（音又。《日华》）
【释名】 （与柚同）、条（《尔雅》）、壶柑（《唐本》）、臭橙（《食性》）、朱栾。
时珍曰∶柚，色油然，其状如卣，故名。壶亦象形。今人呼其黄而小者为蜜筒，正此意
也。其大者谓之朱栾，亦取团栾之象。最大者谓之香栾。《尔雅》谓之 （音废），又曰 （
音贾）。《广雅》谓之镭柚，镭亦壶也。《桂海志》谓之臭柚，皆一物。但以大小、古今方
言称呼不同耳。
【集解】恭曰∶柚皮浓味甘，不似橘皮薄味辛而苦。其肉亦如橘，有甘有酸，酸者名壶
柑。今俗人谓橙为柚，非矣。案∶《吕氏春秋》云∶果之美者，江浦之橘，云梦之柚。郭璞
云∶柚出江南，似橙而实酢，大如橘。禹贡云∶扬州厥包橘、柚。孔安国云∶小曰橘，大曰
柚，皆为柑也。
颂曰∶闽中、岭外、江南皆有柚，比橘黄，白色而大。襄、唐间柚，色青黄而实小。其
味皆酢，皮浓，不堪入药。
时珍曰∶柚，树、叶皆似橙。其实有大、小二种∶小者如柑、如橙；大者如瓜、如升，
有围及尺余者，亦橙之类也。今人呼为朱栾，形色圆正，都类柑、橙。但皮浓而粗，其味甘
，其气臭，其瓣坚而酸恶不可食，其花甚香。南人种其核，长成以接柑、橘，云甚良也。盖
橙乃橘属，故其皮皱浓而香，味苦而辛；柚乃柑属，故其皮粗浓而臭，味甘而辛。如此分，
柚与橙、橘自明矣。郭璞云∶ ，大柚也。实大如盏，皮浓二、三寸，子似枳，食之少味。
范成大云∶广南臭柚大如瓜，可食，其皮甚浓，染墨打碑，可代毡刷，且不损纸也。《列子
》云∶吴越之间有木焉，其名为 。碧树而冬青，实丹而味酸。食其皮汁，已愤厥之疾。渡
淮而北，化而为枳。此言地气之不同如此。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。
【主治】消食，解酒毒，治饮酒人口气，去肠胃中恶气，疗妊妇不思食、口淡（大明）。
皮
【气味】甘、辛，平，无毒。
【正误】时珍曰∶案∶沈括《笔谈》云∶《本草》言橘皮苦，柚皮甘，误矣。柚皮极苦，
不
【主治】下气。宜食，不入药（弘景）。消食快膈，散愤懑之气，化痰（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
痰气咳嗽∶用香栾，去核，切，砂瓶内浸酒，封固一夜，煮烂，蜜拌匀，时时含咽。
叶
【主治】头风痛，同葱白捣，贴太阳穴（时珍）。
花
【主治】蒸麻油作香泽面脂，长发润燥（时珍）。
（音“又”。出自《日华子本草》）
【释名】 （与柚同义）、条（出自《尔雅》）、壶柑（出自《唐本草》）、臭橙（出自《食性本草》）、朱栾。
李时珍说：柚，颜色油亮，形状像卣（古代一种盛酒的器皿），所以叫柚。“壶”也是取其象形之意。现在人们称其中黄色且较小的为蜜筒，正是这个意思。其中较大的称为朱栾，也是取团圆之象。最大的称为香栾。《尔雅》中称之为 （音“废”），又称 （音“贾”）。《广雅》中称之为镭柚，“镭”也是壶的意思。《桂海志》中称之为臭柚，这些都是指同一种事物，只是因大小、古今及方言称呼不同而已。
【集解】苏恭说：柚皮厚味甜，不像橘皮薄而味辛且苦。柚肉也像橘，有甘有酸，酸的称为壶柑。现在普通人把橙称为柚，这是错误的。据《吕氏春秋》记载：美味的果实，有江浦的橘和云梦的柚。郭璞说：柚产于江南，形状像橙但果实味酸，大小如橘。《尚书·禹贡》记载：扬州进贡包裹好的橘和柚。孔安国说：小的叫橘，大的叫柚，都属于柑类。
苏颂说：福建、岭南、江南都有柚，比橘黄，白色且大。襄阳、唐州一带的柚，色青黄且果实小。其味道都偏酸，皮厚，不适合入药。
李时珍说：柚的树和叶都像橙。其实果有大、小两种：小的像柑、像橙；大的像瓜、像升，有的周长超过一尺，也属于橙的一类。现在人称为朱栾，形色圆润端正，都很像柑、橙。但皮厚且粗糙，味甘，气味臭，果肉瓣坚硬且酸涩难吃，花却很香。南方人种植其种子，长成后用来嫁接柑、橘，据说效果很好。大概橙属于橘属，所以皮皱厚且香，味苦辛；柚属于柑属，所以皮粗厚且臭，味甘辛。这样区分，柚与橙、橘的区别就自然清楚了。郭璞说： ，是大柚。果实大如盏，皮厚二、三寸，籽像枳，吃起来味道很少。范成大说：广南地区的臭柚大如瓜，可食用，皮很厚，染墨拓碑，可以代替毡刷，而且不损伤纸张。《列子》说：吴越之间有棵树，名叫 。碧绿的树干冬天常青，红色的果实味酸。吃它的皮和汁，可以治愈愤懑厥逆的疾病。渡过淮河向北，就变化为枳。这说明地气不同造成的差异如此之大。
【主治】消食，解酒毒，治疗饮酒人口臭，去除肠胃中的恶气，治疗孕妇食欲不振、口淡无味（出自《大明本草》）。
【气味】甘、辛，平，无毒。
【正误】李时珍说：据沈括《笔谈》记载：《本草》中说橘皮苦，柚皮甘，这是错误的。柚皮极苦，不
【主治】下气。适宜食用，不入药（出自陶弘景）。消食宽胸膈，发散愤懑之气，化痰（李时珍）。
【附方】新方一则。
(Yin "you". From *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*).
