（水禽类二十三种）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】仙禽（《纲目》）、胎禽。
时珍曰∶鹤字，篆文象翘首短尾之形。一云白色 ，故名。
八公《相鹤经》云∶鹤乃羽族之宗，仙人之骥，千六百年乃胎产。则胎、仙之称以此。
世谓鹤不卵生者，误矣。
【集解】禹锡曰∶鹤有玄有黄，有白有苍。入药用白者，他色次之。
时珍曰∶鹤大于鹄，长三尺，高三尺余，喙长四寸。丹顶赤目，赤颊青脚、修颈凋尾，
粗膝纤指。白羽黑翎，亦有灰色、苍色者。尝以夜半鸣，声唳云霄。雄鸣上风，雌鸣下风，
声交而孕。亦啖蛇虺，闻降真香烟则降，其粪能化石，皆物类相感也。按∶《相鹤经》云∶
鹤，阳鸟也，而游于阴。
年羽翮具又七年飞薄云汉，又七年舞应节，又七年鸣中律，又七年大毛落， 毛生，或白
如雪，或
琰云∶龟鹤能运任脉，故多寿。无死气于中也。鹤骨为笛，甚清越。
白鹤血
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】益气力，补虚乏，去风益肺（《嘉 》）。
【发明】
禹锡曰∶按《穆天子传》云∶天子至巨 氏，巨 之人献白鹤之
也。
脑
【主治】和天雄、葱实服之。令人目明，夜能书字（《抱朴》）
卵
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】预解痘毒，多者令少，少者令不出。每用一枚煮，与小儿食之（时珍。出《活
幼全书》）。
骨
【主治】酥炙，入滋补药（时珍）。
肫中砂石子
【主治】磨水服，解蛊毒邪（《嘉 》）。
（水禽类共二十三种）
（引自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】仙禽（出自《本草纲目》）、胎禽。
李时珍说：鹤字的篆书形状，描绘的是昂首短尾的样子。另一种说法是因其羽毛白色而得名。
东汉八公所著的《相鹤经》中说：鹤是羽鸟中的宗主，是仙人的坐骑，经过一千六百年才孕育产子。因此有了“胎”和“仙”的称呼。
世人认为鹤不是卵生的，这是错误的。
【集解】苏颂说：鹤有黑色、黄色、白色和苍色（青灰色）。入药使用白色的，其他颜色的次之。
李时珍说：鹤比天鹅大，身长三尺，高约三尺多，喙长四寸。头顶丹红，眼睛赤红，面颊赤红，脚爪青色，颈项修长，尾羽稀疏，膝盖粗大，脚趾纤细。羽毛白色，飞羽黑色，也有灰色、苍色的。常在半夜鸣叫，声音嘹亮直冲云霄。雄鹤在上风头鸣叫，雌鹤在下风头鸣叫，声音交汇便能受孕。也吃蛇虫，闻到降真香燃烧的气味就会降临，它的粪便能石化，这都是事物之间相互感应的结果。按：《相鹤经》中说：鹤是阳鸟，却活动在阴处。
[此处原文存在缺漏或错简，推测涉及生长周期描述] 年羽毛翅膀长成后，又过七年能飞近银河，又过七年起舞应合节拍，又过七年鸣叫符合音律，又过七年换下旧毛，新毛生出，有的白如雪，有的... [此处原文缺失] 琰说：龟和鹤能运行任脉，所以寿命长。体内没有死气。鹤骨做成笛子，声音非常清脆悠扬。
白鹤血
【气味】咸味，性平，无毒。
【发明】
苏颂说：按《穆天子传》记载：天子到达巨氏部落，巨氏的人进献了白鹤的脑髓。
【主治】与天雄、葱实一起服用。能让人目光明亮，夜间能看清字迹书写（出自《抱朴子》）。
卵
【气味】甘味、咸味，性平，无毒。
【主治】预先解除痘毒，使重症减轻，轻症不出疹。每次用一枚煮熟，给小儿食用（李时珍引自《活幼全书》）。
骨
肫中砂石子（鸡内金/鹤胫石）
【主治】磨成水服用，能解蛊毒邪气（出自《嘉祐本草》）。
(Twenty-three species of waterfowl)
(Cited from the Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Nomenclature] Immortal Bird (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Fetal Bird.
Li Shizhen stated: The seal script character for "He" (Crane) depicts the form of a crane with its head raised and tail short. Another theory is that it is named so because of its white feathers.
The *Xiang He Jing* (Classic on Observing Cranes) by Ba Gong states: "The crane is the patriarch of feathered creatures and the steed of immortals; it takes one thousand six hundred years to gestate." Thus, the titles "Fetal" and "Immortal" originate from this.
The common belief that cranes do not lay eggs is mistaken.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Cranes come in black, yellow, white, and grayish-blue colors. For medicinal use, white ones are preferred, while others are secondary.
Li Shizhen stated: The crane is larger than the swan (*Hu*), measuring three chi in length and over three chi in height, with a beak four cun long. It has a red crown, red eyes, red cheeks, blue-green legs, a slender neck, and sparse tail feathers. Its knees are thick, and its toes are slender. Its body feathers are white, and its flight feathers are black, though some may be gray or grayish-blue. It often cries at midnight, its voice piercing the clouds. When the male calls facing the wind, and the female calls against the wind, their voices intersect and conception occurs. It also eats snakes and venomous insects; upon smelling the incense of *Jiangzhen Xiang* (Aquilaria sinensis), it descends. Its feces can turn into stone. These are all examples of mutual感应 (interaction/influence) among species. According to the *Xiang He Jing*: "The crane is a bird of Yang, yet it dwells in Yin."
[Textual lacuna/corruption in source regarding growth cycles] After seven years of having full plumage and wings, it flies near the Milky Way; after another seven years, its dance corresponds to rhythm; after another seven years, its cry matches musical pitch; after another seven years, old feathers fall out, and new ones grow, some white as snow, some... [Text missing here] ...Yan stated: Turtles and cranes can circulate the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), which is why they have long lifespans. There is no stagnant Qi within them. Crane bone made into flutes produces very clear and resonant sounds.
White Crane Blood
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Tonifies Qi and strength, supplements deficiency and exhaustion, dispels Wind and benefits the Lung (from *Jiayou Bencao*).
[Elucidation]
Su Song stated: According to the *Mu Tianzi Zhuan* (Record of the Traveling King Mu): "When the Son of Heaven arrived at the Ju Shi tribe, the people of Ju Shi presented him with the brain of a white crane."
[Therapeutic Actions] Taken together with Tianxiong (Aconitum carmichaelii lateral root) and scallion bulbs. It clarifies vision, allowing one to read by night (from *Baopuzi*).
Egg
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Prevents and resolves smallpox toxin; reduces severe cases and prevents mild cases from erupting. Boil one egg and feed it to children (Li Shizhen, citing *Huoyou Quanshu*).
Bone
[Therapeutic Actions] Roasted in butter, then added to tonic prescriptions (Li Shizhen).
Gizzard Stones (within the crop)
[Therapeutic Actions] Ground into water and ingested to resolve Gu poison and evil pathogens (from *Jiayou Bencao*).