（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶海燕出东海。大一寸，状扁面圆，背上青黑，腹下白脆，似海螵蛸，
有纹如蕈茵。口在腹下，食细沙。口旁有五路正勾，即其足也。《临海水土记》云∶阳遂足
，生海中。背青黑，腹白，有五足，长短大小皆等，不知头尾所在。生时体软，死即干脆。
即此物也。《临海异物志》载∶燕鱼长五寸，阴雨则飞起丈余，此或同名者也。
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】阴雨发损痛，煮汁服，取汗即解。亦入滋阴药
（《海药》）
【集解】 曰∶
中，雌雄相逐，逡巡便合，即下卵如粟状者，真也。亦难得之物。
时珍曰∶顾 《海槎录》云∶相思子状如螺，中实如石，大如豆。藏箧笥积岁不坏。若
置醋中，即盘旋不已。按此即郎君子也。
【气味】缺。
【主治】妇人难产，手把之便生，极验。
李时珍曰∶二足而羽曰禽。师旷《禽经》云∶羽虫三百六十，毛协四时，色合
禽岩栖，原鸟地处。林鸟朝嘲，水鸟夜 。山禽 短而尾修，
以尾 ，或以睛睨，或以声音，或合异类（雉、孔与蛇交之类）。其生也，或以翼孚卵，或
以同气变（鹰化鸠之类）。或以异类化，（田鼠
噫！物理万殊若此，学人其可不致知乎？五鸠九扈，少 取以名官。雄雉鸱 ，诗人得之观
感。
厥旨微矣。不妖夭，不
巢。
圣人之于物也，用舍仁杀之意，夫岂徒然哉？记曰∶天产作阳。羽类则阳中之阳，大抵多养
阳。于是集其可供庖药及毒恶当知者，为禽部，凡七十七种。分为四类∶曰水，曰原，曰林，
曰山。旧本禽部三品，共五十六种。今并入一种，自兽部移入一种，虫部移入一种，有名未
用移入一种。
《神农本草经》四种（梁陶弘景注） 《名医别录》一
草》二种（唐苏恭） 《本草
张鼎） 《开宝本草》一种
一种
纲目》五种（明李时珍）
附注∶魏李当之《药录》 《吴普本草》 宋雷 《炮炙》 齐
权《药性》 萧炳《四声》 唐李 《海药》 孙思邈《千金》 杨
陈士良《食性》 蜀韩保升《重注》 宋寇宗 《衍义》 唐慎微
张元素《珍珠囊》 元李杲《法象》 王好古《汤液》 吴瑞《日用》 朱震亨《补遗》 明
徐用诚《发挥》 宁源《食鉴》
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：海燕产于东海。体大一寸，形状扁圆，背部青黑色，腹部白色且脆，外形像海螵蛸（乌贼骨），有类似菌盖的纹路。口位于腹部下方，以细沙为食。口旁有五道正勾，这就是它的脚。《临海水土记》记载：阳遂足，生长在海中。背部青黑，腹部白色，有五只脚，长短大小都相等，不知道头和尾在哪里。活着的时候身体柔软，死后就变得干脆。就是这种动物。《临海异物志》记载：燕鱼长五寸，阴雨天气就会飞起一丈多高，这或许是同名的物种。
【气味】味咸，性温，无毒。
【主治】阴雨天引发的损伤疼痛，煮汁服用，出汗后即可缓解。也可用于滋阴药物中。
（《海药本草》）
【集解】 曰：
在水中，雌雄相互追逐，不久便交配，随即产下如粟米状的卵，这才是真的。也是难得之物。
李时珍说：顾 《海槎录》记载：相思子形状像螺，中间实心像石头，大小如豆。收藏在箱柜中多年不坏。如果放在醋中，就会不停盘旋。按此说法，这就是郎君子。
【气味】缺失。
【主治】妇人难产，用手拿着它便能顺利生产，非常灵验。
李时珍说：长着两只脚且有羽毛的叫作禽。师旷的《禽经》记载：羽虫三百六十种，毛发配合四季，颜色符合……禽类栖息于岩石，原野鸟类居于地面。林鸟早晨鸣叫，水鸟夜晚鸣叫。山禽短而尾巴长，用尾巴……或者用眼睛斜视，或者用声音，或者与异类结合（如雉、孔雀与蛇交配之类）。它们的出生，有的靠翅膀孵化卵，有的由同类变化而来（如鹰化为鸠之类）。有的由异类变化而来（田鼠变为鹌鹑等）。唉！事物的原理如此千差万别，求学的人怎能不深入探究呢？五鸠九扈，少取来作为官职的名称。雄雉鸱鸮，诗人从中获得观感启示。其中的旨意微妙啊。不妖艳，不……巢穴。圣人对于万物，使用或舍弃、仁爱或杀戮的心意，难道是随意的吗？记载说：天产的生物产生阳气。羽类则是阳中之阳，大抵多滋养阳气。于是收集其中可供厨房烹饪、入药以及有毒恶应当知晓的，列为禽部，共七十七种。分为四类：曰水，曰原，曰林，曰山。旧本禽部三品，共五十六种。现在并入一种，从兽部移入一种，从虫部移入一种，有名未用的移入一种。
《神农本草经》四种（梁代陶弘景注） 《名医别录》一种 《新修本草》二种（唐代苏恭） 《开宝本草》一种 《证类本草》五种（明代李时珍）
附注：魏国李当之《药录》 《吴普本草》 宋代雷斅《炮炙》 齐代甄权《药性》 萧炳《四声》 唐代李珣《海药》 孙思邈《千金方》 杨损之《食性》 陈士良《食性》 蜀地韩保升《重注》 宋代寇宗奭《衍义》 唐代慎微《本草图经》 张元素《珍珠囊》 元代李杲《医学发明》 王好古《汤液本草》 吴瑞《日用本草》 朱震亨《本草衍义补遗》 明代徐用诚《本草发挥》 宁源《食鉴本草》
(Into the Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: Haiyan (Sea Swallow) originates from the East Sea. It is one cun in size, with a flat and round shape, having a dark green-black back and a white, crisp belly. It resembles Haipiaoxiao (Sepiae Endoconcha, cuttlebone), featuring patterns like mushroom caps. Its mouth is located on the underside of its abdomen, feeding on fine sand. There are five distinct hooks beside its mouth, which serve as its feet. The *Linhai Shuitu Ji* (Records of Waters and Soils of Linhai) states: Yangsuzhu (Sun's Foot) grows in the sea. It has a dark green-black back and a white belly, possessing five feet of equal length and size, with no discernible head or tail. When alive, its body is soft; upon death, it becomes dry and brittle. This refers to this creature. The *Linhai Yiwu Zhi* (Records of Strange Things of Linhai) records: Yan Yu (Swallow Fish) is five cun long and flies up more than one zhang during rainy weather. This may be a species sharing the same name.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] For pain caused by injuries exacerbated during rainy weather, decoct and drink the juice; sweating will lead to relief. It can also be incorporated into nourishing-yin prescriptions.
