（宋《开宝》）
【释名】蛤蟹（《日华》）、仙蟾。
志曰∶一雌一雄，常自呼其名。
时珍曰∶蛤蚧，因声而名，仙蟾，因形而名；岭南人呼蛙为蛤，又因其首如蛙、蟾也。
雷以雄为蛤，以雌为蚧，亦通。
【集解】
志曰∶蛤蚧生岭南山谷，及城墙或大树间。形如大守宫，身长四五寸，尾与身等。最惜
其
中，
背有细鳞，如蚕子，土黄色，身短尾长
鸣一声是一年者。俚人采鬻，云治肺疾。
曰∶生广南水中，夜即居于榕树上。雌雄相随，投一获二。近日西路亦有之，其状虽
小，滋力一般。俚人采之割腹，以竹张开，曝干鬻之。
铁叉，如粘 竿状，伺于榕木间，以叉刺之，一股中脑，一股着尾，故不能啮也。入药须雌
雄两用。或云阳人用雌，阴人用雄。
曰∶雄为蛤，皮粗口大，身小尾粗；雌为蚧，皮细口尖，身大尾小。
时珍曰∶按∶段公路《北户录》云∶其首如蟾蜍，背浅绿色，上有土黄斑点，如古锦纹，
长
西横州甚
知觉，以手分
者，不论牝牡，但可为杂药及兽医方中之用耳。
【修治】
曰∶其毒在眼。须去眼及甲上、尾上、腹上肉毛，以酒浸透，隔两重纸缓焙令干，以
瓷器盛，悬屋东角上一夜用之，力可十倍，勿伤尾也。
鬣内不净，以酥炙用（或用蜜炙）。
李 曰∶凡用须炙令黄色，熟捣。口含少许，奔走不喘息者，为真也。宜丸散中用
【气味】咸，平，有小毒。《日华》曰∶无毒。
【主治】久咳嗽，肺劳传尸，杀鬼物邪气，下淋沥，通水道（《开
下石淋，通月经，治肺气，疗咳血（《日华》）。肺痿咯血，咳嗽上气，治折伤（《海药》）。
补肺气，益精血，定喘止嗽，疗肺痈消
【发明】
宗 曰∶补肺虚劳嗽有功。
时珍曰∶昔人言补可去弱，人参羊肉之属。蛤蚧补肺气，定喘止渴，功同人参。益阴血
，助精扶羸，功同羊肉。近世治劳损痿弱，许叔微治消渴，皆用之，俱取其滋补也。刘纯云∶
气液衰、阴血竭者，宜用之。何大英云∶定喘止嗽，莫佳于此。
【附方】旧二。
久嗽肺痈∶宗 曰∶久嗽不
噎痛。用蛤蚧、阿胶、鹿角胶、生犀角、羚羊角各二钱半，用河水三升，银石器内容火熬至
半升，滤汁。时
浮
半两为末，化蜡四两，和作六饼。每煮糯米薄粥一盏，投入一饼搅化，细细热呷之。（《普
济》）
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】蛤蟹（出自《日华子本草》）、仙蟾。
苏颂说：一雌一雄，常常自己呼唤它们的名字。
李时珍说：蛤蚧，是因为叫声而得名；仙蟾，是因为外形而得名；岭南人把蛙称为蛤，又因为它的头像蛙、像蟾蜍，所以得名。
雷斅认为雄性的叫蛤，雌性的叫蚧，这也是通的。
【集解】
苏颂说：蛤蚧生长在岭南的山谷中，以及城墙或大树之间。形状像大的守宫（壁虎），身长四五寸，尾巴和身体一样长。人们最爱惜它的中段，背部有细鳞，像蚕子一样，呈土黄色，身短尾长。鸣叫一声代表是一岁的。民间百姓采集并售卖，据说能治疗肺疾。
寇宗奭说：生长在广南的水边，晚上就居住在榕树上。雌雄相随，投网一次能捕获两只。最近西路也有出产，虽然体型较小，但滋补力量一般。民间百姓采集后割开腹部，用竹片撑开，晒干后售卖。
使用铁叉，像粘竿的形状，在榕树间守候，用叉刺它，一股刺中脑部，一股钩住尾部，所以它不能咬人。入药必须雌雄两用。有人说阳虚的人用雌性，阴虚的人用雄性。
陶隐士（注：此处原文可能有误，通常指前代医家观点，结合上下文应为描述形态差异）说：雄性为蛤，皮粗糙口大，身小尾粗；雌性为蚧，皮细腻口尖，身大尾小。
李时珍说：查阅段公路的《北户录》记载：它的头像蟾蜍，背浅绿色，上面有土黄色的斑点，像古锦的纹路，长在广西横州最为常见。知觉灵敏，用手分开……（原文此处有缺漏/错乱）。不论公母，都可以作为杂药及兽医方中的用途。
【修治】
雷斅说：它的毒性在眼睛。必须去掉眼睛以及指甲上、尾巴上、腹部的肉毛，用酒浸透，隔着两层纸缓慢焙干，用瓷器盛装，挂在屋子东角上一夜后再使用，药效可增强十倍，不要损伤尾巴。
鬣内不干净，用酥油炙烤使用（或者用蜜炙）。
李珣说：凡是用都要炙烤至黄色，熟捣碎。含在嘴里少许，奔走而不喘息的，就是真品。适宜在丸剂散剂中使用。
【主治】久咳，肺劳传尸（肺结核等消耗性疾病），杀鬼物邪气，下淋沥，通水道（《开宝本草》）。下石淋，通月经，治肺气，疗咳血（《日华子本草》）。肺痿咯血，咳嗽上气，治折伤（《海药本草》）。补肺气，益精血，定喘止嗽，疗肺痈消渴（原文此处似有截断，根据常识补全意译）
【发明】
寇宗奭说：补肺虚劳嗽有功。
李时珍说：古人说补法可以去弱，如人参、羊肉之类。蛤蚧补肺气，定喘止渴，功效同人参。益阴血，助精扶羸，功效同羊肉。近世治疗劳损痿弱，许叔微治疗消渴，都用它，都是取其滋补的作用。刘纯说：气液衰、阴血竭的人，适宜使用它。何大英说：定喘止嗽，没有比这更好的了。
【附方】旧方二首。
久嗽肺痈：寇宗奭说：久咳不止……噎痛。用蛤蚧、阿胶、鹿角胶、生犀角、羚羊角各二钱半，用河水三升，银石器内容火熬至半升，滤汁。李时珍说：……浮……半两为末，化蜡四两，和作六饼。每煮糯米薄粥一盏，投入一饼搅化，细细热呷之。（《普济方》）
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao* Record)
[Names] Ha Xie (from *Rihua Bencao*), Xian Chan.
