（《纲目》）
【集解】
时珍曰∶按∶《何 春渚纪闻》云∶宋徽宗时，将军萧注破南蛮，得其所养盐龙，长尺
余，
服一钱匕。后龙为蔡京所得，及死，以盐封，数日取用亦有力。愚按∶此物生于殊方，古所
不载，而有
（蛇类一十七种）
（《本经》下品）
【释名】蛇皮（甄权）、蛇壳（俗名）、
录》）、弓皮（《本经》）、蛇
时珍曰∶蛇字，古文象其宛转有盘曲之形。蜕音脱，又音退，退脱之义也。龙、弓、符
、筋，并后世 隐之名耳。
【集解】
《别录》曰∶生荆州川谷及田野。五月五日、十五日取之，良。
弘景曰∶草中少见虺蝮蜕，惟有长者，多是赤 、黄颔辈，其皮不可辨，但取石上完全
者为佳。
颂曰∶南中木石上，及人家墙屋间多有之。蛇蜕无时，但着不净即脱，或大饱亦脱。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，勿用青、黄、苍色者，只用白色如银者。先于地下掘坑，深一尺
二寸
时珍曰∶今人用蛇蜕，先以皂荚水洗净缠竹上，或酒、或醋、或蜜浸，炙黄用。或烧存
性，或盐泥固 ，各随方法。
【气味】咸、甘，平，无毒。火熬之良。
权曰∶有毒。畏磁石及酒。孕妇忌用。
【主治】小儿百二十种惊痫蛇痫，癫疾螈 ，弄舌摇头，寒热肠痔，蛊毒
大人五邪，言语僻越，止呕逆，明目。烧之疗诸恶疮
用辟恶，止小儿惊悸客
器曰∶正发日取塞两耳，又以手持少许，并服盐醋汁令吐。）辟恶去风杀虫。烧末服，治妇
人吹奶，大人喉风，退目翳，消木舌。敷小儿重舌重 ，唇紧解颅，面疮月蚀，天泡疮。大
人疔肿，漏疮肿毒。煮汤，洗诸恶虫伤（时珍）。
【发明】
宗 曰∶蛇蜕，从口退出，眼晴亦退。今眼药及去翳膜用之，取此义也。
时珍曰∶入药有四义∶一能辟恶，取其变化性灵也，故治邪僻、鬼魅、蛊疟诸疾；二能
去风，取其属巽性窜也，故治惊痫、癜驳、喉舌诸疾；三能杀虫，故治恶疮、
疾，用其毒也；四有蜕义，故治翳膜、胎产、皮肤诸疾，会意从类也。
【附方】旧十六，新二十。
喉痹∶《心镜》∶治小儿喉痹肿痛。烧末，以乳汁服一钱。
用蛇蜕（炙）、当归等分，为末。温酒服一钱，取吐。一方∶用蛇皮揉碎烧烟，竹筒吸入即
破。
一方∶蛇皮裹白梅一枚，噙咽。
药贴足心。（《婴孩宝鉴》）
金》）
死∶蛇蜕烧灰，拭净敷之。（《千金方》）
四易。（《千金方》）
和，敷之。（《肘后
周密《齐东野语》云∶小儿痘后障翳。用蛇蜕一条（洗焙），天花粉五分，为末。
开，
夹药缚定，米泔水煮食。予女及甥，皆用此得效，真奇方也。
细剪，以白面和作饼，炙焦黑色，为末。食后温水服一钱，日二次。（《圣惠方》）
全蛇蜕一条，烧存性研，温酒服之。
（《千金方》）
。《十全博救方》∶用蛇皮一条，瓶子内盐泥固， 研二钱，榆白皮汤服。《济生秘览》∶治逆
生
儿足心三七下，擦盐少许，即生。
蛇皮一尺七寸，烧末，温酒一盏服。（《产乳》）
石痈无脓，坚硬如石∶用蛇蜕皮贴之，经宿即愈。（《千金》）
敷上，即孔出。（《千金翼》）
汁立瘥。《直指》∶治鱼脐疮出水，四畔浮浆。用蛇蜕烧存性研，鸡子清和敷。
不瘥者∶全蜕一条烧灰，猪脂和敷。仍烧一条，温酒服。（《千金方》）
用蛇皮烧灰，醋调涂。《外台》∶用蛇蜕摩数百遍，令热，
痛苦∶用蛇皮一具烧灰，雄黄一弹丸，同研末。先以温浆洗疮，针破贴之。（初虞世方）
忽
大痛，如有虫在内奔走，或血水流出，或干痛不可忍者∶蛇退皮烧存性研，鹅翎吹之立愈。
经验秘方也。（杨拱《
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】
李时珍说：据《春渚纪闻》记载：宋徽宗时期，将军萧注攻破南蛮，得到了他们饲养的盐龙，身长一尺多，服用一钱匕。后来这条龙被蔡京得到，等到它死后，用盐封存，过了几天取出使用依然有力。我考察认为：这种物品产于奇异的地方，古代书籍未曾记载，而有……
（蛇类共十七种）
【释名】
蛇皮（甄权）、蛇壳（俗名）、弓皮（《神农本草经》）、蛇符、蛇筋，都是后世隐晦的名称。
李时珍说：“蛇”字，古文字形象地描绘了它宛转盘曲的形状。“蜕”音同“脱”，又音同“退”，意为退去、脱落的意思。龙、弓、符、筋，都是后世隐晦的名称罢了。
【集解】
《名医别录》说：生于荆州的山川河谷及田野间。五月五日或十五日采集，品质较好。
陶弘景说：草丛中少见的虺蝮蛇蜕，只有较长的，大多是赤鳞、黄颔之类的蛇，它们的皮难以辨认，只取石头上完整的为佳。
苏颂说：南方树木石头上，以及人家墙屋间多有之。蛇蜕没有固定时间，只要附着在不洁净处就脱落，或者吃得太饱也会脱落。
【修治】
雷敩说：凡使用，不要用青色、黄色、苍色的，只用白色如银者。先在地下挖坑，深一尺二寸……