(Into the Sea Medicinal Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Yue said: In the water, males and females chase each other, copulate shortly after, and then lay eggs resembling millet grains; these are authentic. They are also rare items.
Li Shizhen stated: Gu's *Haicha Lu* (Record of Sea Voyages) notes: Xiangsi Zi (Love Seed) resembles a snail, is solid inside like stone, and is as large as a bean. Stored in chests for years without decaying. If placed in vinegar, it spins endlessly. According to this description, this is Langjunzi (Gentleman's Son).
[Flavor and Properties] Missing.
[Indications] For difficult labor in women; holding it in hand facilitates delivery, proving highly effective.
Li Shizhen stated: Creatures with two feet and feathers are classified as birds (Qin). Shi Kuang’s *Qin Jing* (Classic of Birds) states: Among the three hundred and sixty feathered creatures, their fur corresponds to the four seasons, and their colors align with... Birds inhabit rocks, while plains birds dwell on the ground. Forest birds chirp at dawn, and water birds call at night. Mountain birds have short bodies and long tails, using their tails... or gazing sideways with their eyes, or vocalizing, or mating with different species (such as pheasants, peacocks, and snakes interacting). Their birth occurs either through wing-incubation of eggs or through transformation within the same qi (e.g., eagles transforming into turtledoves). Some arise from transformation of different species (e.g., field mice transforming into quails). Alas! The principles of things are so diverse; how can scholars fail to investigate them deeply? The Five Doves and Nine Hu were minimally adopted to name official positions. The male pheasant and owl provided poets with observational inspiration. The purport here is subtle. Not seductive, not... nesting. Regarding all things, the sage’s intent in usage or rejection, benevolence or killing, is surely not arbitrary? Records state: Heavenly products generate Yang energy. Feathered types are Yang within Yang, generally nurturing Yang energy. Thus, we collected those suitable for culinary or medicinal use, as well as those toxic or evil that must be known, forming the Section on Birds (Qin Bu), comprising seventy-seven species. Divided into four categories: Water, Plains, Forest, and Mountain. The old edition of the Bird Section contained three grades totaling fifty-six species. Now, one is added, one transferred from the Beast Section, one from the Insect Section, and one named but unused is transferred in.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica): Four species (annotated by Tao Hongjing of Liang Dynasty) *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians): One species *Xinxiu Bencao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica): Two species (by Su Gong of Tang Dynasty) *Kaibao Bencao*: One species *Zhenglei Bencao*: Five species (by Li Shizhen of Ming Dynasty)
Annotations: Li Dangzhi’s *Yaolu* (Wei Dynasty) *Wu Pu Bencao* Lei Xiao’s *Paozhi* (Song Dynasty) Zhen Quan’s *Yaoxing* (Qi Dynasty) Xiao Bing’s *Sisheng* Li Xun’s *Haiyao* (Tang Dynasty) Sun Simiao’s *Qianjin Fang* Yang Sunzhi’s *Shixing* Chen Shiliang’s *Shixing* Han Baosheng’s *Chongzhu* (Shu region) Kou Zongshi’s *Yanyi* (Song Dynasty) Shen Wei’s *Bencao Tujing* Zhang Yuansu’s *Zhenzhunang* Li Gao’s *Faxiang* (Yuan Dynasty) Wang Haogu’s *Tangye Bencao* Wu Rui’s *Riyong Bencao* Zhu Zhenheng’s *Bencao Yanyi Buyi* Xu Yongcheng’s *Bencao Fahui* (Ming Dynasty) Ning Yuan’s *Shijian Bencao*