（《别录》上品）
【释名】时珍曰∶按王安石《字说》云∶松柏为百木之长。松犹公也，柏犹伯也。故松
从公，柏从白。
【集解】《别录》曰∶松脂生太山山谷。六月采。
颂曰∶松处处有之。
其叶有两鬣、五鬣、七鬣。岁久则实繁。中原虽有，不及塞上者佳好也。松脂以通明如
薰陆香颗者为胜。
宗 曰∶松黄一如蒲黄，但味差淡。松子多海东来，今关右亦有，但细小味薄也。
时珍曰∶松树 修耸多节，其皮粗浓有鳞形，其叶后凋。二、三月抽蕤生花，长四、
五寸，采其花蕊为松黄。结实状如猪心，叠成鳞砌，秋老则子长鳞裂。然叶有二针、三针、
五针之别。三针者为栝子松，五针者为松子松。
其子大如柏子，惟辽海及云南者，子大如巴豆可食，谓之海松子，详见果部。孙思邈云∶
松脂以衡山者为良。衡山东五百里，满谷所出者，与天下不同。苏轼云∶镇定松脂亦良。《抱
朴子》云∶凡老松皮内自然聚脂为第一，胜于凿取及煮成者。其根下有伤处，不见日月者为
阴脂，尤佳。老松余气结为茯苓。千年松脂化为琥珀。《玉策记》云∶千年松树四边枝起，
上杪不长如偃盖。其精化为青牛、青羊、青犬、青人、伏龟，其寿皆千岁。
松脂
【别名】松膏（《本经》）、松肪（同）、
【修治】弘景曰∶采炼松脂法，并在服食方中。以桑灰汁或酒煮软， 纳寒水中数十过，
白滑则可用。
颂曰∶凡用松脂，先须炼治。用大釜加水置甑，用白茅借甑底，又加黄砂于茅上，浓寸
许∶然后布松脂于上，炊以桑薪，汤减频添热水。候松脂尽入釜中，乃出之，投于冷水，既
凝又蒸，如此三过，其白如玉，然后入用。
【气味】苦、甘，温，无毒。权曰∶甘，平。
震亨曰∶松脂属阳金，伏汞。
【主治】痈疽恶疮，头疡白秃，疥瘙风气，安五脏，除热。
久服，轻身不老延年（《本经》）。除胃中伏热，咽干消渴，风痹死肌。炼之令白。其赤者，
主恶痹（《别录》）。煎膏，生肌止痛，排脓抽风。贴诸疮脓血 烂。塞牙孔，杀虫（甄权）。
除邪下气，润心肺，治耳聋。古方多用辟谷（大明）。强筋骨，利耳目，治崩带（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶松、柏皆有脂润，凌冬不凋
颂曰∶道人服饵，或合茯苓、松柏实、菊花作丸，亦可单服。
时珍曰∶松叶、松实，服饵所须；松节、松心，耐久不朽。松脂则又树之津液精华也。
在土不朽；流脂日久，变为琥珀，宜其可以辟谷延龄。葛洪《抱朴子》云∶上党赵瞿病癞历
年，垂死，其家弃之，送置山穴中。瞿怨泣经月，有仙人见而哀之，以一囊药与之。瞿服百
余日，其疮都愈，颜色丰悦，肌肤玉泽。仙人再过之，瞿谢活命之恩，乞求其方。仙人曰∶
此是松脂，山中便多。此物汝炼服之，可以长生不死。瞿乃归家长服，身体转轻，气力百倍，
登危涉险，终日不困。年百余岁，齿不坠，发不白。夜卧忽见屋间有光，大如镜，久而一室
尽明如昼。又见面上有采女一人，戏于口鼻之间。后入抱犊山成地仙。于时人闻瞿服此脂，
皆竞服之，车运驴负，积之盈室。不过一月，未觉大益，皆辄止焉。志之不坚如此。张杲《医
说》有服松丹之法。
【附方】旧七，新十七。
服食辟谷∶《千金方》∶用松脂十斤，以桑薪灰汁一石，煮五七沸，漉出，冷水中凝，复
煮之，凡十遍乃白，细研为散。每服一、二钱，粥饮调下，日三服。服至十两以上，不饥，
饥再服之。一年以后，夜视目明。久服，延年益寿。又法∶百炼松脂治下筛，蜜和纳筒中，
勿见风日。每服一团，一日三服。服至百日，耐寒暑；二百日，五脏补益；五年，即见西王
母。
伏虎禅师服法∶用松脂十斤，炼之五度，令苦味尽。每一斤，入茯苓末四两。每旦水服
一刀圭，能令不食，而复延龄，身轻清爽。强筋补益∶四圣不老丹∶用明松脂一斤，以无灰
酒沙锅内桑柴火煮数沸，竹枝搅稠，乃住火，倾入水内结块，复以酒煮九遍，其脂如玉，不
苦不涩乃止，为细末。用十二两，入白茯苓末半斤，黄菊花末半斤，柏子仁（去油取霜）半
斤，
炼蜜丸如梧桐子大。每空心好酒送下七十二丸。须择吉日修合，勿令妇人、鸡、犬
松梅丸∶用松脂以长流水桑柴煮拔三次，再以桑灰滴汁煮七次扯拔，更以好酒煮二次，
仍以长流水煮二次，色白不苦为度。每一斤，入九蒸地黄末十两，乌梅末六两，炼蜜丸梧桐
子大。每服七十丸，空心盐、米汤下。健阳补中，强筋润肌，大能益人。（白飞霞《方外奇
方》）
揩齿固牙∶松脂（出镇定者佳），稀布盛，入沸汤煮，取浮水面者投冷水中（不出者不
用），
研末，入白茯苓末和匀。日用揩齿漱口，亦可咽之，固牙驻颜。（苏东坡《仇池笔记》）历节
诸风，百节酸痛不可忍∶松脂三十斤，炼五十遍。以炼酥三升，和松脂三升，搅令极稠。每
旦空心酒服方寸匕，日三服。数食面粥为佳，慎血腥、生冷、酢物、果子，一百日瘥。（《外
台秘要》）
肝虚目泪∶炼成松脂一斤，酿米二斗。水七斗，曲二斗，造酒。频饮之。妇人白带∶松
香五两，酒二升，煮干，木臼杵细，酒糊丸如梧桐子大。每服百丸，温酒下。（《摘玄方》）
小儿秃疮∶《简便方》∶用松香五钱，猪油一两熬，搽，一日数次，数日即愈。《卫生宝
鉴》∶用沥青二两，黄蜡
小儿紧唇∶松脂炙化，贴之。（《圣惠方》）风虫牙痛∶刮松上脂，滚水泡化，一漱即止，
已试验。（《集简方》）
龋齿有孔∶松脂 塞，须臾虫从脂出也。（《梅师方》）
久聋不听∶炼松脂三两，巴豆一两。和捣成丸。薄绵裹塞，一日二度。（《梅师方》）
