（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶出岭南。似小蜂黑色，一足连树根不得去，不能动摇，五月采之。又
有独脚蚁，亦连树根下，能动摇，功用与蜂同。
时珍曰∶岭南有树小儿、树蛱蝶。及此蜂、蚁，皆生于树，是亦气化，乃无情而生有情
也。《酉阳杂俎》云∶岭南毒
啮人甚毒。物类之变化不一有如此。
【主治】疔肿痈疽，烧研和油涂之。（藏器）
【释名】土蜂（《别录》）、细腰蜂（《庄子》
弘景曰∶此类甚多。虽名土蜂，不就土中作窟，谓KT 土作房尔。
时珍曰∶ ，象其声也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶
弘景曰∶今一种蜂，黑色，腰甚细，衔泥于人屋及器物边作房，如并竹管者是也。其生
子如粟米大，居中，乃捕取草上青蜘蛛十余枚，满中，仍塞口，以待其子大为粮也。其一种
入芦管中者，亦取草上青虫。《诗
教祝，便变成己子，斯为谬矣。造诗者未审，而夫子何为因其僻耶？圣人有缺，多皆类此。
韩保升曰∶按《诗疏》云∶螟蛉，桑虫也。果蠃，蒲芦也。言蒲芦负桑虫以成其子也。
亦负他虫封之，数日则成蜂飞去。今有人候其封穴，坏而看之，见有卵如粟，在死虫之上，
果如陶说。盖诗人知其大而不知其细也。此蜂
木间也。
【正误】李含光曰∶咒变成子，近有数见者，非虚言也。
颂曰∶《诗》言∶螟蛉有子，果蠃负之。扬雄《法言》亦云∶螟蛉之子殪，而逢果蠃。
祝之曰∶类我
式亦云∶书斋多
虫也。数说不同。然物类变化，固不可度。蚱蝉生于转丸，衣鱼生于瓜子之类非一。桑虫、
蜘蛛之变为蜂，不为异也。如陶所说卵如粟者，未必非
孕螟蛉之子，传其情，交其精
无定形。斯言得之矣。
宗 曰∶诸家之说，终不敢舍《诗》之义。尝拆窠视之，果有子如半粟米大，色白而微
黄。所负青菜虫，却在子下，不与虫相着。陶说近之。
时珍曰∶ 之说各异。今通考诸说，并视验其卵，及蜂之双双往来，必是雌雄。当以
陶氏、寇氏之说为正，李氏、苏氏之说为误。按∶《解颐新语》云∶果蠃自有卵如粟，寄在
虫身。其虫不死不生，
出也。《列子》言纯雄无雌
雅翼》云∶陶说实当物理。但
果蠃负之。教诲尔子，式谷似之。盖言国君
似。误以为如似之似，遂附会其说尔。犹云鸱 鸱 ，既取我子，亦可谓 取众鸟为子乎？
今屡破其房，见子与他虫同处，或子已去而虫存空壳，或虫成蛹而子尚小。盖虫终不坏，至
其成蛹，子乃食之而出也。近时王浚川《着雅述》，
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
大明曰∶有毒。入药炒用。
【主治】久聋，咳逆毒瓦斯，出刺出汗（《本经》）。疗
能竹木刺（大明。《
云令人畏伏）。
土蜂窠∶见土部。
【附录】雄黄虫。《别录》有名未用曰∶明目，辟兵不祥，益气力
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：产于岭南地区。外形像小蜂，颜色黑色，只有一只脚连着树根，无法脱身，也不能移动，五月采集。还有一种叫独脚蚁，也连在树根下，能够动摇，功效与这种蜂相同。
李时珍说：岭南有树小儿、树蛱蝶。以及这种蜂、蚁，都生长在树上，这也是气化所生，是无情之物化生出有情之物的例子。《酉阳杂俎》记载：岭南有一种毒虫，咬人非常毒。物类的变化竟有如此之多。
【主治】治疗疔疮、痈疽，烧成灰研末，调和油涂抹患处。（陈藏器）
【释名】土蜂（出自《名医别录》）、细腰蜂（出自《庄子》）。
陶弘景说：这类蜂很多。虽然名叫土蜂，但并不在泥土中做窝，而是用泥土筑巢。
李时珍说：“”字是模拟它的声音。
【集解】
《名医别录》记载：
陶弘景说：现在有一种蜂，黑色，腰部很细，衔泥在人屋及器物边缘筑巢，像并排的竹管那样。它们产子如粟米大小，居于中间，然后捕捉十余只草上的青蜘蛛填满巢穴，再封口，等待幼虫长大作为粮食。另一种进入芦管中的蜂，也是捕捉草上的青虫。《诗经》中说“教诲你的儿子，要像他一样善”，便变成自己的儿子，这是荒谬的。作诗的人没有仔细考察，孔子为何引用这种偏颇的说法？圣人也有疏漏，大多类似这种情况。
韩保升说：按《毛诗正义》记载：螟蛉是桑树上的虫子。果蠃是蒲苇上的蜂。意思是蒲苇蜂背负桑虫来养育它的后代。它也背负其他昆虫封存在一起，几天后就变成蜂飞走了。现在有人守候它封闭的洞穴，破坏后查看，看见有卵如粟米大小，在死虫之上，果然像陶弘景所说。大概是诗人只知道大概而不知道细节。这种蜂在树木间活动。
