（《本经》上品）
【释名】花蛤。
时珍曰∶皆以形名也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶文蛤生东海。表有文。取无时。
弘景曰∶小大皆有紫斑。
保升曰∶今出莱州海中。三月中旬采。背上有斑纹。
恭曰∶大者圆三寸，小者圆五六分。
时珍曰∶按沈存中《笔谈》云∶文蛤即今吴人所食花蛤也。其形一头小，一头大，壳有
花斑的便是。
【修治】同海蛤。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】恶疮，蚀五痔（《本经》）。咳逆胸痹，腰痛胁
下。（《别录》）。能止烦渴，利小便，化痰软坚，治
【发明】时珍曰∶按成无己云∶文蛤之咸走肾，可以胜水气。
【附方】旧一，新一。
伤寒文蛤散∶张仲景云∶病在阳，当以汗解，反以冷水 之，或
饮水，反不渴者，此散主之。文蛤五两为末，每服方寸匕，沸汤下，甚效。
疳蚀口鼻，数日欲尽∶文蛤烧灰，以腊猪脂和，涂之。（《千金翼》）
（梨。宋《嘉 》）
【释名】时珍曰∶蛤类之利于人者，故名。
【集解】机曰∶蛤蜊，生东南海中，白壳紫唇，大二三寸者。闽、
亦作为酱醯。其壳火 作粉，名曰蛤蜊粉也。
肉
【气味】咸，冷，无毒。
藏器曰∶此物性虽冷，乃与丹石相反，服丹石人食之，令腹结痛。
【主治】润五脏，止消渴，开胃，治老癖为寒热，妇人血块，宜煮食之
醒酒（弘景）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按高武《痘疹正宗》云∶俗言蛤蜊海错能发疹，多致伤损脾胃，生痰
作呕作泻，此皆嘻笑作罪也。又言痘毒入目者，以蛤蜊汁点之可代空青。夫空青得铜之精气
而生，性寒可治赤目。若痘毒是脏腑毒瓦斯上冲，非空青可治。蛤蜊虽寒，而湿中有火，亦不
可不知矣。
蛤蜊粉
【释名】海蛤粉。
时珍曰∶海蛤粉者，海中诸蛤之粉，以别江湖之蛤粉、蚌粉也。今人指称，但曰海粉、
蛤粉，寇氏所谓“众蛤之灰”是矣。近世独取蛤蜊粉入药，然货者亦多众蛤也。大抵海中蚌、
蛤、蚶、蛎，性味咸寒，不甚相远，功能软散，小异大同。非若江湖蚌蛤，无咸水浸渍，但
能清热利湿而已。今药肆有一种状如线粉者，谓之海粉，得水则易烂，盖后人因名售物也。
然出海中沙石间，故功亦能化痰软坚。
【修治】震亨曰∶蛤粉，用蛤蜊烧 成粉，不入煎剂。
时珍曰∶按吴球云∶凡用蛤粉，取紫口蛤蜊壳，炭火 成，以熟栝蒌连子同捣，和成团，
风干用，最妙。
【正误】机曰∶丹溪有言∶蛤粉即是海石，寇氏以海石注蛤粉，则二物可通用矣。海石
即海蛤，蛤粉即蛤蜊壳烧成也。
时珍曰∶海石乃海中浮石也，详
见石部。汪氏诬引朱、寇之说为证，陈嘉谟《本草》又
引为据。今考二公本书，并无前说，今正其误。
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】热痰湿痰，老痰顽痰，疝气白浊带下。同香附末、姜汁调服，主心痛（震亨）。
清热利湿，化痰饮，定喘嗽，止呕逆，消浮肿，利小便，止遗精白浊，心脾疼痛，化积块，
解结气，消瘿核，散肿毒，治妇人血病。油调，涂汤火伤（时珍）。
【发明】
震亨曰∶蛤粉能降能消，能软能燥。
时珍曰∶寒制火而咸润下，故能降焉。寒散热而咸走血，故能消焉。坚者软之以咸，取
其属水而性润也。湿者燥之以渗，取其经火化而利小便也。
好古曰∶蛤粉乃肾经血分之药，故主湿嗽肾滑之疾。
【附方】新四。
气虚水肿∶昔滁州酒库攒司陈通，患水肿垂死，诸医不治。一妪令以大蒜十个捣如泥，
入蛤粉，丸梧子大。每食前，白汤下二十丸。服尽，小便下数桶而愈。（《普济方》）
心气疼痛∶真蛤粉沙过白，佐以香附末等分，白汤淬服。（《圣惠方》）
白浊遗精∶洁古云∶阳盛阴虚，故精泄也，真珠粉丸主之。
用蛤粉（ ）一斤，黄柏（新瓦炒过）一斤，为细末，白水丸如梧子大。每服一百丸，
空心用温酒下，日二次。蛤粉味咸而且能补肾阴，黄柏苦而降心火也。
雀目夜盲∶真蛤粉炒黄为末，以油蜡化和，丸皂子大，内于猪腰子中，麻扎定，蒸食之。
一日一服。（《儒门事亲》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】花蛤。
李时珍说：都是根据形状来命名的。
【集解】《名医别录》说：文蛤生长在东海。壳表有花纹。随时可以采集。
陶弘景说：大小都有紫色斑点。
苏保升说：现在出产于莱州海中。三月中旬采收。背上有斑纹。
苏恭说：大的直径三寸，小的直径五六分。
李时珍说：查考沈括《梦溪笔谈》记载：文蛤就是现在吴地人食用的花蛤。它的形状一头小一头大，壳上有花斑的就是。
【修治】处理方法同海蛤。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】恶疮，腐蚀五痔（出自《本经》）。咳逆胸痹，腰痛胁下痛（出自《别录》）。能止烦渴，利小便，化痰软坚，治疗……（原文此处中断）
【发明】李时珍说：查考成无己的说法：文蛤的咸味入肾，可以胜水气。
【附方】旧方一个，新方一个。
伤寒文蛤散：张仲景说：病在阳分，应当用发汗法解除，反而用冷水浇洗，或者饮水后反而不觉得口渴的，此散主治。文蛤五两研为末，每次服用一方寸匕，用沸水送服，效果很好。
疳蚀口鼻，数日欲尽：文蛤烧成灰，用腊月猪脂调和，涂抹患处。（出自《千金翼方》）
（蛤蜊。宋代《嘉祐本草》收录）
【释名】李时珍说：蛤类中对人有益的，所以叫蛤蜊。
【集解】寇宗奭说：蛤蜊生长在东南海中，白壳紫唇，大的二三寸。闽地人也将其作为酱醋食用。其壳用火煅烧成粉，名叫蛤蜊粉。
【气味】味咸，性冷，无毒。
陈藏器说：此物性质虽冷，但与丹石类药物相反，服用丹石的人吃了它，会导致腹部结聚疼痛。
