（宋《开宝》）
【释名】石僵蚕（《纲目》）。
【集解】志曰∶石蚕生海岸石旁，状如蚕，其实石也。
【气味】苦，热，无毒。《药诀》曰∶苦，热，有毒。独孤滔曰∶制丹砂。
【主治】金疮止血生肌，破石淋血结，磨服，当下碎石（《开宝》）。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶石鳖生海边，形状大小俨如 虫，盖亦化成者。 虫，俗名土鳖。
【气味】甘，凉，无毒。
【主治】淋疾血病，磨水服（时珍）。
（《唐本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶蛇黄出岭南，蛇腹中得之，圆重如锡，黄黑青杂色。
志曰∶蛇黄多赤色，有吐出者，野人或得之。
颂曰∶今越州、信州亦有之。今医所用，云是蛇冬蛰时所含土，到春发蛰吐之而去，大
如弹丸，坚如石，外黄内黑色，二月采之。与旧说不同，未知孰是？
时珍曰∶蛇黄生腹中，正如牛黄之意。世人因其难得，遂以蛇含石代之，以其同出于蛇
故尔。广西平南县有蛇黄冈，土人九月掘下七、八尺，始得蛇黄，大者如鸡子，小者如弹丸，
其色紫。《庚辛玉册》云∶蛇含自是一种石，云蛇入蛰时，含土一块，起蛰时化作黄石，不
稽之言也。有人掘蛇窟寻之，并无此说。
【修治】大明曰∶入药烧赤醋淬三、四次，研末水飞用。
【气味】冷，无毒。
【主治】心痛疰忤，石淋，小儿惊痫，妇人产难，以水煮研服汁（《唐本》）。
镇心（大明）。磨汁，涂肿毒（时珍）。
【附方】新六。
暗风痫疾∶忽然仆地，不知人事，良久方醒。蛇黄，火 醋淬七次，为末。每调酒服二
钱，数服愈。年深者亦效。（危氏《得效方》）
惊风痫疳∶神穴丹∶治急惊风、痫疾、天吊、疳热等证。用紫色蛇黄四两（ 过），
猪屎二两（小者泥固 过），铁粉一两，朱砂半两，麝香一钱。为末，糯粉糊丸芡子大，漆
盘晒
干。看之每丸有一小穴，故名神穴丹。每服一丸，薄荷酒化下，立苏。疳热，冷水化下。（《灵
苑方》）
小儿项软因风虚者∶蛇含石一块（ 七次，醋淬七次研），郁金等分。为末，入麝香少
许，白米饭丸龙眼大。每服一丸，薄荷汤化服，一日一服。（《活幼全书》）
瘴疟鬼疟食疟。蛇含石末一两，信石（末）一两。
研匀，入水火鼎内，上以盏盖，六一泥固济， 至药升在盏，刮下为末，米糕糊丸绿豆
大，雄黄为衣。每服一丸，黑豆研水，五更送下。（《摘玄方》）
血痢不止∶蛇含石二枚。火 醋淬，研末。每服三钱，米饮下。（《普济方》）
肠风下血脱肛∶蛇黄二颗。火 醋淬七次，为末。每服三钱，陈米饮下。（《普济方》）
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】石僵蚕（出自《本草纲目》）。
【集解】苏颂说：石蚕生长在海岸边的石头旁，形状像蚕，但实际上是石头。
【气味】味苦，性热，无毒。《药诀》说：味苦，性热，有毒。独孤滔说：能制约丹砂的毒性。
【主治】金创出血时止血并促进肌肉生长，破除石淋和血结，研磨后服用，能使碎石排出（出自《开宝本草》）。
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：石鳖生长在海边，形状大小完全像土鳖虫，大概也是由其他物质变化而成的。土鳖虫，俗称土鳖。
【气味】味甘，性凉，无毒。
【主治】淋疾和血病，研磨成水服用（李时珍）。
（唐代《新修本草》）
【集解】苏恭说：蛇黄产于岭南地区，在蛇腹中得到，圆形沉重如锡，颜色黄、黑、青混杂。
苏颂说：蛇黄多呈赤色，有被吐出来的情况，野人有时能得到它。
苏颂又说：现在越州、信州也有出产。现在医生所使用的，说是蛇冬眠时所含的泥土，到春天苏醒时吐出而遗留下来的，大如弹丸，坚硬如石，外面黄色里面黑色，二月采集。这与旧的说法不同，不知道哪个是正确的？
李时珍说：蛇黄生于蛇腹中，正如牛黄的道理一样。世人因为蛇黄难得，就用蛇含石来代替它，因为它们都出自蛇的缘故。广西平南县有蛇黄冈，当地人九月向下挖掘七八尺深，才能找到蛇黄，大的像鸡蛋，小的像弹丸，颜色紫红。《庚辛玉册》说：蛇含石是一种独立的石头，说是蛇进入冬眠时含着一块土，春天气温回升蛇苏醒时化作黄石，这是没有根据的话。有人挖掘蛇洞寻找，并没有这种说法。
