（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】百沸汤（《纲目》）、麻沸汤（仲景）、太和汤。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
时珍曰∶按汪颖云∶热汤须百沸者佳。若半沸者，饮之反伤元气，作胀。或云∶热汤漱
口损齿。病目人勿以热汤洗浴。冻僵人勿以热汤灌之，能脱指甲。铜瓶煎汤服，损人之声。
【主治】助阳气，行经络（宗 ）。熨霍乱转筋入腹及客忤死（《嘉 》）。
【发明】宗 曰∶热汤能通经络，患风冷气痹人，以汤渫脚至膝上，浓覆取汗周身，然
别有药，亦假汤气而行尔。四时暴泄痢，四肢冷，脐腹疼，深汤中坐，浸至腹上，频频作之，
生阳佐药，无速于此。虚寒人始坐汤中必颤。仍常令人伺守之。
张从正曰∶凡伤寒、伤风、伤食、伤酒，初起无药，便饮太和汤碗许，或酸齑汁亦可，
以手揉肚，觉恍惚，再饮再揉，至无所容，探吐，汗出则已。
时珍曰∶张仲景治心下痞，按之濡，关上脉浮，大黄黄连泻心汤，用麻沸汤煎之，取其
气薄而泄虚热也。《朱真人灵验篇》云∶有人患风疾数年，掘坑令坐坑内，解衣，以热汤淋
之，良久，以簟盖之，汗出而愈，此亦通经络之法也。时珍常推此意，治寒湿，加艾煎汤；
治风虚，加五枝或五加煎汤淋洗，觉效更速也。
【附方】旧四，新九。
伤寒初起∶取热汤饮之，候吐则止。（陈藏器《本草》）
初感风寒，头痛憎寒者。用水七碗，烧锅令赤，投水于内，取起再烧再投，如此七次，
名沸汤，乘热饮一碗，以衣被覆头取汗，神效。（《伤寒蕴要》）
忤恶卒死∶铜器或瓦器盛热汤，隔衣熨其腹上，冷即易，立愈。（陈藏器《本草》）
霍乱转筋∶以器盛汤熨之，仍令蹋器，使足底热彻，冷则易。（《嘉 本草》）
暑月 死∶以热汤徐徐灌之，小举其头，令汤入腹，即苏。（《千金方》）
火眼赤烂紧闭目∶以热汤沃之，汤冷即止，频沃取安，妙在闭目。或加薄荷、防风、荆
芥煎汤沃之，亦妙。（赵原阳《济急方》）
金疮血出不止∶以故布蘸热汤 之。（《延寿书》）
代指肿痛∶麻沸汤渍之，即安。（《千金方》）
痈肿初起∶以热汤频沃之，即散也。（《集简方》）
冻疮不瘥∶热汤洗之。（陈藏器）
马汗入疮，肿痛欲死。沸汤温洗，即瘥。（《千金方》）
蝎虿螫伤∶温汤渍之，数易，至旦愈。（华佗治彭城夫人方）
蛇绕不解∶热汤淋之，即脱。（《千金方》）
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】百沸汤（《本草纲目》）、麻沸汤（张仲景）、太和汤。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
李时珍说：据汪颖记载，热开水必须经过多次沸腾才好。如果只煮到半开状态，喝下去反而损伤元气，导致腹胀。有人说用热开水漱口会损伤牙齿。患眼病的人不要用热开水洗澡。冻僵的人不要用热开水浇淋，否则会导致指甲脱落。用铜瓶煎煮热开水服用，会损伤人的声音。
【主治】辅助阳气，疏通经络（寇宗奭）。熨烫治疗霍乱引起的转筋入腹以及客忤致死（《嘉祐本草》）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：热开水能疏通经络，患有风冷气痹的人，用热水浸泡双脚至膝盖以上，厚厚覆盖以取周身出汗，虽然另有药物，也是借助汤的热气来发挥作用。四季突发泄泻痢疾，四肢冰冷，脐腹部疼痛，坐在深热水中，浸泡至腹部以上，频繁进行，能生发阳气并辅助药效，没有比这更快的了。虚寒体质的人刚坐进热水中必定会颤抖。仍需常让人守候照看。
张从正说：凡是伤寒、伤风、伤食、伤酒，初起时无药可用，便饮用一碗太和汤，或者酸腌菜汁也可以，用手揉搓肚子，感觉恍惚时，再喝再揉，直到无法容纳为止，通过探吐催吐，出汗后病症即愈。
李时珍说：张仲景治疗心下痞满，按之柔软，关脉浮，使用大黄黄连泻心汤，用麻沸汤煎煮，是取其气味轻薄以清泄虚热。《朱真人灵验篇》记载：有人患风疾数年，挖掘坑洞让其坐在坑内，解开衣服，用热开水淋浇，很久之后，用竹席盖住，出汗后痊愈，这也是疏通经络的方法。李时珍经常推演此意，治疗寒湿，加入艾叶煎汤；治疗风虚，加入五枝或五加皮煎汤淋洗，觉得效果更迅速。
【附方】旧方四首，新方九首。
伤寒初起：取热开水饮用，等到呕吐就停止。（陈藏器《本草拾遗》）
初次感受风寒，头痛怕冷者。用水七碗，烧锅使其通红，将水投入锅内，取出再烧再投，如此重复七次，称为沸汤，趁热饮用一碗，用衣被覆盖头部以取汗，神效。（《伤寒蕴要》）
遭受恶气突然死亡：用铜器或瓦器盛装热开水，隔着衣服熨烫其腹部，变冷即更换，立即痊愈。（陈藏器《本草拾遗》）
霍乱转筋：用容器盛装热水熨烫，同时让患者踩踏容器，使足底热度透彻，变冷则更换。（《嘉祐本草》）
暑月中暑昏死：用热开水徐徐灌入，稍微抬起其头，令汤水进入腹部，即刻苏醒。（《千金方》）
火眼赤烂紧闭双目：用热开水浇灌，水冷即止，频繁浇灌以求安宁，妙在闭目。或者加入薄荷、防风、荆芥煎汤浇灌，也很好。（赵原阳《济急方》）
金创出血不止：用旧布蘸热开水擦拭伤口。（《延寿书》）
痈肿初起：用热开水频繁浇灌，即消散。（《集简方》）
蝎子毒刺伤：用温水浸泡，多次更换，至早晨痊愈。（华佗治彭城夫人方）
蛇缠绕不解：用热开水淋浇，即脱落。（《千金方》）
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Baifei Tang (Boiled Water) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Mafei Tang (Sesame Boiling Water) (Zhang Zhongjing), Taihe Tang.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen states: According to Wang Ying, hot boiled water is best when it has undergone multiple boilings. If consumed at only half-boiled, it damages the primordial qi and causes abdominal distension. Some say that rinsing the mouth with hot boiled water damages the teeth. Those suffering from eye diseases should not bathe with hot boiled water. For those who are frozen stiff, pouring hot boiled water on them can cause fingernails or toenails to fall off. Drinking hot boiled water decocted in a copper vessel damages one's voice.