【主治】润五脏，止消渴，开胃，治疗老癖引起的寒热，妇人血块，宜煮食之。醒酒（陶弘景）。
【发明】李时珍说：查考高武《痘疹正宗》记载：俗话讲蛤蜊等海鲜容易引发皮疹，多导致损伤脾胃，生痰作呕作泻，这都是开玩笑造成的罪过。又说痘毒入眼者，用蛤蜊汁点眼可以代替空青。空青是得到铜的精气而生成的，性寒可治赤目。如果痘毒是脏腑毒瓦斯上冲，不是空青能治疗的。蛤蜊虽然寒，但湿中有火，这一点也不可不知。
蛤蜊粉
【释名】海蛤粉。
李时珍说：海蛤粉，是海中各种蛤类的粉，用来区别于江湖中的蛤粉、蚌粉。现在人们指称，只说海粉、蛤粉，这就是寇氏所说的“众蛤之灰”。近代单独取蛤蜊粉入药，但贩卖的人也混杂了许多其他蛤类。大致上海中的蚌、蛤、蚶、牡蛎，性味咸寒，相差不远，功能都是软散，大同小异。不像江湖中的蚌蛤，没有咸水浸渍，只能清热利湿而已。现在药铺有一种状如线粉的，叫做海粉，遇水容易烂，大概是后人因名卖物罢了。然而因为出产于海中沙石间，所以功效也能化痰软坚。
【修治】朱震亨说：蛤粉，用蛤蜊烧制成粉，不入煎剂。
李时珍说：查考吴球的说法：凡是使用蛤粉，取紫口蛤蜊壳，用炭火煅烧成粉，与熟栝蒌连子一起捣碎，和成团，风干使用，最好。
【正误】寇宗奭说：丹溪有言：蛤粉即是海浮石，寇氏以海浮石注释蛤粉，那么二物可通用了。海浮石即海蛤，蛤粉即蛤蜊壳烧成。
李时珍说：海浮石乃海中浮石也，详见石部。汪氏诬引朱、寇之说为证，陈嘉谟《本草》又引为据。现在考证两位先生的原著，并没有前说，现在纠正这个错误。
【主治】热痰湿痰，老痰顽痰，疝气白浊带下。同香附末、姜汁调服，主治心痛（朱震亨）。
清热利湿，化痰饮，定喘嗽，止呕逆，消浮肿，利小便，止遗精白浊，心脾疼痛，化积块，解结气，消瘿核，散肿毒，治妇人血病。油调，涂汤火伤（李时珍）。
【发明】
朱震亨说：蛤粉能降能消，能软能燥。
李时珍说：寒制火而咸润下，故能降焉。寒散热而咸走血，故能消焉。坚者软之以咸，取其属水而性润也。湿者燥之以渗，取其经火化而利小便也。
李杲说：蛤粉乃肾经血分之药，故主湿嗽肾滑之疾。
【附方】新方四个。
气虚水肿：昔日滁州酒库攒司陈通，患水肿垂死，诸医不治。一老妇让他用大蒜十个捣如泥，加入蛤粉，丸梧子大。每食前，白开水送下二十丸。服完，小便排出数桶而痊愈。（《普济方》）
心气疼痛：真蛤粉筛过白色，佐以香附末等分，白开水淬服。（《圣惠方》）
白浊遗精：洁古说：阳盛阴虚，故精泄也，真珠粉丸主治。
用蛤粉（ ）一斤，黄柏（新瓦炒过）一斤，为细末，白水丸如梧子大。每服一百丸，空心用温酒送下，每日二次。蛤粉味咸而且能补肾阴，黄柏苦而降心火也。
雀目夜盲：真蛤粉炒黄为末，以油蜡化和，丸皂子大，内于猪腰子中，麻扎定，蒸食之。一日一服。（《儒门事亲》）
(Shangpin, listed in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Huage (Flower Clam).
Li Shizhen said: They are all named according to their shape.
[Collected Explanations] The *Bielu* states: Wen Ge (Textured Clam) grows in the East Sea. Its surface has patterns. It can be harvested at any time.
Hongjing stated: Both large and small ones have purple spots.
Baosheng stated: It is now produced in the sea of Laizhou. It is harvested in mid-March. There are patterns on its back.
Gong stated: The large ones are three inches in diameter, and the small ones are five or six fen in diameter.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Shen Cunzhong's *Bitan*, Wen Ge is what people in Wu eat today as Huage. Its shape is small at one end and large at the other; those with floral patterns on the shell are it.
[Processing] Same as Haige (Sea Clam).
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Erysipelas-like sores, corroding the five types of hemorrhoids (*Benjing*). Cough with reverse flow, chest bi syndrome, lower back pain, and hypochondriac pain (*Bielu*). It can stop thirst and irritability, promote urination, resolve phlegm and soften hardness, treating... (text cuts off here)