一切 疮∶炼成松脂末，填令满，日三、四度。（《圣惠方》）
一切肿毒∶松香八两，铜青二钱，蓖麻仁五钱。同捣作膏，摊贴甚妙。（李楼《奇方》）
软疖频发∶翠玉膏∶用通明沥青八两，铜绿二两，麻油三钱，雄猪胆汁三个。先溶沥青，
乃下油、胆，倾入水中扯拔，器盛。每用，绯帛摊贴，不须再换。小金丝膏∶治一切疮疖肿
毒。沥青、白胶香各二两，乳香二钱，没药一两，黄蜡三钱，又以香油三钱，同熬至滴下不
散，倾入水中，扯千遍收贮。每捻作饼，贴之。疥癣湿疮∶松胶香研细，稍入轻粉。先以油
涂疮，糁末在上，一日便干。顽者三、二度愈。（《刘涓子鬼遗方》）
阴囊湿痒欲溃者∶用板儿松香为末，纸卷作筒。每根入花椒三粒，浸灯盏内三宿，取出
点烧，淋下油搽之。先以米泔洗过。（《简便方》）
金疮出血∶沥青末，稍加生铜屑末，糁之，立愈。（唐瑶《经验方》）
猪啮成疮∶松脂炼作饼，贴之。（《千金》）
刺入肉中，百理不瘥∶松脂流出如乳头香者，敷上以帛裹。三、五日当有根出，不痛不
痒，不觉自安。（《兵部
松节
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】百节久风，风虚脚痹疼痛（《别录》）。酿酒，主脚弱，骨节风（弘景）。炒焦，
治筋骨间病，能燥血中之湿
【发明】时珍曰∶松节，松之骨也。质坚气劲，久亦不朽，故筋骨间风湿诸病宜之。
【附方】旧二，新五。历节风痛，四肢如解脱∶松节酒∶用二十斤，酒五斗，浸三、七
日。每服一合，日五、六服。（《外台》）
转筋挛急∶松节一两（锉如米大），乳香一钱，银石器慢火炒焦，存一、二分性，出火
毒，研末。每服一、二钱，热木瓜酒调下。一应筋病皆治之。（孙用和《秘宝方》）
风热牙痛∶《圣惠方》∶用油松节如枣大一块（碎切），胡椒七颗，入烧酒，须二、三盏，
乘热入飞过白矾少许，噙漱三、五口，立瘥。又用松节二两，槐白皮、地骨皮各一两，浆水
煎汤。热漱冷吐，瘥乃止。反胃吐食∶松节煎酒，细饮之。（《百一方》）
阴毒腹痛∶油松木七块炒焦，冲酒二钟，热服。（《集简方》）
颠扑伤损∶松节煎酒服。（谈野翁方）
【主治】疮疥及马牛疮（苏恭）。
松叶
【别名】松毛。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】风湿疮，生毛发，安五脏，守中，不饥延年（《别录》）。细切，以水及面饮服
之，或捣屑丸服，可断谷及治恶疾（弘景）。炙， 冻疮风湿疮，佳（大明）。去风痛脚痹，
杀米虫（时珍）。
【附方】旧六，新三。
服食松叶∶松叶细切更研，每日食前以酒调下二钱，亦可煮汁作粥食。初服稍难，久则
自便矣。令人不老，身生绿毛，轻身益气。久服不已，绝谷不饥不渴。（《圣惠方》）
天行温疫∶松叶，细切，酒服方寸匕，日三服。能辟五年瘟。（《伤寒类要》）
中风口 ∶青松叶一斤捣汁，清酒一斗，浸二宿，近火一宿。初服半升，渐至一升，头
面汗出即止。（《千金方》）
三年中风∶松叶一斤。细切，以酒一斗，煮取三升。顿服，汗出立瘥。（《千金方》）
历节风痛∶松叶（捣汁）一升。以酒三升，浸七日。服一合，日三服。（《千金方》）
香港脚风痹∶松叶酒∶治十二风痹不能行，服更生散数剂，及众疗不得力，服此一剂，便
能行远，不过两剂。松叶六十斤细锉，以水四石，煮取四斗九升，以米五斗，酿如常法。别
煮松叶汁以渍米并 饭，泥酿封头，七日发，澄饮之取醉。得此酒力者甚众。（《千金方》）
风牙肿痛∶松叶一握，盐一合，酒二升煎漱。（《圣惠方》）
大风恶疮∶猪鬃松叶二斤，麻黄（去节）五两。锉，以生绢袋盛，清酒二斗浸之，春夏
五日，秋冬七日。每温服一小盏，常令醺醺，以效为度。（《圣惠方》）
阴囊湿痒∶松毛煎汤，频洗。（《简便方》）
松花
【别名】松黄。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
震亨曰∶多食，发上焦热病。
【主治】润心肺，益气，除风止血。亦可酿酒（时珍）。
【发明】恭
颂曰∶花上黄粉，山人及时拂取，作汤点之甚佳。但不堪停久，故鲜用寄远。
时珍曰∶今人收黄和白沙糖印为饼膏，充果饼食之，且难久收，恐轻身疗病之功，未必
胜脂、叶也。
【附方】旧一，新一。
头旋脑肿∶三月收松花并苔（五、六寸如鼠尾者，蒸切）一升，以生绢囊贮，浸三升酒
中五日。空心暖饮五合。（《普济方》）产后壮热，头痛颊赤，口干唇焦，烦渴昏闷∶用松花、
蒲黄、川芎、当归、石膏等分，为末。每服二钱，水二合，红花二捻，同煎七分，细呷。（《本
草衍义》）
根白皮
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】辟谷不饥（《别录》）。补五劳，益气（大明）。
木皮
【别名】赤龙皮。
【主治】痈疽疮口不合，生肌止血，治白秃、杖疮、汤火疮（时珍）。
【附方】新四。
肠风下血∶松木皮，去粗皮，取里白者，切、晒，焙研为末。每服一钱，腊茶汤
下。（《杨氏家藏方》）
三十年痢∶赤松上苍皮一斗，为末。面粥和服一升，日三。不过一斗，救人。（《圣惠
方》）
金疮杖疮∶赤龙鳞（即古松皮）， 存性，研末。搽之，最止痛。（《永类钤方》）
小儿头疮浸湿，名胎风疮∶古松上自有赤浓皮，入豆豉少许，瓦上炒存性，研末，入轻