李时珍说：现在人用蛇蜕，先用皂荚水洗净缠在竹上，或用酒、醋、蜜浸泡，炙烤至黄色使用。或者烧存性，或者用盐泥固封，各随方法而定。
【气味】
咸、甘，平，无毒。火熬制效果好。
甄权说：有毒。畏磁石及酒。孕妇忌用。
【主治】
小儿一百二十种惊痫、蛇痫，癫疾抽搐，弄舌摇头，寒热肠痔，蛊毒；大人五邪，言语错乱，止呕逆，明目。烧成灰治疗各种恶疮。
用蛇蜕辟除恶气，止小儿惊悸客忤。（正发作日取蛇蜕塞两耳，又手持少许，并服盐醋汁令其呕吐。）辟恶去风杀虫。烧成末服用，治疗妇人吹乳（急性乳腺炎），大人喉风，退目翳，消木舌。敷于小儿重舌、重龈、唇紧解颅、面疮月蚀、天泡疮。大人疔肿，漏疮肿毒。煮汤，洗各种恶虫咬伤。（李时珍补充）。
【发明】
寇宗奭说：蛇蜕从口中退出，眼睛也随之退去。现在的眼药及去除翳膜的药物中使用它，就是取这个意思。
李时珍说：入药有四个含义：一是能辟恶，取其变化性灵的特性，所以治疗邪僻、鬼魅、蛊疟等各种疾病；二是能去风，取其属巽卦、性质窜动的特性，所以治疗惊痫、癜驳、喉舌等各种疾病；三是能杀虫，所以治疗恶疮、寄生虫病，利用它的毒性；四是有蜕变的含义，所以治疗翳膜、胎产、皮肤等各种疾病，这是会意从类的道理。
【附方】旧方十六首，新方二十首。
喉痹：《心镜》：治疗小儿喉痹肿痛。烧成末，用乳汁送服一钱。
用蛇蜕（炙）、当归等分，研为末。温酒送服一钱，令其呕吐。一方：用蛇皮揉碎烧烟，用竹筒吸入即破。
一方：用蛇皮包裹白梅一枚，含咽。
药贴足心。（《婴孩宝鉴》）
金疮出血：蛇蜕烧灰，拭净敷之。（《千金方》）
……四易。（《千金方》）
和，敷之。（《肘后方》）
周密《齐东野语》说：小儿痘后障翳。用蛇蜕一条（洗焙），天花粉五分，研为末。开……夹药缚定，米泔水煮食。我的女儿和外甥，都用此方见效，真是奇方啊。
细剪，用白面和作饼，炙焦黑色，研为末。饭后温水送服一钱，每日二次。（《圣惠方》）
全蛇蜕一条，烧存性研末，温酒送服。（《千金方》）
……《十全博救方》：用蛇皮一条，瓶子内盐泥固封，研二钱，榆白皮汤送服。《济生秘览》：治疗逆生（难产），儿足心三七下，擦盐少许，即生。
蛇皮一尺七寸，烧成末，温酒一盏送服。（《产乳》）
石痈无脓，坚硬如石：用蛇蜕皮贴之，过一夜即愈。（《千金方》）
敷上，即孔出。（《千金翼方》）
汁立瘥。《直指》：治疗鱼脐疮出水，四畔浮浆。用蛇蜕烧存性研，鸡子清调和敷。
不瘥者：全蜕一条烧灰，猪脂调和敷。仍烧一条，温酒送服。（《千金方》）
用蛇皮烧灰，醋调涂。《外台》：用蛇蜕摩数百遍，令热，痛苦：用蛇皮一具烧灰，雄黄一弹丸大小，同研末。先以温浆洗疮，针破贴之。（初虞世方）
忽大痛，如有虫在内奔走，或血水流出，或干痛不可忍者：蛇退皮烧存性研，鹅翎吹之立愈。经验秘方也。（杨拱《……》）
(Introduction to *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen states: According to the *Chunzhu Jiwen*, during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, General Xiao Zhu defeated the Southern Barbarians and obtained a "Salt Dragon" they had raised. It was slightly over one chi in length. A dose of one qianbi (a small spoonful) was taken. Later, this dragon fell into the possession of Cai Jing. After its death, it was sealed with salt; when retrieved after several days for use, it still possessed potency. I have investigated that this substance originates from remote regions and is not recorded in ancient texts, yet...
(Seventeen species of snakes)
(Under-grade Materia Medica from *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names]