【修治】陈藏器说：入药时要烧红后用醋淬炼三到四次，研成粉末，用水飞法处理使用。
【气味】性冷，无毒。
【主治】心痛、疰忤（一种传染性或精神类疾病）、石淋、小儿惊痫、妇人难产，用水煮后研磨取汁服用（出自《唐本草》）。
镇心安神（陈藏器）。研磨成汁，涂抹肿毒（李时珍）。
【附方】新增六首。
暗风痫疾：突然倒地，不知人事，很久才清醒。用蛇黄，用火煅红后用醋淬炼七次，研成粉末。每次调酒服用二钱，服几次即可痊愈。病程长的也有效。（危亦林《得效方》）
惊风痫疳：神穴丹：治疗急惊风、痫疾、天吊（抽搐上翻）、疳热等证候。用紫色蛇黄四两（煅过），猪屎二两（小的用泥封固煅过），铁粉一两，朱砂半两，麝香一钱。研成粉末，用糯米粉糊做成芡子大小的丸药，放在漆盘中晒干。观察每丸有一小孔，所以名叫神穴丹。每次服用一丸，用薄荷酒化开送下，立即苏醒。如果是疳热，用冷水化开送下。（《灵苑方》）
小儿项软因风虚所致：蛇含石一块（煅七次，醋淬七次后研细），郁金等分。研成粉末，加入少许麝香，用白米饭做成龙眼大小的丸药。每次服用一丸，用薄荷汤化开服用，每天一次。（《活幼全书》）
瘴疟、鬼疟、食疟。蛇含石末一两，信石（末）一两。
研匀，放入水火鼎内，上面用盏盖住，用六一泥封固，煅烧直到药物升华到盏底，刮下来研成粉末，用米糕糊做成绿豆大小的丸药，以雄黄为衣。每次服用一丸，用黑豆研水，在五更天送下。（《摘玄方》）
血痢不止：蛇含石二枚。用火煅红后醋淬，研成粉末。每次服用三钱，用米饮送下。（《普济方》）
肠风下血脱肛：蛇黄二颗。用火煅红后醋淬七次，研成粉末。每次服用三钱，用陈米饮送下。（《普济方》）
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Shi Jiangcan (Stone Silkworm) (*Bencao Gangmu*).
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Shi Can grows beside rocks on the coast. Its shape resembles a silkworm, but it is actually stone.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, hot, non-toxic. *Yaojue* states: Bitter, hot, toxic. Dugu Tao stated: It can moderate the toxicity of Cinnabar (Zhusha).
[Indications] Stops bleeding and promotes tissue regeneration for traumatic wounds; breaks up lithiasis (Shi Lin) and blood stasis. When ground and ingested, it facilitates the expulsion of kidney stones (*Kaibao Bencao*).
(*Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Shi Die grows by the sea. Its shape and size are exactly like the earth beetle (Tu Bie), likely formed through transformation. The earth beetle is commonly known as Tu Bie.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats strangury (Lin Ji) and bloody diseases. Grind into water and ingest (Li Shizhen).
