（《别录》下品）
【释名】 （音杉）、沙木
【集解】颂曰∶杉材旧不着所出州土，今南中深山多有之。木类松而劲直，叶附枝生，
若刺针。郭璞注《尔雅》云∶ 似松，生江南。可以为船及棺材，作柱埋之不腐。又人家常
用作桶板，甚耐水。
宗 曰∶杉干端直，大抵如松，冬不凋，但叶阔成枝也。今处处有之，入药须用油杉及
臭者良。
时珍曰∶杉木叶硬，微扁如刺，结实如枫实。江南人以惊蛰前后取枝插种，出倭国者，
谓
干燥。有斑纹如雉者，谓之野鸡斑，作棺尤贵。其木不生白蚁，烧灰最发火药。
杉材
【气味】辛，微温，无毒。
【主治】漆疮，煮汤洗之，无不瘥（《别录》）。煮水，浸捋香港脚肿满。服之，治心腹胀
痛，去恶气（苏恭）。治风毒奔豚，
【发明】震亨曰∶杉屑属金有火。其节煮汁浸捋香港脚肿满，尤效。
颂曰∶唐柳柳州纂《救三死方》云∶元和十二年二月得香港脚，夜半痞绝，胁有块，大如
石，且死，困不知人，搐搦上视，三日，家人号哭。荥阳郑洵美传杉木汤，服半食顷大下，
三行气通块散。方用杉木节一大升，橘叶（切）一大升（无叶则以皮代之），大腹槟榔七枚
（连子碎之），童子小便三大升，共煮取一大升半，分为两服。若一服得快，即停后服。此
乃死病，会有教者，乃得不死。恐人不幸病此，故传之云。
【附方】新四。
肺壅痰滞，上焦不利，猝然咳嗽∶杉木屑一两，皂角（去皮酥炙）三两，为末，蜜丸梧
桐子大。每米饮下十丸，一日四服。（《圣惠方》）小儿阴肿赤痛，日夜啼叫，数日退皮，愈
而复作∶用老杉木烧灰，入腻粉，清油调敷，效。（危氏《得效方》）肺壅失音∶杉木烧炭入
碗中，以小碗覆之，用汤淋下，去碗饮水。不愈再作，音出乃止。（《集简方》） 疮黑烂∶
多年老杉木节，烧灰，麻油调，隔箬叶贴之，绢帛包定，数贴而愈。（《救急
皮
【主治】金疮血出，及汤火伤灼，取老树皮烧存性，研敷之。或入鸡子清调敷。一、二
日愈（时珍）。
叶
【主治】风、虫牙痛，同芎 、细辛煎酒含漱（时珍）。
子
【主治】疝气痛，一岁一粒，烧研酒服（时珍）。
杉菌 见菜部。
【附录】丹桎木皮（桎，音直） 藏器曰∶生江南深山。似杉木，皮，主治 疡风。取
一握，去上黑，打碎，煎如糖，日日涂之。
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】 （音杉）、沙木
【集解】苏颂说：杉木的产地，旧籍中未曾明确记载。如今南方深山之中多有生长。其木质类同松树但强劲挺直，叶片附着在枝条上生长，形状像刺针。郭璞注释《尔雅》时说：杉树像松树，生长在江南地区。可以用来造船和制作棺材，将柱子埋入地下也不会腐烂。另外人们家常用作桶板，非常耐水。
寇宗奭说：杉树干端正笔直，大体像松树，冬季不落叶，只是叶片较宽且成枝状分布。如今到处都有，入药必须使用油杉及气味臭者为佳。
李时珍说：杉木叶片坚硬，微扁如刺，结出的果实像枫树的果实。江南人在惊蛰节气前后截取树枝进行扦插种植。从日本国运来的杉木，被称为“干燥”。带有斑纹如同野鸡羽毛花纹的，称为“野鸡斑”，用来制作棺材尤其珍贵。杉木不生白蚁，燃烧后的灰烬最容易引燃火药。
杉材
【气味】辛味，微温，无毒。
【主治】漆疮，用杉木煮汤清洗，没有不能治愈的（出自《名医别录》）。煮水浸泡并揉搓香港脚（足部肿胀），服用可治疗心腹胀痛，去除恶气（出自苏恭）。治疗风毒奔豚（一种气从少腹上冲胸咽的病证）。
【发明】朱震亨说：杉屑属金而有火性。其节段煮汁浸泡并揉搓香港脚肿满，尤为有效。
苏颂说：唐代柳宗元编纂《救三死方》记载：元和十二年二月患香港脚，半夜气息痞塞断绝，胁下有肿块，大如石头，濒临死亡，昏迷不知人事，抽搐瞪眼，持续三天，家人痛哭。荥阳人郑洵美传授杉木汤，服用半个时辰后大便通畅，排便三次，气机通畅肿块消散。方剂用法：取一大升杉木节，一大升橘叶（切碎，无叶则用橘皮代替），七枚大腹槟榔（连子捣碎），童子小便三大升，共同煎煮取一大升半，分两次服用。如果第一次服药后见效，就停止第二次服用。这是濒死之病，恰好有教导之人，才得以不死。担心人们不幸患病，所以传述此方。
【附方】新收录四方。