粉、香油调，涂之。（《经验良方》）
松实 见果部。
艾纳 见草部苔类桑花下。
松蕈 见菜部香蕈下。
（《名医别录》列为上品）
【释名】李时珍说：查阅王安石的《字说》记载：松柏是百木之长。松如同“公”，柏如同“伯”。所以“松”字从“公”，“柏”字从“白”。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：松脂生长在泰山山谷中。六月采集。
苏颂说：松树各地都有。
松叶有两针、五针、七针之分。树龄久了果实就繁茂。中原地区虽有，但不如边塞地区的优良。松脂以通体透明、像乳香颗粒状者为佳。
陈藏器说：松黄就像蒲黄一样，只是味道稍淡。松子多来自海东，如今关右地区也有，但种子细小、味道淡薄。
李时珍说：松树修长高耸，节疤多，树皮粗糙浓密呈鳞片状，叶子凋落得晚。二、三月抽出花穗开花，长四、五寸，采集其花蕊即为松黄。结出的果实形状像猪心，层层叠叠如鳞片砌成，深秋时节种子成熟，鳞片裂开。然而松叶有二针、三针、五针的区别。三针的是栝子松，五针的是松子松。
松子大小如柏子，只有辽海及云南地区的，种子大如巴豆且可食用，称为海松子，详见果部。孙思邈说：松脂以衡山出产的为良。衡山东面五百里，满谷所产的，与天下其他地方的不同。苏轼说：镇定府的松脂也很好。《抱朴子》说：凡是老松树皮内自然积聚的松脂为第一等，胜过凿取及煮制而成的。树根下有伤口、不见日月的部位产生的松脂称为阴脂，尤其好。老松树的余气凝结形成茯苓。千年松脂化为琥珀。《玉策记》说：千年的松树四周枝条翘起，顶端不长，像伞盖一样倾斜。其精气化为青牛、青羊、青犬、青人和伏龟，寿命都达千岁。
松脂
【别名】松膏（《神农本草经》）、松肪（同）。
【修治】陶弘景说：采集炼制松脂的方法，都在服食方中。用桑灰汁或酒煮软，放入冷水中数十次，直到变白滑即可使用。
苏颂说：凡是用松脂，必须先炼制处理。用大锅加水放置蒸笼，用白茅铺垫蒸笼底，再在上面铺一寸厚的黄沙；然后将松脂铺在上面，用桑柴火加热，汤水减少时频繁添加热水。等到松脂全部流入锅中，便取出，投入冷水中，凝固后再蒸，如此重复三次，其色如玉，然后入药使用。
【气味】苦、甘，温，无毒。
雷敩说：甘，平。
朱震亨说：松脂属阳金，能伏汞。
【主治】痈疽恶疮，头部秃疮，疥癣风气，安五脏，除热。
长期服用，轻身不老延年（《神农本草经》）。清除胃中伏热，咽干消渴，风痹死肌。炼制使其变白。红色的松脂，主治恶痹（《名医别录》）。煎制成膏，生肌止痛，排脓抽风。贴敷各种疮疡脓血腐烂处。塞牙孔，杀虫（甄权）。
驱邪下气，润心肺，治耳聋。古方多用其辟谷（大明）。强筋骨，利耳目，治崩漏带下（时珍）。
【发明】陶弘景说：松、柏都有脂润，凌冬不凋。
苏颂说：道人服食，有的配合茯苓、松柏实、菊花做成丸剂，也可以单服。
李时珍说：松叶、松实，是服食所需的；松节、松心，耐久不朽。松脂则是树木的津液精华。在土中不朽；流脂日久，变为琥珀，适宜用来辟谷延龄。葛洪《抱朴子》记载：上党人赵瞿患癞病多年，濒临死亡，家人抛弃他，送进山洞。赵瞿怨恨哭泣经月，有仙人见而怜悯他，给他一囊药。赵瞿服用百余日，疮伤全愈，面色丰悦，肌肤如玉光泽。仙人再次经过，赵瞿感谢活命之恩，乞求药方。仙人说：这是松脂，山中很多。此物你炼制后服用，可以长生不死。赵瞿于是回家长期服用，身体转轻，气力百倍，登危涉险，终日不困。一百多岁，牙齿不脱落，头发不白。夜间睡觉忽然看见屋间有光，大如镜子，许久一室尽明如昼。又看见面上有一个采女，在口鼻之间嬉戏。后来进入抱犊山成为地仙。当时人们听说赵瞿服用此脂，都竞相服用，用车运驴负，积之盈室。不过一个月，未觉大有益处，都停止了。意志不坚定到了这种地步。张杲《医说》中有服松丹的方法。
【附方】旧方七首，新方十七首。
服食辟谷：《千金方》：用松脂十斤，用桑薪灰汁一石，煮五七沸，滤出，在冷水中凝固，再煮，共十遍才变白，细研为散。每次服一、二钱，粥饮调下，每日三次。服用至十两以上，不感到饥饿，饿了再服。一年以后，夜间视物明亮。久服，延年益寿。另一法：百炼松脂过筛，蜜和纳入筒中，勿见风日。每次服一团，一日三次。服用至百日，耐寒暑；二百日，五脏补益；五年，就能见到西王母。
伏虎禅师服法：用松脂十斤，炼制五次，令苦味尽去。每一斤，加入茯苓末四两。每天早晨水服一刀圭，能让人不食，而又延长寿命，身轻清爽。
强筋补益：四圣不老丹：用明松脂一斤，用无灰酒在沙锅内用桑柴火煮数沸，竹枝搅拌至稠，停火，倾入水中结块，再用酒煮九遍，其脂如玉，不苦不涩为止，为细末。用十二两，加入白茯苓末半斤，黄菊花末半斤，柏子仁（去油取霜）半斤，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大。每次空腹好酒送下七十二丸。须选择吉日制作，不要让妇女、鸡、狗接触。
松梅丸：用松脂以长流水、桑柴煮拔三次，再以桑灰滴汁煮七次扯拔，更用好酒煮二次，仍以长流水煮二次，色白不苦为度。每一斤，加入九蒸地黄末十两，乌梅末六两，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每次服七十丸，空腹盐、米汤送下。健阳补中，强筋润肌，大能益人。（白飞霞《方外奇方》）