【正误】
李含光说：咒语使螟蛉变成子，近来有好几次亲眼所见，不是虚言。
苏颂说：《诗经》说：“螟蛉有子，果蠃负之。”扬雄《法言》也说：“螟蛉之子殪，而逢果蠃。祝之曰：类我。”又有人说：书斋里多有这样的虫。几种说法不同。然而物类的变化，本来不可揣度。蚱蝉生于转丸，衣鱼生于瓜子之类，不止一种。桑虫、蜘蛛变为蜂，也不算奇怪。至于陶弘景所说的卵如粟米，未必不是果蠃孕育螟蛉之子，传递其情，交合其精，没有固定形态。这种说法是有道理的。
寇宗奭说：各家说法，最终不敢舍弃《诗经》的本义。曾经拆开蜂巢查看，果然有子如半粒粟米大，颜色白而微黄。所背负的青菜虫，却在子的下面，不与子相接触。陶弘景的说法接近事实。
李时珍说：各家说法各异。现在综合考证各种说法，并观察验证其卵，以及蜂双双往来，必定是雌雄关系。应当以陶弘景、寇宗奭的说法为正确，李含光、苏颂的说法为错误。按：《解颐新语》记载：果蠃自有卵如粟米，寄生在虫身上。那虫不死不生，（等待孵化）出来。《列子》说纯雄无雌，《雅翼》说：陶弘景的说法确实符合物理规律。但……果蠃背负它。教诲你的儿子，要像他一样善。这说的是国君……相似。误以为“如似之似”，于是附会这种说法罢了。就像说“鸱鸮鸱鸮，既取我子”，难道也可以说鸱鸮取众鸟为子吗？现在多次打破它的巢房，看见子与其他虫共处，或者子已离去而虫存留空壳，或者虫已成蛹而子还很小。大概虫始终不坏，直到它成为蛹，子才吃它而出。近时王浚川《着雅述》……
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
孟诜说：有毒。入药需炒制使用。
【主治】治疗久聋，咳逆毒瓦斯，拔刺出汗（《神农本草经》）。治疗能竹木刺（孟诜。《本草拾遗》说令人畏伏）。
土蜂窠：见土部。
【附录】雄黄虫。《名医别录》列为有名未用：明目，辟兵不祥，益气力。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: It is produced in the Lingnan region. It resembles a small black bee, with only one leg attached to the tree root, unable to detach or move. It is collected in the fifth month. There is also a "one-legged ant" (Dujiao Yi), which is also attached under the tree root and can move; its efficacy is the same as that of the bee.
Li Shizhen stated: In Lingnan, there are "tree children" (Shu Xiao'er) and "tree butterflies" (Shu Jia Die). As well as this bee and ant, all growing on trees, this is also a result of Qi transformation, where formless entities give rise to sentient beings. *Youyang Zazu* records: In Lingnan, there is a venomous insect whose bite is extremely toxic. The transformations among species are indeed varied.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats carbuncles and sores (Dingzhong Yongju); burnt to ash, ground into powder, mixed with oil, and applied externally. (Chen Cangqi)
[Names]
Earth Bee (Tu Feng, from *Bielu*); Thin-waisted Bee (Xi Yao Feng, from *Zhuangzi*).