肺壅痰滞，上焦不利，突然咳嗽：杉木屑一两，皂角（去皮酥炙）三两，研为细末，蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次米汤送服十丸，一日四次。（出自《圣惠方》）小儿阴囊肿赤疼痛，日夜啼叫，数日后脱皮，痊愈后又复发：用老杉木烧成灰，加入轻粉（腻粉），用清油调和外敷，有效。（危氏《得效方》）肺壅失音：将杉木烧炭放入碗中，用小碗覆盖在上面，用热水淋浇小碗，收集流下的水滴饮用。若不愈再制作，声音恢复为止。（《集简方》）疮疡黑烂：多年老杉木节，烧成灰，用麻油调和，隔着箬叶贴敷，用绢帛包扎固定，数次贴敷而愈。（《救急方》）
树皮
【主治】金创出血，以及汤火烫伤灼伤，取老树皮烧至存性（保留药性），研末外敷。或者加入鸡蛋清调和外敷。一两天即可痊愈（李时珍）。
叶
子
杉菌 见菜部。
【附录】丹桎木皮（桎，音直） 陈藏器说：生长在江南深山。像杉木，皮色红，主治癞风（麻风病等皮肤顽疾）。取一把，去掉上部黑色部分，打碎，煎煮如糖稀状，每日涂抹。
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Bie Lu*)
**Names:** (Pronounced Shan), Sha Mu
**Collection and Explanation:** Su Song stated: The origin of Shan wood was not previously recorded in standard texts. Currently, it grows abundantly in the deep mountains of the South. Its wood is similar to pine but stiffer and straighter; its leaves grow attached to the branches, resembling needles. Guo Pu, in his commentary on *Erya*, noted: "It resembles pine and grows in Jiangnan. It can be used for boats and coffins; pillars buried in the ground do not rot." Furthermore, people commonly use it for bucket boards, as it is very water-resistant.
Kou Zongshi stated: The trunk of Shan is upright and straight, generally resembling pine. It does not shed leaves in winter, though its leaves are broader and form distinct branches. It is now found everywhere. For medicinal use, you must use You Shan (Oily Shan) and those with a strong odor, which are superior.
Li Shizhen stated: The leaves of Shan wood are hard, slightly flat like thorns, and the fruit resembles that of the maple tree. People in Jiangnan take branches around the Awakening of Insects (Jingzhe) solar term for cutting and planting. Wood imported from Japan is called "Gan Zao" (Dry). Those with patterns resembling pheasant feathers are called "Ye Ji Ban" (Wild Pheasant Pattern); they are especially prized for making coffins. This wood does not harbor white ants, and its ash ignites gunpowder most easily.