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Cheng Wuji, the salty flavor of Wen Ge enters the Kidney channel and can overcome water qi.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, one new prescription.
Shanghan Wen Ge San (Wen Ge Powder for Cold Damage): Zhang Zhongjing said: When the disease is in the Yang level, it should be resolved by sweating. If cold water is mistakenly applied, or if drinking water results in a lack of thirst, this powder is indicated. Five liang of Wen Ge are ground into powder. Each dose is one fangcun bi (a square-inch measure), taken with boiling water. It is very effective.
Gan Shi Kou Bi (Mouth and Nose Eroded by Parasitic Disease), days passing until death: Wen Ge is burnt to ash, mixed with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and applied topically. (*Qianjin Yifang*)
(Clay Clam. Recorded in Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Among clams, this one is beneficial to humans, hence the name Gelī (Clam).
[Collected Explanations] Ji stated: Gelī grows in the southeastern seas. It has a white shell and purple lips. Those two or three inches in size are common. People in Fujian also use them as sauce or vinegar. Its shell, when calcined by fire into powder, is called Gelī Fen (Clam Shell Powder).
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, cold, non-toxic.
Cangqi stated: Although this substance is cold in nature, it opposes Dan Shi (mineral drugs). Those who take Dan Shi will suffer from abdominal knotting and pain if they consume it.
[Indications] Moistens the five Zang organs, stops thirst, opens the stomach, treats chronic Pi syndrome causing alternating chills and fever, and women's blood masses. It is suitable to be eaten after boiling. Resolves alcohol intoxication (Hongjing).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Gao Wu's *Douzhen Zhengzong*, folklore says that Gelī and other seafood can trigger rashes, often damaging the Spleen and Stomach, generating phlegm, causing vomiting, and diarrhea. This is merely joking and bringing harm upon oneself. It is also said that for pox toxins entering the eyes, Gelī juice can replace Kong Qing (Azurite). Kong Qing forms from the essence of copper, is cold in nature, and can treat red eyes. However, if pox toxin is caused by toxic vapors rushing upward from the Zang-Fu organs, Kong Qing cannot treat it. Although Gelī is cold, there is fire within its dampness; this must be known.
