（《纲目》）
【释名】马钱子（《纲目》）、苦实把豆（《纲
时珍曰∶状似马之连钱，故名马钱。
【集解】时珍曰∶番木鳖生回回国，今西土 州诸处皆有之。蔓生，夏开黄花。七、八
月结实如栝蒌，生青熟赤，亦如木鳖。其核小于木鳖而色白。彼人言治一百二十种病，每证
各有汤引。或云以豆腐制过用之良。或云能毒狗至死。
仁
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】伤寒热病，咽喉痹痛，消痞块。并含之咽汁，或磨水噙咽（时珍）。
【附方】新四。
喉痹作痛∶番木鳖、青木香、山豆根等分，为末吹之。（杨拱《医方摘要》）
缠喉风肿∶番木鳖仁一个，木香三分，同磨水，调熊胆三分，胆矾五分。以鸡毛扫患处
取效。（唐瑶《经验方》）
疮入目∶苦实把豆儿（即马钱子）半个，轻粉、水花、银朱各五分，片脑、麝香、枯
矾
病欲去胎∶苦实把豆儿研膏，纳入牝户三、四寸。（《集简方》）
（宋《开宝》）
【校正】并入《唐本草》独行根。
【释名】都淋藤（《肘后》）、独行根（《唐本》）、土青木香（《唐本》）、云南根（《纲
目》
宗 曰∶蔓生附木而上，叶脱时其实尚垂，状如马项之铃，故得名也。
时珍曰∶其根吐利人，微有香气，故有独行、木香之名。岭南人用治蛊，隐其名为三百
两银药。《肘后方》作都淋，盖误传也。
【集解】志曰∶独行根生古堤城旁，所在平泽丛林中皆有之。山南名为土青木香，一名
兜铃根。蔓生，叶似萝 而圆且涩，花青白色。其子大如桃李而长，十月以后枯，则头开四
系若囊，其中实薄扁似榆荚。其根扁而长尺许，作葛根气，亦似汉防己。二月、八月采根。
颂曰∶马兜铃今关中、河东、河北、江、淮、夔、浙州郡皆有之。春生苗，作蔓绕树而
生。叶如山蓣叶，而浓大背白。六月开黄紫花，颇类枸杞花。七月结实如枣大，状似铃，作
四五瓣。其根名云南根，微似木香，大如小指，赤黄色。七
实
【修治】 曰∶凡采得实，去叶及蔓，以生绢袋盛于东屋角畔，待干劈开，去革膜，取
净子焙用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。权曰∶平。时珍曰∶微苦、辛。
杲曰∶味浓气薄，阴中微阳，入手太阴经。
【主治】肺热咳嗽，痰结喘促，血痔 疮（《开宝》）。肺气上急，坐息不得，咳逆连连
不止（甄权）。清肺气，补肺，去肺中湿热
【发明】时珍曰∶马兜铃体轻而虚，熟则悬而四开，有肺之象，故能入肺。气寒味苦微
辛，寒能清肺热，苦辛能降肺气。钱乙补肺阿胶散用之，非取其补肺，乃取其清热降气也，
邪去则肺安矣。其中所用阿胶、糯米，则正补肺之药也。汤剂中用多亦作吐，故崔氏方用以
吐蛊。其不能补肺，又可推矣。
【附方】旧三，新二。
肺气喘急∶马兜铃二两（去壳及膜），酥半两（入碗内拌匀，慢火炒干），甘草（炙）一
两，为末。
每服一钱，水一盏，煎六分，温呷或噙之。（《简要济众》）一切心痛，不拘大小男女∶大马
兜铃一个，灯上烧存性，为末。温酒服，立效。（《摘玄方》）
咽中如有物，咽不下，吐不出，心下热闷∶兜铃一两，煎水服，即吐出。（崔行功《纂
要方》）
痔 肿痛∶以马兜铃于瓶中烧烟，熏病处良。（《日华本草》）
独行根
【气味】辛、苦，冷，有毒。大明曰∶无毒。
志曰∶有毒。不可多服，吐利不止。
【主治】鬼疰积聚，诸毒热肿，蛇毒。水磨为泥封之，日三、四次，立瘥。水煮一、二
两，取汁服，吐蛊毒。又捣末水调，涂疔肿，大效（《唐本》）。治血气（大明）。利大肠，治
头风瘙痒秃疮（时珍，出《精义》）。
【附方】旧一，新五。
五种蛊毒∶《肘后方》云∶席辨刺史言∶岭南俚人，多于食中毒，人渐不能食，胸背渐
胀，
先寒似瘴∶用都淋藤十两，水一斗，酒二升，煮三升，分三服。毒逐小便出。十日慎食毒物。
不瘥更服。土人呼为三百两银药。又支太医云∶兜铃根一两为末，水煎顿服，当吐蛊出，未
尽再服。或为末，水调服，亦验。中草蛊毒，此术在西凉之西及岭南。人中此毒，入咽欲死
者∶用兜铃苗一两，为末。温水调服一钱，即消化蛊出，神效。（《圣惠方》）肠风漏血∶马
兜铃藤、谷精草、荆三棱（用乌头炒过），三味各等分。煎水，先熏后
疔肿复发∶马兜铃根捣烂，用蜘蛛网裹敷，少时根出。（《肘后方》）
恶蛇所伤∶青木香半两，煎汤饮之。（《袖珍方》）
【释名】马钱子（出自《本草纲目》）、苦实把豆（出自《本草纲目》）。
李时珍说：形状像马身上的连钱斑纹，所以名叫马钱。
【集解】李时珍说：番木鳖产于回回国，现在西域各地都有生长。它是蔓生植物，夏季开黄花。七月、八月结出果实像栝蒌，生时青色熟时红色，也像木鳖子。它的种子比木鳖子小且颜色发白。当地人说它能治疗一百二十种疾病，每种病症各有不同的药汤作为引经药。有人说用豆腐炮制后使用效果良好。也有人说它能毒死狗。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】伤寒热病，咽喉痹痛，消除痞块。都可以含在口中咽下汁液，或者磨成水含咽（李时珍）。
【附方】新方四首。
喉痹作痛：番木鳖、青木香、山豆根各等分，研成末吹入患处。（杨拱《医方摘要》）
缠喉风肿胀：番木鳖仁一个，木香三分，一起磨成水，调和熊胆三分，胆矾五分。用鸡毛蘸取涂抹患处，可获效。（唐瑶《经验方》）
疮毒入眼：苦实把豆儿（即马钱子）半个，轻粉、水花、银朱各五分，片脑、麝香、枯矾各少许，共研为末点眼。
病欲去胎：苦实把豆儿研成膏，纳入阴道三、四寸。（《集简方》）
（宋《开宝本草》）
【校正】并入《唐本草》中的独行根。
【释名】都淋藤（出自《肘后备急方》）、独行根（出自《唐本草》）、土青木香（出自《唐本草》）、云南根（出自《本草纲目》）。
