（《本经》上品）
【释名】时珍曰∶海蛤者，海中诸蛤烂壳之总称，不专指一蛤也。旧本云一名魁蛤，则
又指是一物矣。系是误书，今削之。
【集解】《别录》曰∶海蛤生东海。
保升曰∶今登、莱、沧州海沙湍处皆有，四五月淘沙取之。南海亦有之。
恭曰∶海蛤，细如巨胜子，光净莹滑者好。其粗如半杏仁者为 耳蛤，不堪入药。
时珍曰
黄白色，
多，不能分别其为何蛤，故通谓之海蛤也。余见下条。
【正误】吴普曰∶海蛤头有纹，纹如磨齿。
时珍曰∶此乃魁蛤，非海蛤也，盖误矣，今正之。
弘景曰∶海蛤至滑泽，云从雁屎中得之，二、三十过方为良。今人多取相类者磨荡之。
《日华》曰∶此是雁食鲜蛤粪出者，有文彩为文蛤，无文彩为海蛤。乡人又以海边烂蛤
壳，风涛
藏器曰∶二说皆非也。海蛤是海中烂壳，久在沙泥，风波淘洗，自然圆净无纹。有大有
小，以小者为佳，非一一从雁腹中出也。文蛤是未烂时壳犹有文者。二物
蚬、蚌壳，所主亦与生者不同也。假如雁食蛤壳，岂择文与不文耶？
宗 曰∶海蛤、文蛤，陈说极是。今海中无雁，岂有粪耶？蛤有肉时，犹可食也。肉既
无矣，安得更粪过二三十次耶？陶说谬矣。
时珍曰∶海蛤是诸蛤烂壳，文蛤自是一种。陈氏言文蛤是未烂时壳，则亦泛指诸蛤未烂
者矣，其说未稳。但海中蛤蚌名色虽殊，性味相类，功用亦同，无甚分别也。
【修治】 曰∶凡使海蛤，勿用游波虫骨。真相似，只是面上无光。误饵之，令人狂走
欲投水，如鬼祟，惟醋解之立愈。
其海蛤用浆水煮一伏时，每一两入地骨皮、柏叶各二两，同煮一伏时，东流水淘三次，
捣粉用。
保升曰∶取得，以半天河煮五十刻，以枸杞汁拌匀，入 竹筒内蒸一伏时，捣用。
【气味】苦、咸，平，无毒。吴普曰∶神农∶苦。岐伯∶甘。扁鹊∶咸。权曰∶有小毒。
之才曰∶蜀漆为之使。畏狗胆、甘遂、芫花。
【主治】咳逆上气，喘息烦满，胸痛寒热（《本经》）。
疗阴痿（《别录》）。主十二水满急痛，利膀胱大小肠（《唐注》）。治水气浮肿，下小便，
治嗽逆上气，项下瘤瘿
止消渴，润五脏，治服丹石
结胸，伤寒反汗搐搦，中风瘫痪（时珍）。
【附方】旧二，新六。
水 肿满∶藏器曰∶用海蛤、杏仁、汉防己、枣肉各二两，葶苈六两，为末研，丸梧子
大。一服十丸，服至利下水为妙。
水肿发热小便不通者∶海蛤汤主之。海蛤、木通、猪苓、泽泻、滑石、黄葵子、桑白皮
各一钱，灯心三分，水煎服，日二。（《
石水肢瘦，其腹独大者∶海蛤丸主之。海蛤（ 粉）、防己各七钱半，葶苈、赤茯苓、
桑白皮各一两，陈橘皮、郁李仁各半两，为末，蜜丸如梧子大。每米饮下五十丸，日二次。
（《圣济总录》）
气肿湿肿∶用海蛤、海带、海藻、海螵蛸、海昆布、凫茨、荔枝壳等分，流水煎服，日
二次。（何氏）
血痢内热∶海蛤末，蜜水调服二钱，日二。（《传信》）
无方，宜海蛤散主之，并刺期门穴。用海蛤、滑石、甘草各一两，芒硝半两，为末。每服二
钱，
服此则小肠通，血流行而胸膈利矣。（朱肱《活人书》）
伤寒搐搦∶寇宗 曰∶伤寒出汗不彻，手脚搐者。用海蛤、川乌头各一两，穿山甲二两，
为末，酒丸如弹子大，捏扁，置所患足心下。别擘葱白盖药，以帛缠定。于暖室中热水浸脚
至膝上，水冷又添，候遍身汗出为度。凡一二日一作，以知为度。
中风瘫痪∶方同上。又具鲮鲤甲下。
衄血不止∶蛤粉一两（罗七遍），槐花半两（炒焦），研匀。每服一钱，新汲水调下。（《杨
氏
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】李时珍说：海蛤，是海中各种蛤类腐烂贝壳的总称，并不专指某一种蛤。旧版本草记载它又名“魁蛤”，这就特指某一种物了。这显然是误书，现在将其删去。
【集解】《名医别录》说：海蛤产于东海。
苏颂（字保升）说：如今在登州、莱州、沧州海边沙急水流湍急的地方都有，四五月间淘沙取得。南海也有出产。
苏恭说：海蛤细小如胡麻籽，光洁莹润滑腻的为佳品。那些粗大如半个杏仁的是耳蛤，不堪入药。
李时珍说：颜色黄白，数量众多，无法分辨具体是哪一种蛤，所以通称为海蛤。其余详情见下条。
【正误】吴普说：海蛤头部有纹理，纹理像磨齿一样。
李时珍说：这是魁蛤，不是海蛤，大概是搞错了，现在予以纠正。
陶弘景说：海蛤非常光滑润泽，传说是从雁粪中得到的，经过二三十次筛选才算是良品。现在的人多取形状相类似的贝壳打磨使用。
《日华子本草》说：这是雁食用鲜蛤后排泄出来的粪便，有花纹的叫文蛤，没有花纹的叫海蛤。乡里人又用海边腐烂的蛤壳，经风浪冲刷……
陈藏器说：以上两种说法都不对。海蛤是海中腐烂的贝壳，长久埋在沙泥中，经风波淘洗，自然圆润洁净没有纹理。有大有小，以小的为佳，并非一定都从雁腹中排出。文蛤是尚未腐烂时壳上仍有花纹的。这两种东西以及蚬、蚌的壳，主治功效也与活体不同。假如雁吃蛤壳，难道还会挑选有花纹或无花纹的吗？
寇宗奭说：海蛤、文蛤，陈氏的说法极为正确。如今海中已无雁，哪里会有粪便呢？蛤还有肉的时候，还可以食用。肉既然没有了，怎么还能产生二三十次的粪便呢？陶弘景的说法是错误的。
李时珍说：海蛤是各种蛤类的腐烂贝壳，文蛤自是一种。陈氏说文蛤是未腐烂时的壳，那么也是泛指各种蛤未腐烂的状态，这种说法不够稳妥。但海中蛤蚌名称虽殊，性味相似，功用也相同，没有很大分别。
【修治】某人（原文缺名，据考证多为雷斅或泛指前人）说：凡使用海蛤，不要用游波虫的骨头冒充。真品与伪品很相似，只是表面没有光泽。误服后，会让人狂跑想跳进水里，如同鬼祟附身，只有用醋解毒才能立即痊愈。
另一法：将海蛤用浆水煮一个时辰（约两小时），每一两海蛤加入地骨皮、柏叶各二两，同煮一个时辰，再用东流水淘洗三次，捣碎成粉使用。
苏颂说：取得后，用半天河水煮五十刻（约12.5小时），用枸杞汁拌匀，装入竹筒内蒸一个时辰，捣碎使用。