Shepi (Zhen Quan), Sheke (common name), Gongpi (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Shefu, Shejin. These are all obscure names used in later periods.
Li Shizhen says: The character "She" (Snake) in ancient script depicts its winding and coiling shape. "Tui" (Molt/Shed skin) is pronounced like "tuo" or "tui," meaning to shed or retreat. Terms such as Long (Dragon), Gong (Bow), Fu (Talisman), and Jin (Sinew) are merely obscure appellations coined in later eras.
[Collected Explanations]
*Mianning Bie Lu* states: It grows in the rivers, valleys, and fields of Jingzhou. Collected on the fifth or fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month, it is of superior quality.
Tao Hongjing states: Molted skins of venomous snakes like Hui and Fu are rarely found in grass; those that are long usually belong to snakes with red scales or yellow throats, whose skins are hard to distinguish. It is best to collect complete specimens found on stones.
Su Song states: They are abundant on trees and rocks in the south, as well as on house walls and roofs. Snakes shed their skins at any time, often when adhering to unclean places or after eating too much.
[Processing]
Lei Xiao states: When preparing, do not use green, yellow, or grayish ones; only use white ones resembling silver. First, dig a pit underground, one chi two cun deep...
Li Shizhen states: Currently, people prepare snake molt by first washing it with soap pod water and wrapping it around bamboo, or soaking it in wine, vinegar, or honey, then roasting until yellow before use. Alternatively, it may be calcined to retain its properties ("cun xing") or sealed with salt mud, depending on the specific prescription.
[Properties and Flavors]
Salty, sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Roasting over fire enhances its efficacy.
Zhen Quan states: Toxic. Adversely affected by magnetite and alcohol. Contraindicated for pregnant women.