苏颂说：蔓生依附树木向上生长，叶子脱落时果实还悬挂着，形状像马颈上的铃铛，所以得名。
李时珍说：它的根使人呕吐腹泻，微有香气，所以有独行、木香的名字。岭南人用它来治疗蛊毒，隐瞒其名为“三百两银药”。《肘后方》写作“都淋”，大概是误传。
【集解】苏颂说：独行根生长在古堤城旁边，所在平原沼泽丛林中都有。山南地区称为土青木香，一名兜铃根。蔓生，叶子像萝藚但圆且涩，花青白色。果实大如桃李但较长，十月以后枯萎，顶端裂开四瓣像囊袋，里面种子薄扁像榆荚。根部扁长约一尺，有葛根的气味，也类似汉防己。二月、八月采挖根部。
寇宗奭说：马兜铃现在关中、河东、河北、江淮、夔州、浙州郡都有。春天生苗，做藤蔓缠绕树木生长。叶子像山药叶，但浓大背面白色。六月开黄紫色花，很像枸杞花。七月结出果实如枣大，形状像铃铛，分为四五瓣。其根名为云南根，微似木香，大如小指，赤黄色。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是采得果实，去掉叶子和藤蔓，用生绢袋盛放在东屋角旁，待干燥后劈开，去掉革质内膜，取出净种子焙干使用。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。甄权说：性平。李时珍说：微苦、辛。
张杲说：味道浓郁而气轻薄，阴中微阳，入手太阴肺经。
【主治】肺热咳嗽，痰结喘促，血痔疮（《开宝本草》）。肺气上逆急促，坐卧不安，咳逆连连不止（甄权）。清肺气，补肺，去除肺中湿热。
【发明】李时珍说：马兜铃质地轻而虚，成熟后悬挂并四瓣张开，有肺的象形特征，所以能入肺。气寒味苦微辛，寒能清肺热，苦辛能降肺气。钱乙的补肺阿胶散中使用它，不是取其补肺作用，而是取其清热降气的作用，邪气去除则肺安宁了。其中所用的阿胶、糯米，才是真正补肺的药物。在汤剂中使用过多也会引起呕吐，所以崔氏方用它来催吐蛊毒。它不能补肺，由此可以推知。
【附方】旧方三首，新方二首。
肺气喘急：马兜铃二两（去掉壳及膜），酥半两（放入碗内拌匀，慢火炒干），甘草（炙）一两，研成末。
每次服用一钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，温服或含咽。（《简要济众方》）一切心痛，不论大小男女：大马兜铃一个，在灯上烧存性，研成末。温酒送服，立即见效。（《摘玄方》）
咽中如有物，咽不下，吐不出，心下热闷：兜铃一两，煎水服用，即吐出。（崔行功《纂要方》）
痔疮肿痛：将马兜铃在瓶中烧烟，熏烤患处良效。（《日华子本草》）
独行根
【气味】辛、苦，冷，有毒。孟诜说：无毒。
苏颂说：有毒。不可多服，否则呕吐腹泻不止。
【主治】鬼疰积聚，各种毒热肿，蛇毒。水磨成泥封敷患处，每天三、四次，立即痊愈。水煮一两二两，取汁服用，可吐蛊毒。又捣成末用水调匀，涂于疔肿处，大效（《唐本草》）。治血气（孟诜）。利大肠，治头风瘙痒秃疮（李时珍，出自《精义》）。
【附方】旧方一首，新方五首。
五种蛊毒：《肘后方》记载：席辨刺史说：岭南俚人，多在饮食中毒，逐渐不能进食，胸背逐渐胀满，先恶寒像瘴气一样：用都淋藤十两，水一斗，酒二升，煮取三升，分三次服用。毒随小便排出。十天慎食毒物。不愈再服。当地人呼为三百两银药。又有支太医说：兜铃根一两研成末，水煎顿服，应当吐出蛊毒，未尽再服。或者研成末，水调服，也有效。中草蛊毒，此法在西凉之西及岭南。人中此毒，入咽欲死者：用兜铃苗一两，研成末。温水调服一钱，即消化蛊出，神效。（《圣惠方》）肠风漏血：马兜铃藤、谷精草、荆三棱（用乌头炒过），三味各等分。煎水，先熏后洗。
疔肿复发：马兜铃根捣烂，用蜘蛛网包裹敷贴，不久根须拔出。（《肘后备急方》）
恶蛇所伤：青木香半两，煎汤饮之。（《袖珍方》）
[Names] Maqianzi (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), Kushi Badou (Bencao Gangmu).
Li Shizhen said: Its shape resembles the connected coin patterns on a horse's body, hence the name Maqian.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Fan Mubie grows in Huiguo Country, and is now found throughout the Western regions. It is a creeping vine that blooms yellow flowers in summer. In the seventh and eighth months, it bears fruit resembling Trichosanthes fruit; green when raw and red when ripe, similar to Mubie. Its seeds are smaller than those of Mubie and white in color. Locals say it can treat one hundred and twenty kinds of diseases, with specific decoctions serving as guides for each condition. Some claim it is best used after processing with tofu. Others say it can poison dogs to death.