【气味】苦、咸，平，无毒。吴普引述：神农认为味苦；岐伯认为味甘；扁鹊认为味咸；李权认为有小毒。
张仲景（之才）说：蜀漆为其使药。畏狗胆、甘遂、芫花。
【主治】咳嗽气逆，喘息胸满，胸痛伴寒热（《神农本草经》）。
治疗阳痿（《名医别录》）。主治十二种水气引起的胀满急痛，通利膀胱及大小肠（《唐本草注》）。治疗水气浮肿，通利小便，治疗咳嗽气逆，颈下瘿瘤，止消渴，滋润五脏，治疗因服用丹石导致的结胸，伤寒汗出不彻引起的抽搐痉挛，中风瘫痪（李时珍补充）。
【附方】旧方二首，新方六首。
水肿胀满：陈藏器说：用海蛤、杏仁、汉防己、枣肉各二两，葶苈子六两，研为细末，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服十丸，服药至利尿排水为妙。
水肿发热且小便不通者：用海蛤汤主治。海蛤、木通、猪苓、泽泻、滑石、黄葵子、桑白皮各一钱，灯心草三分，水煎服，每日两次。（出处残缺）
石水证，肢体消瘦，唯独腹部胀大的：用海蛤丸主治。海蛤（研粉）、防己各七钱半，葶苈子、赤茯苓、桑白皮各一两，陈皮、郁李仁各半两，研为细末，蜂蜜炼丸如梧桐子大。每次米饮送下五十丸，每日二次。（出自《圣济总录》）
气肿、湿肿：用海蛤、海带、海藻、海螵蛸、海昆布、凫茨、荔枝壳等分，流水煎服，每日二次。（何氏方）
血痢伴有内热：用海蛤末，蜜水调服二钱，每日二次。（出自《传信适用方》）
无固定方剂，宜用海蛤散主治，并针刺期门穴。用海蛤、滑石、甘草各一两，芒硝半两，研为细末。每次服二钱，……服用此药则小肠通畅，血液运行而胸膈舒畅。（朱肱《类证活人书》）
伤寒抽搐痉挛：寇宗奭说：伤寒出汗不彻底，导致手脚抽搐者。用海蛤、川乌头各一两，穿山甲二两，研为细末，酒泛为丸如弹子大，捏扁，置于患病足心下。另切葱白覆盖在药上，用布带缠紧。在暖室中用热水浸脚至膝盖以上，水冷则添加热水，待全身出汗为止。每隔一二日进行一次，以见效为度。
中风瘫痪：方剂同上。另外详见鲮鲤甲（穿山甲）条目下。
鼻出血不止：蛤粉一两（过筛七遍），槐花半两（炒焦），研匀。每次服一钱，新汲水调服。（出自《杨氏家藏方》）
(Recorded as a Superior Grade herb in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Li Shizhen states: "Haige" (Clam Shell) is a general term for the rotten shells of various clams found in the sea, and does not refer to a single specific species. Old editions of materia medica state it is also known as "Kui Ge" (Trumpet Shell), which implies it refers to a specific object. This is likely an erroneous inscription and has been deleted here.
**[Collection and Description]** The *Bie Lu* (Recorded by Masters of Different Periods) states: Haige grows in the East Sea.
Su Song (courtesy name Baosheng) states: Currently, they are found in the turbulent sandy areas of Dengzhou, Laizhou, and Cangzhou along the coast, where they are harvested from sand during the fourth and fifth lunar months. They are also found in the South Sea.
Su Gong states: Haige that is fine like sesame seeds and smooth, lustrous, and slippery is of good quality. Those as coarse as half an almond kernel are "Er Ge" (Ear Clams) and are unsuitable for medicinal use.
Li Shizhen states: [The shells are] yellowish-white. There are so many types that it is impossible to distinguish exactly which clam they belong to; therefore, they are collectively called Haige. See further details in the following entry.
**[Correction of Errors]** Wu Pu states: Haige has patterns on its head, resembling the teeth of a millstone.
Li Shizhen states: This describes Kui Ge (Trumpet Shell), not Haige. It was likely a mistake, which is now corrected.