揩齿固牙：松脂（出自镇定者佳），稀布盛放，入沸汤煮，取浮在水面的投入冷水中（不出来的不用），研末，加入白茯苓末和匀。日用揩齿漱口，也可咽下，固牙驻颜。（苏东坡《仇池笔记》）
历节诸风，百节酸痛不可忍：松脂三十斤，炼制五十遍。用炼酥三升，和松脂三升，搅令极稠。每天早晨空腹酒服方寸匕，每日三次。多吃面粥为佳，慎吃血腥、生冷、酢物、果子，一百日痊愈。（《外台秘要》）
肝虚目泪：炼成松脂一斤，酿米二斗。水七斗，曲二斗，造酒。频饮之。
妇人白带：松香五两，酒二升，煮干，木臼杵细，酒糊丸如梧桐子大。每次服百丸，温酒送下。（《摘玄方》）
小儿秃疮：《简便方》：用松香五钱，猪油一两熬，搽，一日数次，数日即愈。《卫生宝鉴》：用沥青二两，黄蜡……
小儿紧唇：松脂炙化，贴之。（《圣惠方》）
风虫牙痛：刮松上脂，滚水泡化，一漱即止，已试验。（《集简方》）
龋齿有孔：松脂塞，须臾虫从脂出也。（《梅师方》）
久聋不听：炼松脂三两，巴豆一两。和捣成丸。薄绵裹塞，一日二度。（《梅师方》）
一切疮：炼成松脂末，填令满，日三、四度。（《圣惠方》）
一切肿毒：松香八两，铜青二钱，蓖麻仁五钱。同捣作膏，摊贴甚妙。（李楼《奇方》）
软疖频发：翠玉膏：用通明沥青八两，铜绿二两，麻油三钱，雄猪胆汁三个。先溶沥青，乃下油、胆，倾入水中扯拔，器盛。每用，绯帛摊贴，不须再换。小金丝膏：治一切疮疖肿毒。沥青、白胶香各二两，乳香二钱，没药一两，黄蜡三钱，又以香油三钱，同熬至滴下不散，倾入水中，扯千遍收贮。每捻作饼，贴之。
疥癣湿疮：松胶香研细，稍入轻粉。先以油涂疮，糁末在上，一日便干。顽者三、二度愈。（《刘涓子鬼遗方》）
阴囊湿痒欲溃者：用板儿松香为末，纸卷作筒。每根入花椒三粒，浸灯盏内三宿，取出点烧，淋下油搽之。先以米泔洗过。（《简便方》）
金疮出血：沥青末，稍加生铜屑末，糁之，立愈。（唐瑶《经验方》）
猪啮成疮：松脂炼作饼，贴之。（《千金》）
刺入肉中，百理不瘥：松脂流出如乳头香者，敷上以帛裹。三、五日当有根出，不痛不痒，不觉自安。（《兵部……
松节
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】百节久风，风虚脚痹疼痛（《名医别录》）。酿酒，主脚弱，骨节风（陶弘景）。炒焦，治筋骨间病，能燥血中之湿。
【发明】李时珍说：松节，是松树的骨头。质地坚硬气劲，久亦不朽，所以筋骨间风湿诸病宜用之。
【附方】旧方二首，新方五首。
历节风痛，四肢如解脱：松节酒：用二十斤，酒五斗，浸三、七日。每次服一合，每日五、六服。（《外台》）
转筋挛急：松节一两（锉如米大），乳香一钱，银石器慢火炒焦，存一、二分性，出火毒，研末。每次服一、二钱，热木瓜酒调下。一应筋病皆治之。（孙用和《秘宝方》）
风热牙痛：《圣惠方》：用油松节如枣大一块（碎切），胡椒七颗，入烧酒，须二、三盏，乘热入飞过白矾少许，噙漱三、五口，立瘥。又用松节二两，槐白皮、地骨皮各一两，浆水煎汤。热漱冷吐，瘥乃止。
反胃吐食：松节煎酒，细饮之。（《百一方》）
阴毒腹痛：油松木七块炒焦，冲酒二钟，热服。（《集简方》）
颠扑伤损：松节煎酒服。（谈野翁方）
【主治】疮疥及马牛疮（苏恭）。
松叶
【别名】松毛。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】风湿疮，生毛发，安五脏，守中，不饥延年（《名医别录》）。细切，以水及面饮服之，或捣屑丸服，可断谷及治恶疾（陶弘景）。炙，治冻疮风湿疮，佳（大明）。去风痛脚痹，杀米虫（时珍）。
【附方】旧方六首，新方三首。
服食松叶：松叶细切更研，每日食前以酒调下二钱，亦可煮汁作粥食。初服稍难，久则自便矣。令人不老，身生绿毛，轻身益气。久服不已，绝谷不饥不渴。（《圣惠方》）
天行温疫：松叶，细切，酒服方寸匕，日三服。能辟五年瘟。（《伤寒类要》）
中风口喎：青松叶一斤捣汁，清酒一斗，浸二宿，近火一宿。初服半升，渐至一升，头面汗出即止。（《千金方》）
三年中风：松叶一斤。细切，以酒一斗，煮取三升。顿服，汗出立瘥。（《千金方》）
历节风痛：松叶（捣汁）一升。以酒三升，浸七日。服一合，日三服。（《千金方》）
香港脚风痹：松叶酒：治十二风痹不能行，服更生散数剂，及众疗不得力，服此一剂，便能行远，不过两剂。松叶六十斤细锉，以水四石，煮取四斗九升，以米五斗，酿如常法。别煮松叶汁以渍米并饭，泥酿封头，七日发，澄饮之取醉。得此酒力者甚众。（《千金方》）
风牙肿痛：松叶一握，盐一合，酒二升煎漱。（《圣惠方》）
大风恶疮：猪鬃松叶二斤，麻黄（去节）五两。锉，以生绢袋盛，清酒二斗浸之，春夏五日，秋冬七日。每温服一小盏，常令醺醺，以效为度。（《圣惠方》）
阴囊湿痒：松毛煎汤，频洗。（《简便方》）
松花
【别名】松黄。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
朱震亨说：多食，发上焦热病。
【主治】润心肺，益气，除风止血。亦可酿酒（时珍）。
【发明】苏恭……
苏颂说：花上黄粉，山人及时拂取，作汤点之甚佳。但不堪停久，故鲜用寄远。
李时珍说：今人收黄和白沙糖印为饼膏，充果饼食之，且难久收，恐轻身疗病之功，未必胜脂、叶也。