[Indications]
For pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, and snake-like spasms of various kinds; manic disorders with tongue protrusion and head shaking; alternating chills and fever; intestinal hemorrhoids; gu poison; adult "five evils" with erratic speech; stopping vomiting and regurgitation; brightening the eyes. Calcined powder treats various malignant sores.
Used to ward off evil spirits and stop pediatric fright and alien qi invasion. (On the day of onset, insert into both ears, hold a small amount in hand, and drink salt-vinegar juice to induce vomiting.) Wards off evil, expels wind, and kills parasites. Calcined powder taken internally treats puerperal mastitis ("chui nai"), adult throat wind, reduces corneal opacity, and resolves wooden tongue. Applied topically to pediatric double tongue, double gums, tight lips, craniolysis, facial sores, tinea capitis, and bullous impetigo. Treats adult carbuncles, fistulas, and swollen toxins. Decoction washes wounds from malicious insect bites. (Supplemented by Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Kou Zongshi states: Snake molt is expelled from the mouth, and the eyes are also cleared. This principle is applied in eye medicines and treatments for removing corneal opacities.
Li Shizhen states: There are four reasons for its medicinal use: First, it wards off evil due to its transformative and spiritual nature, thus treating aberrant diseases, demonic influences, and gu malaria. Second, it expels wind due to its association with the Xun trigram and its penetrating nature, thus treating convulsions, skin patches, and throat/tongue disorders. Third, it kills parasites, thus treating malignant sores and parasitic diseases, utilizing its inherent toxicity. Fourth, it embodies the concept of shedding/molt, thus treating corneal opacities, obstetric issues, and skin diseases, following the principle of sympathetic magic and classification.
[Attached Prescriptions] Sixteen old prescriptions, twenty new prescriptions.
Throat Bi (*Houbi*): *Xin Jing*: Treats pediatric throat Bi with swelling and pain. Calcined to powder, taken with milk, one qian.
Use roasted She Tui and Dang Gui in equal parts, powdered. Taken with warm wine, one qian, to induce vomiting. Another prescription: Crush snake skin, burn to smoke, and inhale through a bamboo tube to break up obstruction.
Another prescription: Wrap a white plum in snake skin and swallow while holding in the mouth.
Medicated plaster applied to the sole of the foot. (*Yinghan Baojian*)
Golden wound bleeding: Snake molt burned to ash, wiped clean, and applied. (*Qianjin Fang*)
... Change four times. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Mix and apply. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Zhou Mi's *Qidong Yeyu* states: For corneal opacity after smallpox in children. Use one strip of washed and dried She Tui, five fen of Tian Hua Fen, powdered. Apply... bind tightly, boil in rice water and eat. My daughter and nephew both recovered using this formula; truly a miraculous prescription.
Cut finely, mix with white flour to make cakes, roast until black, powder. Take one qian with warm water after meals, twice daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
One whole She Tui, calcined to retain properties, powdered, taken with warm wine. (*Qianjin Fang*)
... *Shiquan Bojiu Fang*: Use one strip of snake skin, seal in a bottle with salt mud, powder two qian, take with Ulmi Cortex decoction. *Jisheng Milan*: Treats breech presentation. Rub the infant's sole thirty-seven times with a little salt, delivery ensues immediately.
One chi seven cun of snake skin, burned to powder, taken with one cup of warm wine. (*Chanru*)
Stone abscess without pus, hard as stone: Apply She Tui skin; healed overnight. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Apply, and the matter will exit through the pore. (*Qianjin Yi*)
Cure is immediate. *Zhizhi*: Treats fish-umbilicus sore with discharge and floating foam around edges. Calcined She Tui powder mixed with egg white for application.
If not cured: Burn one whole molt to ash, mix with lard for application. Also burn one strip, take with warm wine. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Burn snake skin to ash, mix with vinegar for topical application. *Waitai*: Rub She Tui hundreds of times until hot... Pain: Burn one whole snake skin to ash, mix with realgar the size of a bullet, powder together. Wash sore with warm grain water, puncture, and apply. (Chu Yushi Fang)
Sudden severe pain, as if insects running inside, or blood/water discharge, or unbearable dry pain: Calcined snake molt powder blown into the area with a goose feather brings immediate relief. An empirical secret recipe. (Yang Gong...)