**Shan Material**
**Odor and Taste:** Acrid, slightly warm, non-toxic.
**Indications:** For lacquer dermatitis (Qi Chuang), wash with a decoction boiled from Shan wood; there is no case that cannot be cured (*Bie Lu*). Boil water to soak and massage Hong Kong Foot (Zu Zhuang / Podagra swelling). Ingestion treats heart and abdominal distension and pain, and expels evil qi (Su Gong). Treats Feng Du Ben Tun (Wind-toxin Ben Tun [a condition where Qi rushes upward from the lower abdomen]).
**Elucidation:** Zhu Zhenheng stated: Shan屑 (wood chips) belong to Metal and possess Fire properties. A decoction of its nodes soaked and massaged on Hong Kong Foot swelling is particularly effective.
Su Song stated: In Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan compiled *Jiu San Si Fang* (Prescriptions to Save Three Deaths): "In the second month of the 12th year of Yuanhe, I suffered from Hong Kong Foot. At midnight, my Qi became obstructed and cut off. There was a lump under my ribs, large as a stone. I was near death, unconscious, convulsing with eyes rolling back, for three days. My family wailed. Zheng Xunmei from Yingyang transmitted the Shan Mu Tang. After taking half a meal's time, I had a massive bowel movement. After three passages, Qi flowed freely and the lump dissipated. The prescription uses one large sheng of Shan wood nodes, one large sheng of Citrus reticulata leaf (cut; if no leaves, use peel instead), seven Areca catechu seeds (crushed with shells), and three large shengs of urine from an uncircumcised boy. Boil together to obtain one and a half large shengs. Divide into two doses. If the first dose brings relief, stop the second. This is a fatal disease; because someone taught it, I did not die. Fearing others might unfortunately suffer this, I transmit it."
**Attached Prescriptions:** Four new prescriptions.
For Lung obstruction with phlegm stagnation, upper Jiao dysfunction, and sudden cough: Take 1 liang of Shan wood chips and 3 liang of Gleditsia sinensis (processed with酥 roast after removing skin). Grind into powder and make pills the size of Chinese quince seeds. Take 10 pills with rice water each time, four times a day. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
For infantile scrotal swelling, redness, and pain, crying day and night, peeling after several days, recurring after healing: Burn old Shan wood to ash, add Calomel (Ni Fen), mix with clear sesame oil, and apply externally. Effective. (Wei Shi's *De Xiao Fang*)
For lung obstruction causing loss of voice: Burn Shan wood to charcoal and place in a bowl. Cover with a smaller bowl. Pour hot water over the outer bowl to condense steam/drip into the inner bowl. Drink the collected water. Repeat if not cured until voice returns. (*Ji Jian Fang*)
For black and rotting sores: Use old Shan wood nodes from many years ago, burn to ash, mix with sesame oil, apply through a rattan leaf patch, and wrap securely with silk cloth. Heals after several applications. (*Jiu Ji Fang*)
**Bark**
**Indications:** For traumatic bleeding and scalds/burns, take old bark, burn until the nature is preserved (charred but retaining efficacy), grind, and apply. Alternatively, mix with egg white and apply. Heals in one or two days (Li Shizhen).
**Leaves**
**Indications:** For wind and insect toothache, decoct with Chuanxiong rhizome and Asarum root in wine and gargle (Li Shizhen).
**Seeds**
**Indications:** For hernia pain, take one pill per year of age, burn to ash, grind, and take with wine (Li Shizhen).
**Shan Jun** See Vegetable Section.
**Appendix:** Dan Zhi Mu Bark (Zhi, pronounced Zhi) Chen Cangqi stated: Grows in deep mountains of Jiangnan. Resembles Shan wood, reddish bark. Indicated for Lai Feng (Leprosy-like skin diseases). Take a handful, remove the black upper part, crush, decoct until syrupy, and apply daily.