【附方】旧方一首，新方一首。
头旋脑肿：三月收松花并苔（五、六寸如鼠尾者，蒸切）一升，以生绢囊贮，浸三升酒中五日。空心暖饮五合。（《普济方》）
产后壮热，头痛颊赤，口干唇焦，烦渴昏闷：用松花、蒲黄、川芎、当归、石膏等分，为末。每次服二钱，水二合，红花二捻，同煎七分，细呷。（《本草衍义》）
根白皮
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
【主治】辟谷不饥（《名医别录》）。补五劳，益气（大明）。
木皮
【别名】赤龙皮。
【主治】痈疽疮口不合，生肌止血，治白秃、杖疮、汤火疮（时珍）。
【附方】新方四首。
肠风下血：松木皮，去粗皮，取里白者，切、晒，焙研为末。每次服一钱，腊茶汤下。（《杨氏家藏方》）
三十年痢：赤松上苍皮一斗，为末。面粥和服一升，日三。不过一斗，救人。（《圣惠方》）
金疮杖疮：赤龙鳞（即古松皮），存性，研末。搽之，最止痛。（《永类钤方》）
小儿头疮浸湿，名胎风疮：古松上自有赤浓皮，入豆豉少许，瓦上炒存性，研末，入轻粉、香油调，涂之。（《经验良方》）
松实 见果部。
艾纳 见草部苔类桑花下。
松蕈 见菜部香蕈下。
(Superior Grade in *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Li Shizhen says: According to Wang Anshi's *Zi Shuo*, pine and cypress are the leaders of all trees. "Song" (pine) is like "Gong" (Duke), and "Bai" (cypress) is like "Bo" (Count). Therefore, "Song" contains the radical "Gong", and "Bai" contains the radical "Bai".
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* states: Pine resin grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. It is harvested in June.
Su Song says: Pines grow everywhere.
Their needles come in two-needle, five-needle, and seven-needle varieties. As the tree ages, the cones become abundant. Although pines exist in the Central Plains, those from the frontier regions are superior. Pine resin that is transparent and resembles grains of frankincense is considered the best.
Chen Zangqi says: Pine pollen is similar to cattail pollen but has a milder taste. Pine nuts mostly come from east of the sea; although they are now found in the Guan region, they are small and have a thin flavor.
Li Shizhen says: Pine trees are tall and slender with many knots. The bark is thick and rough, resembling scales, and the leaves remain green late into the year. In February and March, flower spikes emerge and bloom, growing four to five inches long. The stamens are collected to make pine pollen. The fruit resembles a pig's heart, layered like scales, and splits open in late autumn when the seeds mature. However, there are differences in needle count: two-needle, three-needle, and five-needle varieties. The three-needle variety is called Guazi pine, and the five-needle variety is called Songzi pine.