[Indications] Assists yang qi, unblocks meridians (Kou Zongshi). Moxibustion-like application for treating Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with muscle spasms entering the abdomen, and sudden death due to Ke Wu (hostile qi invasion) (*Jiayou Bencao*).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi says: Hot boiled water can unblock meridians. For patients suffering from wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome, soaking feet in hot water up to the knees, covering thickly to induce sweating throughout the body, although other herbs may be used, they also rely on the thermal energy of the water to facilitate action. In cases of sudden diarrhea and dysentery occurring in any season, with cold limbs and pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, sitting in deep hot water, immersed up to the upper abdomen, performed frequently, generates yang qi and assists medicinal efficacy; nothing is faster than this. Patients with deficiency-cold constitutions will inevitably tremble upon first sitting in the hot water. It is necessary to have someone constantly attend to them.
Zhang Congzheng says: For initial stages of Shanghan (cold damage), Shangfeng (wind strike), Shangshi (food injury), or Shangjiu (alcohol injury), if no medicine is available, drink about one bowl of Taihe Tang, or sour pickled vegetable juice is also acceptable. Rub the abdomen by hand; when feeling dizzy or disoriented, drink again and rub again, until the stomach cannot hold more, then induce vomiting. When sweat appears, the condition resolves.
Li Shizhen says: Zhang Zhongjing treated "fullness below the heart" (Xin Xia Pi) where palpation revealed softness and the pulse at the Guan position was floating, using Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Rhubarb and Scutellaria Decoction to Drain the Heart), decocted with Mafei Tang. This is done to utilize its thin aroma to clear deficient heat. The *Zhu Zhenren Lingyan Pian* records: A person suffered from wind disease for several years. A pit was dug for them to sit in. After undressing, hot boiled water was poured over them. After a long time, they were covered with a bamboo mat. Upon sweating, they recovered. This is also a method of unblocking meridians. Li Shizhen often extended this principle: for treating cold-dampness, mugwort (Ai Ye) is added to the decoction; for treating wind-deficiency, Wuzhi (Five Branches) or Wujiapi (Acanthopanacis Cortex) is added for washing/soaking, which yields even faster results.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old prescriptions, nine new prescriptions.
Initial stage of Shanghan: Drink hot boiled water. Stop when vomiting occurs. (Chen Cangqi, *Bencao*)
Initial contraction of wind-cold, with headache and aversion to cold: Use seven bowls of water. Heat a pot until red-hot, pour water in, remove, reheat, and pour again. Repeat this seven times. This is called Feitang (Boiling Water). Drink one bowl while hot. Cover the head with clothes and blankets to induce sweating. Miraculous effect. (*Shanghan Yunyao*)
Sudden death due to hostile qi: Fill a copper or earthenware vessel with hot boiled water. Apply via ironing through clothing onto the abdomen. Replace when cool. Immediate recovery. (Chen Cangqi, *Bencao*)
Huoluan with muscle spasms: Hold a vessel of hot water for application/moxibustion-style warming. Also, have the patient step on the vessel so that heat penetrates the soles of the feet. Replace when cool. (*Jiayou Bencao*)
Heatstroke coma during summer months: Slowly pour hot boiled water into the mouth. Slightly lift the head to allow water to enter the abdomen. Immediate revival. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Fire eyes (red, swollen, crusted eyelids tightly shut): Pour hot boiled water over the eyes. Stop when the water cools. Repeat frequently to achieve comfort. The key lies in keeping the eyes closed. Alternatively, add Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Mint), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), and Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie) to the decoction for pouring. Also excellent. (Zhao Yuanyang, *Jiji Fang*)
Metal wound with unceasing bleeding: Dip old cloth in hot boiled water and wipe/cleanse the wound. (*Yanshou Shu*)
Swollen and painful nails (Dai Zhi): Soak in Mafei Tang. Immediate relief. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Initial stage of carbuncle/swelling: Frequently pour hot boiled water over it. It will dissipate. (*Jijian Fang*)
Chronic frostbite not healing: Wash with hot boiled water. (Chen Cangqi)
Horse sweat entering a wound, causing severe swelling and pain: Wash with warm boiling water. Immediate recovery. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Scorpion sting: Soak in warm water. Change frequently. Recovery by morning. (Hua Tuo's prescription for Lady of Pengcheng)
Snake entanglement not releasing: Pour hot boiled water over it. It immediately detaches. (*Qianjin Fang*)