Tao Hongjing states: Haige is extremely smooth and glossy. It is said to be obtained from goose droppings, and only after being processed twenty or thirty times is it considered superior. Nowadays, people mostly take similar-looking shells and grind them for use.
*Ri Hua Bencao* states: These are feces excreted by geese after eating fresh clams. Those with patterns are called Wen Ge (Geoduck/Patterned Clam), and those without patterns are called Haige. Villagers also use rotten clam shells from the seaside, washed by wind and waves...
Chen Zangqi states: Both of the above explanations are incorrect. Haige consists of rotten shells in the sea that have lain in sand and mud for a long time, naturally becoming round, clean, and patternless due to wave action. They vary in size, with smaller ones being preferred; they do not necessarily come from inside geese. Wen Ge refers to shells that still retain their patterns before rotting. The therapeutic effects of these two substances, as well as clam and mussel shells, differ from those of living specimens. If geese eat clam shells, would they select based on the presence or absence of patterns?
Kou Zongshi states: Regarding Haige and Wen Ge, Mr. Chen's statement is extremely accurate. However, there are no geese in the sea nowadays, so how could there be droppings? When clams have flesh, they can be eaten. Once the flesh is gone, how can there be droppings twenty or thirty times over? Tao Hongjing's theory is flawed.
Li Shizhen states: Haige refers to the rotten shells of various clams, while Wen Ge is a distinct type. Mr. Chen's statement that Wen Ge refers to shells before rotting implies a general reference to unrotted shells of various clams, making his explanation somewhat unstable. However, although the names of sea clams and mussels differ, their properties and flavors are similar, and their functions are the same, with little distinction.
**[Preparation]** [Name missing in original text, likely Lei Xiao or generic predecessor] states: When using Haige, do not use the bones of the "Youbo Chong" (a type of worm/shellfish) as substitutes. They look very similar, but the substitute lacks surface luster. Ingesting it mistakenly causes madness, with the victim running wildly and wanting to jump into water, as if possessed by spirits. Only vinegar can resolve this immediately.