The seeds are as large as cypress seeds. Only those from Liaohai and Yunnan are as large as croton seeds and edible, known as Haishengzi (Sea Pine Nuts); see the Fruit Section for details. Sun Simiao says: Pine resin from Mount Heng is excellent. Five hundred li east of Mount Heng, the resin produced throughout the valley differs from that elsewhere. Su Shi says: Pine resin from Zhending is also good. *Baopuzi* states: Naturally accumulated resin inside old pine bark is the first grade, superior to chipped or boiled resin. Resin from root wounds shielded from sunlight is called Yin Zhi (Yin Resin) and is particularly good. The residual qi of old pines condenses to form Poria (Fu Ling). Pine resin that has existed for a thousand years transforms into amber. *Yu Ce Ji* states: A thousand-year-old pine has branches curling upwards on all sides, with the top not growing straight but leaning like an umbrella canopy. Its essence transforms into green oxen, sheep, dogs, humans, and tortoises, all living for a thousand years.
Pine Resin (Song Zhi)
[Aliases] Song Gao (*Ben Jing*), Song Fang (same).
[Preparation] Tao Hongjing says: The methods for collecting and refining pine resin are found in dietary regimens. Boil it soft with ash lye from mulberry wood or wine, then place it in cold water dozens of times until it becomes white and smooth, at which point it is usable.
Su Song says: Pine resin must be refined before use. Place a large cauldron with water over a steamer lined with white cogon grass, topped with a layer of yellow sand about one inch thick. Spread the pine resin on top and heat with mulberry firewood, frequently adding hot water as the liquid reduces. Once the resin flows completely into the cauldron, remove it and throw it into cold water. After solidifying, steam it again. Repeat this process three times until it is white as jade, then use it.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Lei Xiao says: Sweet, neutral.
Zhu Zhenheng says: Pine resin belongs to Yang Metal and can subdue mercury.
[Indications] Carbuncles, sores, malignant ulcers, scalp tinea capitis, scabies, wind-dampness; calms the Five Viscera, clears heat.
Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life (*Ben Jing*). Clears latent heat in the stomach, dry throat, polydipsia, wind-bi with dead muscle tissue. Refining makes it white. Red pine resin treats severe bi-syndrome (*Bie Lu*). When decocted into a plaster, it generates flesh, stops pain, drains pus, and draws out wind. Applied to ulcerated sores with pus and blood. Plugged into tooth holes to kill parasites (Zhen Quan).
Disperses evil qi, directs qi downward, moistens lungs and heart, treats deafness. Ancient formulas often used it for Bigu (grain avoidance). Strengthens sinews and bones, benefits ears and eyes, treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing says: Both pine and cypress possess resinous moisture and do not shed leaves in winter.
Su Song says: Daoists consume it, sometimes combining it with Poria, pine/cypress fruits, and chrysanthemum to make pills, or taking it alone.
Li Shizhen says: Pine needles and pine nuts are required for dietary regimens; pine joints and pine hearts are durable and indestructible. Pine resin is the sap and essence of the tree. It does not rot in the soil; after flowing for a long time, it becomes amber, making it suitable for Bigu and longevity. Ge Hong's *Baopuzi* records: Zhao Qu from Shangdang suffered from leprosy for years and was near death. His family abandoned him in a cave. Crying for a month, he was seen by an immortal who pitied him and gave him a bag of medicine. After taking it for over a hundred days, his sores healed completely, his complexion became rosy, and his skin shone like jade. When the immortal returned, Zhao Qu thanked him for saving his life and asked for the prescription. The immortal said: This is pine resin, abundant in the mountains. Refine and take it, and you will live forever. Zhao Qu returned home and took it long-term. His body became lighter, his strength increased a hundredfold, and he could climb dangers and traverse risks without fatigue. Over a hundred years old, his teeth did not fall out, nor did his hair turn white. One night, he saw a light in his room, mirror-sized, eventually illuminating the whole room like daylight. He also saw a maiden playing between his mouth and nose. Later, he entered Baodu Mountain and became a terrestrial immortal. Hearing of Zhao Qu's success, people competed to take it, transporting it by cart and donkey until rooms were full. Within a month, perceiving no great benefit, they stopped. Their willpower was so weak. Zhang Gao's *Yi Shuo* contains methods for taking Song Dan (Pine Pill).
[Attached Formulas] Seven old, seventeen new.
For Bigu: *Qianjin Fang*: Use ten jin of pine resin, boil with one dan of mulberry ash lye for five to seven boils, strain, solidify in cold water, and boil again. Repeat ten times until white, grind finely into powder. Take one or two qian each time, mixed with porridge drink, three times daily. After consuming over ten liang, hunger ceases; if hungry, take again. After one year, vision improves at night. Long-term use prolongs life. Another method: Refined pine resin sifted fine, mixed with honey, stored in tubes away from wind and sun. Take one pill three times daily. After one hundred days, resistance to cold and heat increases; after two hundred days, the Five Viscera are nourished; after five years, one may see the Queen Mother of the West.
Fuhu Chan Master's Method: Ten jin of pine resin, refined five times until bitter taste disappears. For every jin, add four liang of Poria powder. Take one Dao Gui each morning with water. It enables fasting while extending life, making the body light and refreshing.