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Typhoid fever and heat diseases, pharyngeal obstruction and pain, elimination of mass formations. It can be held in the mouth to swallow the juice, or ground into water and held in the mouth to swallow (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions.
Sore throat with pain: Equal parts of Fan Mubie, Qingmuxiang, and Shandougen, ground into powder and blown into the affected area. (Yang Gong, *Yifang Jiangyao*)
Throat wind with swelling: One kernel of Fan Mubie, 3 fen of Muxiang, ground together with water, mixed with 3 fen of Xiongdan and 5 fen of Danfan. Apply to the affected area with a chicken feather brush for effect. (Tang Yao, *Jingyan Fang*)
Sores entering the eye: Half a piece of Kushi Badouer (i.e., Maqianzi), 5 fen of Qingfen, Shuihua, and Yinzhu, plus a small amount of Pian Nao, Shexiang, and Ku Fan, ground into powder for eye application.
Abortion desire: Kushi Badouer ground into paste, inserted into the vagina three to four cun. (*Jijian Fang*)
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Correction] Merged with Duxing Gen from *Tang Bencao*.
[Names] Dulinteng (*Zhouhou Fang*), Duxing Gen (*Tang Bencao*), Tuqingmuxiang (*Tang Bencao*), Yunnan Gen (*Bencao Gangmu*).
Su Song said: It creeps up trees; its fruits hang even after leaves fall, resembling bells on a horse's neck, hence the name.
Li Shizhen said: Its root induces vomiting and diarrhea and has a slight fragrance, hence the names Duxing and Muxiang. People in Lingnan use it to treat Gu poison but hide its name, calling it "Three Hundred Taels of Silver Medicine." The *Zhouhou Fang* writes "Dulin," likely a transmission error.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song said: Duxing Gen grows beside ancient dikes and is found in plains, marshes, and forests. In southern mountains, it is called Tuqingmuxiang, also known as Douling Gen. It is a vine with round, astringent leaves resembling Aristolochia, and pale blue-white flowers. The fruit is long like a plum or peach, splitting into four pouch-like segments after October, containing flat seeds like elm samaras. The root is flat, about one chi long, smelling like Puerariae Radix, and resembling Hanfangji. Roots are harvested in February and August.
