（《拾遗》）
【气味】缺。
【主治】敷金疮，止血生肉（藏器）。小儿邪热在心，夜啼不止，以二、三颗，灯心汤
调，抹乳吮之（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶昔陆贾言灯花爆而百事喜，《汉书·艺文志》有占灯花术，则灯花固
灵物也。钱乙用治夜啼，其亦取此义乎？我明宗室富顺王一孙，嗜灯花，但闻其气，即哭索
不已。时珍诊之，曰∶此癖也。以杀虫治癖之药丸服，一料而愈。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶烛有蜜蜡烛、虫蜡烛、 油烛、牛脂烛，唯蜜蜡、 油者，烬可入药。
【气味】缺。
【主治】疔肿，同胡麻、针砂等分，为末，和醋敷之。治九漏，同阴干马齿苋等分，为
末，以泔水洗净，和腊猪脂敷之。日三上（时珍）。
李时珍曰∶土者，五行之主，坤之体也。具五色而以黄为正色，具五味而以甘为正味。
是以禹贡辨九州之土色，周官辨十有二壤之土性。盖其为德，至柔而刚，至静有常，兼五行
生万物而不与其能，坤之德其至矣哉。在人则脾胃应之，故诸土入药，皆取其裨助戊己之功
。今集土属六十一种为土部（旧本三十九种，散见玉石部）。
《神农本经》二种（梁陶弘景注） 《名医别录》三种（梁陶弘景） 《唐本草》三种
（唐苏恭） 《本草拾遗》二十八种（唐陈藏器） 《四声本草》一种（唐萧炳） 《开宝
本草》一种（宋马志） 《证类本草》一种（宋唐慎微） 《衍义补遗》一种（元朱震亨）
《本草纲目》二十一种（明李时珍）
【附注】魏李当之《药录》 《吴普本草》 宋雷 《炮灸》 齐徐之才《药封》 唐
甄权《药性》 孙思邈《千金》 唐杨损之《删繁》 李 《海药》 蜀韩保升《重注》
宋掌禹锡《补注》 苏颂《图经》 大明《日华》 宋寇宗 《衍义》 金张元素《珍珠囊
》元王好古《汤液》 明汪机《会编》 元李杲《法象》 陈嘉谟《蒙筌》
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【气味】记载缺失。
【主治】外敷于金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），能止血并促进肌肉生长（陈藏器）。小儿因邪热扰心，夜间啼哭不止，取两到三颗灯花，用灯心草煎汤调匀，涂抹在乳头让婴儿吮吸（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：从前陆贾说灯花爆裂预示着百事喜庆，《汉书·艺文志》中有占测灯花的术数，那么灯花确实是灵验之物。钱乙用它来治疗夜啼，大概也是取这种寓意吧？我朝宗室富顺王的一个孙子，嗜好闻灯花的气味，只要闻到就哭闹不止。李时珍诊断后说：这是癖病（一种特殊的嗜好或心理障碍）。服用具有杀虫和治疗癖病的药丸，一疗程便痊愈了。
（出自《本草纲目》正文）
【集解】李时珍说：蜡烛有蜜蜡烛、虫蜡烛、油脂烛、牛脂烛，只有蜜蜡和油脂制成的蜡烛，其灰烬可以入药。
【气味】记载缺失。
【主治】治疗疔肿，与胡麻、针砂各等份，研成粉末，调和醋后外敷。治疗九漏（指瘰疬、淋巴结核等慢性化脓性疾病），与阴干的马齿苋各等份，研成粉末，用淘米水洗净患处，调和腊月猪脂外敷。每天上药三次（李时珍）。
李时珍说：土是五行的主体，是坤卦的形体。具备五色而以黄色为正色，具备五味而以甘味为正味。因此《禹贡》辨别九州土壤的颜色，《周礼·考工记》辨别十二种土壤的性质。它的德行，极其柔顺却蕴含刚强，极其安静却恒常不变，兼有五行生养万物却不居功的特点，坤德的伟大达到了极致。在人体中对应脾胃，所以各种土类入药，都是取其辅助戊己（脾胃）的功效。现在收集土属药物六十一一种，列为土部（旧本有三十九种，分散见于玉石部）。
《神农本草经》两种（梁代陶弘景注） 《名医别录》三种（梁代陶弘景） 《唐本草》三种（唐代苏恭） 《本草拾遗》二十八种（唐代陈藏器） 《四声本草》一种（唐代萧炳） 《开宝本草》一种（宋代马志） 《证类本草》一种（宋代唐慎微） 《衍义补遗》一种（元代朱震亨） 《本草纲目》二十一种（明代李时珍）
【附注】魏国李当之《药录》 吴国吴普《吴普本草》 宋代雷斅《炮灸》 齐代徐之才《药封》 唐代甄权《药性》 孙思邈《千金方》 唐代杨损之《删繁》 唐代李珣《海药本草》 蜀地韩保升《重注》 宋代掌禹锡《补注》 苏颂《图经本草》 大明《日华子本草》 宋代寇宗奭《衍义》 金代张元素《珍珠囊》 元代王好古《汤液本草》 明代汪机《会编》 元代李杲《医学发明》（法象） 陈嘉谟《蒙筌》
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Qi] Records are missing.