Strengthen Sinews and Bones: Six Saints' Anti-Aging Pill: One jin of clear pine resin, boiled in unadulterated wine in a clay pot over mulberry fire for several boils. Stir with bamboo branch until thick, stop fire, pour into water to form blocks, then boil in wine nine times until resin is like jade, neither bitter nor astringent. Grind into fine powder. Take twelve liang, add half a jin of white Poria powder, half a jin of yellow chrysanthemum powder, half a jin of Cypress Seed (oil removed, frost taken), mix with refined honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take seventy-two pills with good wine on an empty stomach. Choose an auspicious day for preparation; avoid contact with women, chickens, and dogs.
Song-Mei Pill: Pine resin boiled three times in running water with mulberry firewood, then boiled seven times with mulberry ash lye and pulled. Boiled twice with good wine, then twice more with running water, until white and not bitter. For every jin, add ten liang of Nine-Steamed Rehmannia powder, six liang of Dark Plum powder, mix with refined honey to make paulownia-seed-sized pills. Take seventy pills with salt and rice water on an empty stomach. Benefits Yang, tonifies Middle, strengthens sinews, moistens skin, greatly beneficial. (Bai Feixia, *Fang Wai Qi Fang*)
Teeth Cleaning and Strengthening: Pine resin (best from Zhending), placed in thin cloth, boiled in boiling water. Take what floats, put in cold water (discard what doesn't float), grind to powder, mix with white Poria powder. Use daily to brush teeth and rinse mouth; can be swallowed to strengthen teeth and preserve youth. (Su Dongpo, *Qiuchi Biji*)
Lijie Wind Pain, unbearable pain in all joints: Thirty jin of pine resin, refined fifty times. Mix with three sheng of refined butter and three sheng of pine resin, stir until very thick. Take one Fang Cun Bi with wine on an empty stomach every morning, three times daily. Diet should consist mainly of noodles and porridge; avoid meat, raw/cold foods, sour items, and fruits. Cured in one hundred days. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Liver Deficiency with Tearing: One jin of refined pine resin, ferment with two dou of rice. Add seven dou of water and two dou of yeast to brew wine. Drink frequently.
Women's Leukorrhea: Five liang of Rosin, two sheng of wine, boiled dry. Pound in wooden mortar, mix with wine paste to make paulownia-seed-sized pills. Take one hundred pills with warm wine. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Infant Scalp Sores: *Jian Bian Fang*: Five qian of Rosin, one liang of lard, melted and applied several times a day; heals in a few days. *Wei Sheng Bao Jian*: Two liang of Asphalt, Yellow Beeswax...
Infant Tight Lips: Melt pine resin with heat and apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Wind-Worm Toothache: Scrape resin from pine, dissolve in boiling water, rinse mouth once to stop pain. Tested. (*Ji Jian Fang*)
Caries with Holes: Plug with pine resin; worms exit through the resin shortly. (*Mei Shi Fang*)
Long-standing Deafness: Three liang of refined pine resin, one liang of Croton Seed. Pound together into pills. Wrap thinly in silk, insert into ear, twice daily. (*Mei Shi Fang*)
All Sores: Fill cavity with refined pine resin powder, three to four times daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
All Swelling and Toxicity: Eight liang of Rosin, two qian of Copper Green, five qian of Castor Bean. Pound together into a plaster, apply. Excellent. (Li Lou, *Qi Fang*)
Frequent Soft Boils: Cuiyu Gao: Eight liang of transparent asphalt, two liang of Copper Green, three qian of Sesame Oil, three gallbladders from male pigs. Melt asphalt first, add oil and bile, pour into water and pull/store in vessel. Apply with red silk bandage, no need to change. Xiaojinsi Gao: Treats all sores and swelling. Two liang each of Asphalt and White Collophony, two qian of Frankincense, one liang of Myrrh, three qian of Yellow Beeswax, three qian of Sesame Oil. Boil together until drops do not scatter, pour into water, pull a thousand times, store. Shape into cakes and apply.
Tinea and Damp Sores: Fine powder of Pine Rosin, add a little Calomel. First apply oil to sore, sprinkle powder on top; dries in one day. Stubborn cases heal in three or four applications. (*Liu Juanzi Guiyi Fang*)
Scrotal Damp Itch Threatening Ulceration: Powder Ban'er Rosin, roll in paper into tubes. Insert three Sichuan peppercorns into each tube, soak in lamp dish for three nights, remove, burn, collect dripping oil for application. Wash with rice water first. (*Jian Bian Fang*)
Metal Wound Bleeding: Asphalt powder, add a little raw copper scrap powder, sprinkle on wound; heals immediately. (Tang Yao, *Jingyan Fang*)
Dog Bite Sores: Refine pine resin into cakes and apply. (*Qianjin*)
Splinter Embedded, All Remedies Fail: Pine resin flowing like nipple incense, apply and wrap with silk. In three to five days, the root will emerge; painless and itchless, comfort returns naturally. (*Bingbu...*
Pine Joint (Song Jie)
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Chronic wind in all joints, wind-deficiency leg bi-pain (*Bie Lu*). Made into wine, treats weak legs and joint wind (Hongjing). Charred, treats diseases between sinews and bones, dries dampness in blood.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: Pine joint is the bone of the pine. Hard and strong, indestructible over time, thus suitable for wind-dampness in sinews and bones.
[Attached Formulas] Two old, five new.
Lijie Wind Pain, limbs feeling detached: Songjie Wine: Twenty jin of pine joints, five dou of wine, steep for three to seven days. Take one ge five to six times daily. (*Waitai*)
Muscle Cramps and Spasms: One liang of Pine Joint (crushed to rice size), one qian of Frankincense. Slow-fire roast in silver/copper vessel until charred, retaining slight potency, remove fire toxicity, grind to powder. Take one or two qian with hot papaya wine. Treats all tendon diseases. (Sun Yonghe, *Mibao Fang*)
Wind-Heat Toothache: *Shenghui Fang*: One date-sized piece of Oil Pine Joint (crushed), seven peppercorns, add burning wine (two to three zhan). While hot, add a little calcined alum, hold in mouth and rinse three to five times, heals immediately. Alternatively, two liang of Pine Joint, one liang each of Sophora Bark and Cortex Lycii, decoct in sour rice water. Rinse hot, spit out cold; stop when cured.