Another method: Boil Haige in starch water for one *fu shi* (approx. 2 hours). For every liang of Haige, add two liang each of Digupi (Root Bark of Lycium) and Baiye (Cypress Leaves), boil together for one *fu shi*, then rinse three times with flowing water from the east, and grind into powder for use.
Su Song states: After harvesting, boil in "Half-Day River Water" for fifty ke (approx. 12.5 hours), mix evenly with Gouqi juice, place in a bamboo tube, steam for one *fu shi*, and grind for use.
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Bitter, salty, neutral, non-toxic. Wu Pu cites: Shennong says bitter; Qibo says sweet; Bian Que says salty; Li Quan says slightly toxic.
Zhang Zhongjing (Cai Zhi) states: Shuqi is its guiding drug. It is incompatible with Goudan (Dog Gallbladder), Gansui (Kansui Root), and Yuanhua (Genkwa Flower).
**[Indications]** Cough with rebellious Qi, wheezing, chest fullness, chest pain accompanied by aversion to cold and fever (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treatment for impotence (*Bie Lu*). Main treatment for twelve types of water retention causing distension and acute pain, promoting urination through the bladder, large intestine, and small intestine (*Tang Bencao Zhu*). Treatment for edema caused by water qi, promoting urination, treating cough with rebellious Qi, goiter under the neck, stopping thirst (Xiaoke), moistening the five zang organs, treating Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) caused by taking Dan Shi (mineral pills), convulsions and spasms due to incomplete sweating in Shang Han (Cold Damage), and paralysis due to Wind Stroke (Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two old prescriptions, six new ones.
Edema and abdominal distension: Chen Zangqi states: Use Haige, Xingren (Apricot Seed), Han Fangji (Stephania Tetrandra), and Jujube pulp, each 2 liang, and Tingli (Descurainia Seed) 6 liang. Grind into powder and make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 10 pills per dose. The effect is optimal when urine output increases significantly.
Edema with fever and urinary obstruction: Treat with Haige Tang (Clam Decoction). Haige, Mutong (Akebia Stem), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alisma), Huashi (Talcum), Huangkuizi (Abelmoschus Seed), Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark), each 1 qian, and Dengxincao (Juncus Effusus) 3 fen. Decoct in water and take orally, twice daily. (Source missing)
Shi Shui (Stone Water) syndrome, characterized by emaciated limbs but a distended abdomen alone: Treat with Haige Wan (Clam Pill). Haige (powder), Fangji (Aristolochia or Stephania), each 7.5 qian; Tingli, Chi Fuling (Red Poria), Sangbaipi, each 1 liang; Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel), Yuliren (Prunus Seed), each 0.5 liang. Grind into powder, make pills with honey the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills per dose with rice water, twice daily. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Qi-type edema and Damp-type edema: Use equal parts of Haige, Kaidai (Kelp), Haizao (Sargassum), Haipiaoxiao (Cuttlebone), Haikunbu (Hijiki), Fuci (Trapa Natans), and Lizhiqiao (Lychee Shell). Decoct in flowing water and take orally, twice daily. (He Shi)
Blood dysentery with internal heat: Take Haige powder, mixed with honey water, 2 qian per dose, twice daily. (*Chuanxin Shiyong Fang*)
No fixed prescription; treat with Haige San (Clam Powder) and puncture the Qimen acupoint. Use Haige, Huashi, Gancao (Licorice Root), each 1 liang, and Mangxiao (Mirabilite) 0.5 liang. Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose... After taking this, the small intestine becomes unblocked, blood circulation improves, and the chest and diaphragm feel clear. (Zhu Gong, *Leizheng Huoren Shu*)
Shang Han convulsions: Kou Zongshi states: For Shang Han where sweating is incomplete, leading to hand and foot convulsions. Use Haige, Chuan Wutou (Aconitum Carmichaelii Dehxian), each 1 liang, and Chuanshanjia (Pangolin Scale) 2 liang. Grind into powder, make pills with wine the size of a bullet, flatten them, and place under the sole of the affected foot. Cover the medicine with chopped scallion white, bind tightly with cloth. Soak feet in hot water up to the knees in a warm room; add hot water as it cools. Continue until the whole body sweats. Apply once every one or two days, until efficacy is achieved.
Wind Stroke paralysis: Same prescription as above. Also see entries under Lingli Jia (Pangolin Scale).
Unstopping epistaxis (Nosebleed): Gefen (Clam Powder) 1 liang (sifted seven times), Huaihua (Sophora Flower) 0.5 liang (stir-fried until charred). Grind evenly. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with fresh drawn water. (*Yang Shi Jiancang Fang*)