[Names] (Same as You), Tiao (from *Er Ya*), Hu Gan (from *Tang Ben Cao*), Chou Cheng (from *Shi Xing Ben Cao*), Zhu Luan.
Li Shizhen said: You, with its oily color and shape resembling a You (an ancient wine vessel), is thus named. "Hu" also takes its form from the shape. Nowadays, people call the yellow and smaller ones Mi Tong, which is exactly this meaning. The larger ones are called Zhu Luan, also taking the image of roundness. The largest are called Xiang Luan. In *Er Ya*, it is referred to as (yin "fei"), and also as (yin "jia"). In *Guang Ya*, it is called Lei You, where "Lei" also means pot/hu. In *Gui Hai Zhi*, it is called Chou You; all refer to the same thing, differing only in size, historical period, and dialectal names.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong said: You peel is thick and sweet, unlike Ju peel which is thin, pungent, and bitter. Its flesh is like that of Ju, having both sweet and sour varieties; the sour ones are named Hu Gan. Nowadays, common people mistakenly call Cheng as You. According to *Lü Shi Chun Qiu*: Among delicious fruits are the Ju of Jiang Pu and the You of Yun Meng. Guo Pu said: You grows in the south of the Yangtze, resembling Cheng but with sour fruit, and is as large as Ju. *Yu Gong* states: Yangzhou offers wrapped Ju and You. Kong Anguo said: Small ones are Ju, large ones are You, both belonging to the Gan category.
Su Song said: You is found in Minzhong, Lingwai, and Jiangnan, being yellower than Ju, white, and large. You from Xiang and Tang regions is greenish-yellow and small-fruited. All taste sour, have thick peels, and are unsuitable for medicinal use.
Li Shizhen said: The tree and leaves of You resemble those of Cheng. There are two sizes of fruit: small ones resemble Gan and Cheng; large ones resemble melons or Sheng (a measure), some exceeding one chi in circumference, also belonging to the Cheng category. Nowadays called Zhu Luan, they are round and upright in shape, resembling Gan and Cheng. However, the peel is thick and rough, the taste is sweet, the odor is foul, the segments are hard and sour/unpalatable, while the flowers are very fragrant. Southerners plant its seeds and use the grown trees to graft onto Gan and Ju, claiming excellent results. Generally, Cheng belongs to the Ju genus, hence its wrinkled, thick, fragrant peel with bitter and pungent taste; You belongs to the Gan genus, hence its coarse, thick, odorous peel with sweet and pungent taste. With such distinction, the differences between You, Cheng, and Ju become clear. Guo Pu said: , refers to large You. Fruit as large as a cup, peel two to three cun thick, seeds resembling Zhi, eating it yields little flavor. Fan Chengda said: In Guangnan, Chou You is as large as a melon, edible, with very thick peel; dyed with ink for rubbing steles, it can replace felt brushes without damaging paper. *Lie Zi* says: Between Wu and Yue there is a tree named . It has a green trunk evergreen in winter, red fruit, and sour taste. Eating its peel and juice cures Fen Jue disease (anger-induced fainting). Crossing the Huai River northward, it transforms into Zhi. This illustrates how different local climates cause such changes.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Promotes digestion, resolves alcohol toxicity, treats halitosis in drinkers, removes evil qi from the intestines and stomach, treats anorexia and bland taste in mouth during pregnancy (from *Da Ming Ben Cao*).
Peel of You
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Correction of Errors] Li Shizhen said: According to Shen Kuo's *Bi Tan*: The statement in *Ben Cao* that Ju peel is bitter and You peel is sweet is incorrect. You peel is extremely bitter, not
[Therapeutic Actions] Directs Qi downward. Suitable for dietary use, not for medicinal decoction (from Tao Hongjing). Promotes digestion and relieves chest fullness, disperses pent-up anger/qi, resolves phlegm (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] New prescription one.
Cough due to Phlegm-Qi Stagnation: Use Xiang Luan, remove seeds, slice, soak in wine in a clay jar, seal tightly overnight, boil until soft, mix with honey, hold in mouth and swallow slowly from time to time.
Leaves of You
[Therapeutic Actions] Head wind pain: Crush together with scallion white, apply to Taiyang acupoint (Li Shizhen).
Flowers of You
[Therapeutic Actions] Steamed with sesame oil to make fragrant hair pomade, promotes hair growth and moistens dryness (Li Shizhen).