Regurgitation and Vomiting: Decoct Pine Joint in wine, sip slowly. (*Bai Yi Fang*)
Yin Toxin Abdominal Pain: Seven pieces of Oil Pine Wood roasted charred, mix with two zhong of wine, take hot. (*Ji Jian Fang*)
Fall Injury: Decoct Pine Joint in wine and take. (Tan Yeweng Formula)
[Indications] Sores, scabies, and sores in horses/cattle (Su Gong).
Pine Needle (Song Ye)
[Alias] Song Mao.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Wind-damp sores, promotes hair growth, calms Five Viscera, stabilizes Middle, prevents hunger, prolongs life (*Bie Lu*). Finely cut, decocted with water and flour or pounded into pills, can enable grain avoidance and treat malignant diseases (Hongjing). Roasted, treats frostbite and wind-damp sores, excellent (Daming). Dispels wind-pain and leg bi, kills rice weevils (Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Six old, three new.
Taking Pine Needles: Finely cut and ground, take two qian mixed with wine before meals daily, or decoct into porridge. Initially difficult, becomes easy over time. Prevents aging, grows green hair on body, lightens body, boosts Qi. Long-term use leads to grain avoidance without hunger or thirst. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Epidemic Warmth: Finely cut pine needles, take one Fang Cun Bi with wine, three times daily. Prevents five-year plagues. (*Shanghan Leiyao*)
Stroke with Mouth Deviation: One jin of fresh pine needles, juice extracted, steeped in one dou of clear wine for two nights, then heated near fire for one night. Start with half sheng, gradually increase to one sheng; stop when sweat appears on head and face. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Three-Year Stroke: One jin of pine needles, finely cut, decoct in one dou of wine to yield three sheng. Take at once; sweat appears and heals immediately. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Lijie Wind Pain: One sheng of pine needle juice, steep in three sheng of wine for seven days. Take one ge, three times daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Gout/Bi-Pain: Songye Wine: Treats inability to walk due to twelve types of wind-bi. After other remedies fail, this allows walking far, within two doses. Sixty jin of finely chopped pine needles, decoct in four shi of water to yield four dou nine sheng. Ferment with five dou of rice normally. Decoct pine needle juice separately to soak rice and cook meal. Seal fermentation jar with mud, ferment seven days, clarify and drink to intoxication. Many have benefited from this wine. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Wind-Tooth Swelling: One handful of pine needles, one ge of salt, two sheng of wine, decoct and rinse. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Great Wind Malignant Sores: Two jin of Pig-Hair Pine Needles, five liang of Ephedra (nodes removed). Chopped, placed in raw silk bag, steeped in two dou of clear wine. Five days in spring/summer, seven days in autumn/winter. Take one small cup warm, keep slightly intoxicated until effective. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Scrotal Damp Itch: Decoct pine needles in water, wash frequently. (*Jian Bian Fang*)
Pine Flower (Song Hua)
[Alias] Song Huang.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Zhu Zhenheng says: Excessive consumption causes upper-jiao heat disease.
[Indications] Moistens lungs and heart, tonifies Qi, dispels wind, stops bleeding. Can also be made into wine (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Gong...
Su Song says: The yellow powder on flowers is brushed off by mountain dwellers in time and made into tea; very good. But it cannot be stored long, so rarely sent far.
Li Shizhen says: Nowadays, people collect the powder, mix with white rock sugar, press into cakes/pastes for snacks. Hard to store long-term; its benefits for lightening body and treating illness may not surpass resin or needles.
[Attached Formulas] One old, one new.
Vertigo and Brain Swelling: Collect pine flowers and moss (five to six inches, mouse-tail like, steamed and cut) in March. Store in raw silk bag, steep in three sheng of wine for five days. Drink five he warm on empty stomach. (*Puji Fang*)
Postpartum High Fever, Headache, Red Cheeks, Dry Mouth/Lips, Thirst, Confusion: Equal parts Pine Flower, Cattail Pollen, Ligusticum, Angelica, Gypsum. Grind to powder. Take two qian with two he of water, two pinches of Safflower, decoct to seven tenths, sip slowly. (*Bencao Yanyi*)
Root White Bark
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Bigu, prevents hunger (*Bie Lu*). Tonifies Five Exhaustions, benefits Qi (Daming).
Wood Bark
[Alias] Chilog Pi.
[Indications] Carbuncle/ulcer wounds that won't close, generates flesh, stops bleeding, treats tinea capitis, beating injuries, burns/scalds (Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Four new.
Intestinal Wind Bloody Stool: Remove coarse bark from pine wood, take inner white part, cut, dry, roast, grind to powder. Take one qian with wax tea soup. (*Yangshi Jiacang Fang*)
Thirty-Year Dysentery: One dou of upper苍 (蒼) bark from red pine, grind to powder. Mix with noodle porridge, take one sheng, three times daily. One dou saves lives. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Metal Wounds/Beating Injuries: Chilog Lin (ancient pine bark), preserved nature, grind to powder. Apply, best for pain relief. (*Yonglei Qianfang*)
Infant Scalp Sores Wetting, Named Taifeng Chuang: Natural red thick bark from ancient pine, add a little fermented soybean, roast on tile preserving nature, grind to powder, mix with Calomel and sesame oil, apply. (*Jingyan Liangfang*)
Pine Nut See Fruit Section.
Aina See Grass Section, Moss Category under Mulberry Flower.
Pine Mushroom See Vegetable Section, Fragrant Mushroom Category.