Tao Hongjing stated: There are many such bees. Although named Earth Bee, they do not make nests in the soil but rather build houses using mud.
Li Shizhen stated: The character "" imitates its sound.
[Collected Explanations]
*Bielu* records:
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, there is a type of bee that is black with a very thin waist. It carries mud to build nests on human houses and around utensils, resembling parallel bamboo tubes. Its eggs are as large as millet grains, placed in the center. It then captures more than ten green spiders from grass, fills the nest with them, seals the opening, and waits for its offspring to grow large enough to feed on them. Another type enters reed tubes and also captures green insects from grass. The *Classic of Poetry* states, "Instruct your son, let him be like you," implying transformation into one's own offspring, which is absurd. The poet did not examine closely, so why did Confucius cite this biased view? Even sages have omissions, mostly similar to this.
Han Baosheng stated: According to *Mao Shi Zhengyi*: Mingling refers to the silkworm/moth larva on mulberry trees. Guoluo refers to the wasp on reeds. It means the reed wasp carries the mulberry worm to raise its young. It also carries other insects, sealing them; after several days, they transform into bees and fly away. Now, some people wait for the sealed hole, break it open to inspect, and see eggs like millet grains on top of dead insects, exactly as Tao Hongjing described. Perhaps the poet knew the general outline but not the details. This bee lives among trees.
[Correction of Errors]
Li Hanguang stated: Incantations transforming larvae into offspring have been seen numerous times recently; it is not false talk.
Su Song stated: The *Classic of Poetry* says, "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." Yang Xiong's *Fayan* also says, "The son of Mingling dies, and encounters Guoluo. It instructs it, saying, 'Be like me.'" Others say: Such insects are common in study rooms. The accounts differ. However, the transformations of species are indeed incalculable. Grasshoppers and cicadas arise from turning pellets; silverfish arise from melon seeds, among others. The transformation of mulberry worms and spiders into bees is not strange. Regarding Tao Hongjing's description of eggs like millet, it may well be that Guoluo conceives the offspring of Mingling, transmitting its essence and spirit, taking no fixed form. This statement is accurate.
Kou Zongshi stated: Various scholars' theories ultimately dare not abandon the meaning of the *Classic of Poetry*. I once dismantled a nest to inspect it; indeed, there were offspring half the size of a millet grain, white with a slight yellow tint. The green vegetable worms carried were below the offspring, not touching them. Tao's theory is close to the truth.
Li Shizhen stated: Theories vary. Now, comprehensively examining all theories, observing their eggs, and seeing bees coming and going in pairs, indicating male and female, we should accept the theories of Tao Hongjing and Kou Zongshi as correct, and those of Li Hanguang and Su Song as erroneous. According to *Jieyi Xinyu*: Guoluo naturally produces eggs like millet,寄 (parasitizing) on the body of the insect. That insect neither dies nor lives, (waiting to hatch). *Liezi* states pure males without females; *Yayi* states: Tao's theory actually conforms to natural principles. But... Guoluo carries it. "Instruct your son, let him be virtuous like him." This refers to the ruler... similarity. Misinterpreting "like" as "similarity," they thus accommodated this theory. Just as saying "Owl, owl, having taken my child," does it mean the owl takes all birds as children? Now, repeatedly breaking open its nests, we see the offspring coexisting with other insects, or the offspring gone while the insect remains in an empty shell, or the insect becoming a pupa while the offspring is still small. Generally, the insect does not decay until it becomes a pupa, at which point the offspring eats it and emerges. Recently, Wang Junchuan's *Zheya Shu*...
[Properties and Flavor]
Acrid, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Meng Shen stated: Toxic. For medicinal use, stir-fry before application.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats chronic deafness, coughing with reverse qi and toxic vapors, extracting splinters and inducing sweating (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats embedded bamboo or wood splinters (Meng Shen. *Bencao Shiyi* states it instills fear/submission).
Earth Bee Nest: See Section on Earth.
[Appendix]
Realgar Worm. Listed in *Bielu* as "Named but Unused": Brightens eyes, wards off weapons and misfortune, tonifies Qi and strength.