[Indications] Applied externally to metal-induced wounds (Jinchuang), it stops bleeding and promotes tissue regeneration (Chen Zangqi). For infants suffering from incessant nocturnal crying due to pathogenic heat disturbing the Heart, take two or three lamp wick flowers, mix them with a decoction of Jiedixin (Rhizoma Centellae Asiaticae / Ligusticum jeholense stem), apply to the nipple for the infant to suckle (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: In the past, Lu Jia said that the popping of a lamp wick flower signifies joy in all matters. The *Yiwen Zhi* section of the *Book of Han* contains techniques for divination using lamp wick flowers; thus, the lamp wick flower is indeed a spiritual object. Qian Yi used it to treat nocturnal crying, likely drawing upon this symbolic meaning. A grandson of the Fushun Prince, a member of our dynasty's imperial clan, had an obsession with the scent of lamp wick flowers; whenever he smelled it, he would cry and demand it incessantly. Upon diagnosis, Li Shizhen said: "This is a Pi disorder" (a specific type of compulsion or psychological abnormality). He administered pills containing herbs for expelling parasites and treating Pi disorders, and the patient was cured after one course of treatment.
(From the main text of *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Candles include beeswax candles, insect wax candles, oil candles, and beef tallow candles. Only the ashes of beeswax and oil candles can be used as medicine.
[Flavor and Qi] Records are missing.
[Indications] For treating Dingzhong (carbuncles/furuncles), mix equal parts of Huma (Sesamum indicum seed) and Zhensha (Hematite powder) into a powder, blend with vinegar, and apply externally. For treating Jiulou (scrofula/chronic suppurative lymphadenitis), mix equal parts of air-dried Machixian (Portulaca oleracea) into a powder. Clean the affected area with rice water, blend with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply externally. Apply three times daily (Li Shizhen).
Li Shizhen stated: Earth is the master of the Five Elements and the substance of the Kun trigram. It possesses five colors but regards yellow as the primary color; it possesses five flavors but regards sweet as the primary flavor. Therefore, the *Yu Gong* chapter distinguishes the soil colors of the Nine Provinces, and the *Rites of Zhou* distinguishes the properties of twelve types of soil. Its virtue is extremely soft yet firm, extremely quiet yet constant. It encompasses the generation of all things by the Five Elements without claiming credit for its ability. The virtue of Kun is truly supreme. In the human body, it corresponds to the Spleen and Stomach. Therefore, various earth substances used in medicine are valued for their ability to assist Wuji (the Earthly Stems representing Spleen and Stomach). Currently, sixty-one earth-related substances are collected and classified under the Earth Section (the old edition had thirty-nine substances scattered in the Jade and Stone Section).
*Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica): Two species (Annotated by Tao Hongjing of Liang)
*Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians): Three species (Tao Hongjing of Liang)
*Tang Bencao* (Tang Materia Medica): Three species (Su Gong of Tang)
*Bencao Shiyi* (Supplement to Materia Medica): Twenty-eight species (Chen Zangqi of Tang)
*Sisheng Bencao* (Materia Medica of Four Tones): One species (Xiao Bing of Tang)
*Kaibao Bencao* (Kaibao Materia Medica): One species (Ma Zhi of Song)
*Zhenglei Bencao* (Classified Materia Medica): One species (Tang Shenwei of Song)
*Yanyi Buyi* (Supplement to Elucidations): One species (Zhu Zhenheng of Yuan)
*Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica): Twenty-one species (Li Shizhen of Ming)
[Annotations] Li Dangzhi's *Yaolu* (Wei Dynasty); Wu Pu's *Wu Pu Bencao* (Wu Kingdom); Lei Xiao's *Paojiu* (Song Dynasty); Xu Zhicai's *Yaofeng* (Southern Qi Dynasty); Zhen Quan's *Yaoxing* (Tang Dynasty); Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* (Tang Dynasty); Yang Sunzhi's *Shanfan* (Tang Dynasty); Li Xun's *Haiyao Bencao* (Tang Dynasty); Han Baosheng's *Chongzhu* (Shu Kingdom); Zhang Yuxi's *Buzhu* (Song Dynasty); Su Song's *Tujing Bencao* (Song Dynasty); *Rihua Zi Bencao* (Great Ming); Kou Zongshi's *Yanyi* (Song Dynasty); Zhang Yuansu's *Zhenzhunang* (Jin Dynasty); Wang Haogu's *Tangye Bencao* (Yuan Dynasty); Wang Ji's *Huibian* (Ming Dynasty); Li Gao's *Yixue Faxiang* (Yuan Dynasty); Chen Jiamo's *Mengquan*.