Su Song stated: One male and one female, often calling out their own names.
Li Shizhen stated: *Gejie* is named after its sound; *Xianchan* is named after its shape; people in Lingnan call frogs "Ha", and since its head resembles a frog and a toad, it is so named.
Lei Xiao considered the male as "Ha" and the female as "Jie", which is also acceptable.
[Collection and Explanation]
Su Song stated: *Gejie* grows in the valleys of Lingnan, as well as on city walls or large trees. Its shape resembles a large gecko (*Shou Gong*), with a body length of four to five cun, and a tail equal in length to the body. People value its midsection most; the back has fine scales like silkworm eggs, yellowish-brown, with a short body and long tail. One cry indicates one year of age. Folk people collect and sell it, claiming it treats lung diseases.
Kou Zongshi stated: It lives in the waters of Guangnan and resides on banyan trees at night. Male and female follow each other; casting a net once catches two. Recently, there are also those in the Western Route; although smaller, their nourishing power is average. Folk people collect them, cut open their bellies, prop them open with bamboo strips, dry them in the sun, and sell them.
Using an iron fork, shaped like a sticky pole, waiting among banyan trees, stabbing with the fork, one part pierces the brain, another hooks the tail, thus it cannot bite. For medicinal use, both male and female must be used together. Some say men with Yang deficiency use females, and women with Yin deficiency use males.
(Tao Hongjing's view implied): The male is "Ha", with rough skin, large mouth, small body, and thick tail; the female is "Jie", with fine skin, pointed mouth, large body, and thin tail.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Duan Gonglu's *Buhu Lu*: Its head resembles a toad, back light green, with yellowish-brown spots like ancient brocade patterns, growing abundantly in Hengzhou, Guangxi. [Text fragment missing]. Regardless of gender, they can be used in miscellaneous medicines and veterinary prescriptions.
[Processing]
Lei Xiao stated: Its toxicity lies in the eyes. One must remove the eyes, as well as the hair/flesh on the claws, tail, and abdomen. Soak thoroughly in wine, slowly bake between two layers of paper until dry, store in a porcelain vessel, hang in the east corner of the house for one night before use; the efficacy increases tenfold. Do not damage the tail.
If the dorsal crest is unclean, roast with butter (or honey).
Li Xun stated: Whenever used, roast until yellow, then crush when cooked. Place a small amount in the mouth; if one can run without panting, it is genuine. Suitable for use in pills and powders.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, neutral, slightly toxic. *Rihua Bencao* states: Non-toxic.
[Indications] Chronic cough, pulmonary tuberculosis/consumption (*Chuan Shi*), expelling evil spirits/qi, treating strangury/dribbling, promoting water passages (*Kaibao Bencao*). Treating kidney stones (*Shi Lin*), regulating menstruation, treating lung qi, healing hemoptysis (*Rihua Bencao*). Pulmonary fibrosis with hemoptysis, cough with qi rebellion, treating fractures (*Haiyao Bencao*). Tonifying lung qi, benefiting essence and blood, calming asthma and stopping cough, treating lung abscess and wasting-thirst syndrome.
[Elucidation]
Kou Zongshi stated: Effective for tonifying lung deficiency and chronic cough due to consumption.
Li Shizhen stated: Ancients said tonification removes weakness, such as with Ginseng and mutton. *Gejie* tonifies lung qi, calms asthma, and stops thirst/cough, with effects similar to Ginseng. It benefits yin-blood, assists essence, and supports emaciation, with effects similar to mutton. In recent times, for treating consumptive weakness, Xu Shimwei used it for wasting-thirst syndrome, all utilizing its nourishing properties. Liu Chun stated: Those with depletion of qi/fluids and exhaustion of yin-blood should use it. He Daying stated: For calming asthma and stopping cough, nothing is better than this.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old prescriptions.
Chronic cough and lung abscess: Kou Zongshi stated: Chronic cough... choking pain. Use *Gejie*, Ejiao, Deer Antler Gelatin, Raw Rhinoceros Horn, and Antelope Horn, each 2.5 qian. Boil in three sheng of river water in a silver or ceramic vessel over fire until reduced to half a sheng, filter the juice. Li Shizhen stated: ...float... grind half liang into powder, melt four liang of wax, mix into six cakes. Each time, boil a cup of thin rice porridge, put in one cake, stir to dissolve, drink slowly while hot. (*Puji Fang*)