Gelī Fen (Clam Shell Powder)
[Names] Hai Ge Fen (Sea Clam Powder).
Li Shizhen stated: Hai Ge Fen refers to the powder of various clams from the sea, distinguished from the clam powder and mussel powder of rivers and lakes. Nowadays, people refer to it simply as Hai Fen or Ge Fen, which is what Kou described as "ash of various clams." In recent times, only Gelī Fen is used medicinally, but vendors often mix in other clams. Generally, mussels, clams, ark shells, and oysters from the sea have salty and cold properties, not far apart. Their functions are softening and dispersing, with minor differences but major similarities. Unlike river and lake mussels and clams, which lack saltwater immersion and can only clear heat and promote dampness, these marine shells differ. There is currently a type in pharmacies resembling thread noodles, called Hai Fen, which rots easily in water. This is likely later generations selling goods under a false name. However, since it comes from sand and stones in the sea, its function can also resolve phlegm and soften hardness.
[Processing] Zhenheng stated: Ge Fen is made by burning Gelī shells into powder and is not used in decoctions.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Wu Qiu, whenever using Ge Fen, take the shells of purple-lipped clams, calcine them over charcoal fire, grind them together with ripe Trichosanthes fruit including seeds, form into pellets, dry in the wind, and use. This is best.
[Correction of Errors] Ji stated: Danxi said: Ge Fen is exactly Hai Shi (Sea Stone). Kou annotated Hai Shi as Ge Fen, implying the two substances can be used interchangeably. Hai Shi is Haige, and Ge Fen is burned Gelī shell.
Li Shizhen stated: Hai Shi is floating stone from the sea, detailed in the Mineral section. Wang falsely cited Zhu and Kou's theories as evidence, and Chen Jiamo's *Bencao* cited it again. Now examining the original books of both gentlemen, there is no such statement. We correct this error now.
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Hot phlegm, damp phlegm, old phlegm, stubborn phlegm, hernia, white turbidity, and leukorrhea. Mixed with Cyperi Rhizoma powder and ginger juice, taken internally, it treats heart pain (Zhenheng).
Clears heat and promotes dampness, resolves phlegm-fluids, calms wheezing and cough, stops vomiting and reflux, reduces edema, promotes urination, stops seminal emission and white turbidity, treats heart and spleen pain, dissolves accumulations, resolves Qi stagnation, eliminates goiters, disperses swelling and toxicity, treats women's blood diseases. Mixed with oil, applied topically to scalds and burns (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Zhenheng stated: Ge Fen can descend and dissipate, soften and dry.
Li Shizhen stated: Cold controls fire, and salty moistens downward, thus it can descend. Cold clears heat, and salty enters the blood, thus it can dissipate. Hardness is softened by salty, taking advantage of its association with Water and moist nature. Dampness is dried by percolation, taking advantage of its transformation by fire and ability to promote urination.
Haoguo stated: Ge Fen is a medicine for the Blood aspect of the Kidney channel, thus it treats damp cough and Kidney slipping disorders.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions.
Qi Deficiency Edema: Formerly, Chen Tong, an official in the Chuzhou wine warehouse, suffered from severe edema nearing death, and all physicians failed to treat him. An old woman instructed him to crush ten garlic cloves into a paste, add Ge Fen, and form pills the size of wutze (wu berry). Before each meal, take twenty pills with plain warm water. After finishing the course, he urinated several buckets full and recovered. (*Pujifang*)
Heart Qi Pain: Use pure Ge Fen sifted to whiteness, assisted by equal parts of Cyperi Rhizoma powder, taken with quenched plain warm water. (*Shenghui Fang*)
White Turbidity and Seminal Emission: Jiegou said: Yang excess and Yin deficiency cause seminal emission; Zhenzhu Wan (Pearl Pill) is indicated.
Use Ge Fen [missing character] one jin, Huangbai (stir-fried on a new tile) one jin, grind into fine powder, make pills with plain water the size of wutze. Take one hundred pills each time, on an empty stomach with warm wine, twice daily. Ge Fen is salty and can tonify Kidney Yin; Huangbai is bitter and descends Heart Fire.
Nyctalopia (Night Blindness): Calcine pure Ge Fen until yellow, grind into powder, mix with oil and wax, form pills the size of soap beans, insert into pig kidneys, tie tightly with hemp, steam, and eat. Take once a day. (*Rumen Shiqin*)