Kou Zongshi said: Malouding is found in Guanzhong, Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kuizhou, and Zhejiang. It sprouts in spring, climbing trees as a vine. Leaves resemble Dioscorea opposita but are thicker and white underneath. Yellow-purple flowers bloom in June, resembling Lycii Fructus flowers. Fruits ripen in July, date-sized and bell-shaped with four to five lobes. The root, named Yunnan Gen, resembles Muxiang slightly, is as thick as a little finger, and reddish-yellow.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: Upon harvesting fruits, remove leaves and vines, place in a raw silk bag at the east corner of the house, dry, split open, remove the membranous lining, and take the clean seeds to roast before use.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Zhen Quan said: Neutral. Li Shizhen said: Slightly bitter and pungent.
Zhang Gao said: Strong flavor, thin aroma, Yin with slight Yang, enters the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian.
[Indications] Lung-heat cough, phlegm accumulation with panting, bloody hemorrhoids and sores (*Kaibao Bencao*). Urgent upward reversal of Lung Qi, inability to lie flat, continuous retching and coughing (Zhen Quan). Clears Lung Qi, tonifies the Lung, removes damp-heat from the Lung.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Malouding is light and hollow; when mature, it hangs and opens into four lobes, resembling the Lung, thus entering the Lung channel. Cold in nature, bitter and slightly pungent in taste; cold clears Lung heat, while bitter and pungent descend Lung Qi. Qian Yi uses it in Bufei Ejiao San not to tonify the Lung, but to clear heat and descend Qi; once pathogenic factors are removed, the Lung is pacified. The Ejiao and glutinous rice in that formula are the actual Lung-tonifying agents. Excessive use in decoctions causes vomiting, which is why Cui Shi used it to induce vomiting for Gu poison. Thus, its inability to tonify the Lung is evident.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old, two new.
Lung asthma and rapid breathing: 2 liang of Malouding (shelled and deseeded), 0.5 liang of butter (mixed evenly in a bowl, stir-fried slowly until dry), 1 liang of roasted Gancao, ground into powder.
Take 1 qian per dose, decocted in one cup of water to six-tenths volume, taken warm or held in the mouth. (*Jianyao Jizhong Fang*) All types of heart pain, regardless of age or gender: One large Malouding, burned over a lamp until charred but retaining properties, ground into powder. Taken with warm wine for immediate effect. (*Zhaxuan Fang*)
Foreign body sensation in throat, unable to swallow or spit out, heat and oppression in the epigastrium: 1 liang of Douling, decocted in water and taken, inducing vomiting. (Cui Xinggong, *Zuanyao Fang*)
Hemorrhoid swelling and pain: Burn Malouding in a bottle and fumigate the affected area. (*Rihua Bencao*)
Duxing Gen
[Flavor and Properties] Acrid, bitter, cold, toxic. Meng Shen said: Non-toxic.
Su Song said: Toxic. Do not take in excess, as it causes persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
[Indications] Gui Zhu accumulations, various toxic hot swellings, snake bites. Grind with water into a paste and apply to the site, three to four times daily, for immediate cure. Decoct 1–2 liang, take the juice to vomit Gu poison. Also, grind into powder, mix with water, and apply to carbuncles for great effect (*Tang Bencao*). Treats blood and Qi disorders (Meng Shen). Promotes Large Intestine function, treats head wind itching and alopecia (Li Shizhen, from *Jingyi*).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, five new.
Five types of Gu poison: The *Zhouhou Fang* records: Governor Xi Bian stated that people in Lingnan often suffer from food poisoning, gradually losing appetite, with chest and back distension, preceded by chills resembling miasma: Use 10 liang of Dulinteng, 1 dou of water, and 2 sheng of wine, boil down to 3 sheng, divide into three doses. Poison exits via urine. Avoid toxic foods for ten days. If not cured, take again. Locals call it "Three Hundred Taels of Silver Medicine." Physician Zhi added: 1 liang of Douling Gen ground into powder, decocted in water and taken at once, should vomit out Gu poison; repeat if necessary. Or take powder mixed with water, also effective. For grass Gu poison prevalent west of Xiliang and in Lingnan: If poisoned and feeling near death upon ingestion: Take 1 liang of Douling seedlings, ground into powder. Mix with warm water, take 1 qian, digesting and expelling Gu poison with miraculous effect. (*Shenghui Fang*) Intestinal wind with bleeding: Equal parts of Malouding Teng, Gujingcao, and Jingsanleng (stir-fried with Aotou). Decoct in water, fumigate first then wash.
Recurrence of carbuncles: Mash Malouding Gen, wrap with spider web and apply; the root will emerge shortly. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Bite from vicious snakes: 0.5 liang of Qingmuxiang, decocted in water and drunk. (*Xiuzhen Fang*)