(Tang Dynasty *Xinxiu Bencao*)
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong stated: She Huang (Snake Gallstone) originates from Lingnan. It is found in the snake's abdomen, round and heavy like tin, with mixed colors of yellow, black, and green.
Su Song stated: She Huang is mostly reddish. Some have been vomited out, and wild people sometimes obtain them.
Su Song further stated: They are now also produced in Yuezhou and Xinzhou. The ones currently used by physicians are said to be soil contained by snakes during hibernation, which they expel when waking up in spring. They are as large as a pellet, hard as stone, yellow outside and black inside, harvested in February. This differs from older accounts, and it is unknown which is correct.
Li Shizhen stated: She Huang forms within the snake's abdomen, similar to the principle of Niu Huang (Cow Bezoar). Because She Huang is rare, people substitute it with She Han Shi (Ophicalcite), as both are associated with snakes. In She Huang Gang, Pingnan County, Guangxi, locals dig seven or eight feet deep in September to find She Huang. Large ones are egg-sized, small ones pellet-sized, and their color is purple. *Gengxin Yuce* claims that She Han Shi is a distinct stone, formed when a snake holds soil during hibernation which turns into yellow stone upon awakening. This is unverified talk. Those who dug snake burrows found no evidence of this.
[Processing] Chen Zangqi stated: For medicinal use, calcine until red, quench in vinegar three to four times, grind into powder, and process using the water levigation method.
[Flavor and Properties] Cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats heart pain, Zhuwu (a type of infectious or mental disorder), lithiasis, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, and difficult labor in women. Boil in water, grind, and ingest the juice (*Tang Bencao*).
Calms the heart and spirit (Chen Zangqi). Grind into juice and apply topically to swellings and toxins (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Six new prescriptions.
An Feng Xian Ji (Hidden Wind Epilepsy): Sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, recovering after a long time. Take She Huang, calcine red, quench in vinegar seven times, and grind into powder. Mix with wine and take two qian per dose. Several doses cure it. Effective even for chronic cases. (Wei Shi *Defang Fang*)
Jing Feng Xian Gan (Convulsive Wind, Epilepsy, and Infantile Malnutrition): Shenxue Dan: Treats acute convulsive wind, epilepsy, Tian Diao (upward deviation of eyes/head), and Gan Re (malnutrition heat). Use four liang of purple She Huang (calcined), two liang of pig feces (small ones sealed with mud and calcined), one liang of Ferrum Preparatum (Tiefen), half a liang of Cinnabar (Zhusha), and one qian of Moschus (Shexiang). Grind into powder, make pills the size of Euryale seeds using glutinous rice paste, and dry in a lacquer tray. Each pill has a small hole, hence the name Shenxue Dan. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in mint wine, for immediate recovery. For Gan Re, dissolve in cold water. (*Lingyuan Fang*)
Pediatric Neck Flaccidity due to Wind Deficiency: One piece of She Han Shi (calcined seven times, quenched in vinegar seven times, and finely ground), equal parts of Curcuma Aromatica (Yujin). Grind into powder, add a little Moschus (Shexiang), and form pills the size of a longan fruit using white rice paste. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in mint decoction, once daily. (*Huoyou Quanshu*)
Zhang Malaria, Gui Malaria, and Food Malaria. One liang of She Han Shi powder, one liang of Realgar (Xinshi/Shishi) powder.
Grind uniformly, place in a Huo Shui Ding (water-fire furnace), cover with a bowl, seal with Liu Yi Ni (Six-One Mud), and calcine until the medicine sublimates into the bowl. Scrape down, grind into powder, and form pills the size of mung beans using rice cake paste, coated with Realgar (Xionghuang). Take one pill per dose, administered at dawn (Wu Geng) with water made from grinding black soybeans. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Unremitting Bloody Dysentery: Two pieces of She Han Shi. Calcine red, quench in vinegar, and grind into powder. Take three qian per dose, with rice drink. (*Pujifang*)
Intestinal Wind Bleeding and Rectal Prolapse: Two pieces of She Huang. Calcine red, quench in vinegar seven times, and grind into powder. Take three qian per dose, with aged rice drink. (*Pujifang*)