（宋《开宝》）
【集解】志曰∶石蟹生南海，云是寻常蟹尔，年月深久，水沫相着，因化成石，每遇海
潮即飘出。又有一种入洞穴年深者亦然。皆细研水飞，入诸药相助用之。
颂曰∶近海州郡皆有之。体质石也，而都与蟹相似，但有泥与粗石相着尔。
时珍曰∶按∶顾 《海槎录》云∶崖州榆林港内半里许，土极细腻，最寒，但蟹入则不
能运动，片时成石矣。人获之名石蟹，置之几案，云能明目也。复有石虾似虾，出海边；石
鱼似鱼，出湘山县。石鱼、虾并不入药用。《一统志》言∶凤翔 阳县西有山鱼陇，掘地破
石得之，云可辟蠹。
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】青盲目淫，肤翳疔翳，漆疮（《开宝》）。解一切药毒并蛊毒，天行热疾，催
生落胎，疗血晕，并熟水磨服（大明）。醋摩敷痈肿。热水磨服，解金石毒（苏颂）。
【附方】新一。
喉痹肿痛∶石蟹，磨水饮，并涂喉外。（《圣济录》）
（宋《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶石蛇，出南海水旁山石间，其形盘屈如蛇，无首尾，内空，红紫色，以
左盘者良。又似车螺，不知何物所化？大抵与石蟹同类，功用亦相近。
宗 曰∶石蛇，色如古墙上土，盘结如查梨大，空中，两头巨细一等。不与石蟹同类，
蟹则真蟹所化，蛇非真蛇。今人用之绝少。
时珍曰∶按∶姚宽《西溪丛话》云∶南恩州海边有石山嘴，每蟹过之则化为石，蛇过亦
然。此说不知果否？若然，则石蛇亦真蛇所化。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】解金石毒（苏颂）。
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【集解】苏颂说：石蟹产于南海，说是普通的螃蟹，经过年深日久，海水泡沫附着其上，因而化为石头，每当遇到海潮就会漂浮出来。又有一种进入洞穴多年的也是如此。都将其细细研磨，用水飞法处理，加入其他药物中辅助使用。
苏颂说：近海的州郡都有出产。其质地是石头，但整体都与螃蟹相似，只是混杂了泥土和粗石罢了。
李时珍说：查阅顾《海槎录》记载：崖州榆林港内半里许的地方，土壤极其细腻，性质极寒，只要螃蟹进入其中，片刻之间就不能动弹，随即变成石头。人们获得它后命名为石蟹，放置在书案上，据说能明目。另外还有石虾，形状像虾，出产于海边；石鱼，形状像鱼，出产于湘山县。石鱼、石虾都不入药使用。《一统志》记载：凤翔府阳县西有山鱼陇，挖掘地面破开石头可得，据说可以防蛀虫。
【气味】味咸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】青盲（视力减退或失明）、目淫（眼部分泌物过多），肤翳（角膜云翳）、疔翳（眼部赘生物），漆疮（《开宝本草》）。解除各种药物中毒及蛊毒，治疗流行性热病，催生并堕胎，治疗血晕，均用熟水磨汁服用（《日华子诸家本草》）。用醋研磨外敷可治痈肿。用热水研磨服用，可解金石毒（苏颂）。
【附方】新方一则。
喉痹肿痛：将石蟹磨成水饮服，并涂抹于喉部外部。（《圣济总录》）
（宋代《图经本草》）
【集解】苏颂说：石蛇出产于南海水边的山石之间，其形状盘曲如蛇，没有头尾，内部中空，呈红紫色，以向左盘绕的为良。又有点像车螺，不知是由什么变化而来？大体上与石蟹同类，功效也相近。
寇宗奭说：石蛇，颜色像古墙上的泥土，盘结如查梨大小，中间空心，两头粗细一致。不与石蟹同类，石蟹是真螃蟹所化，而石蛇并非真蛇所化。如今人们极少使用它。
李时珍说：查阅姚宽《西溪丛话》记载：南恩州海边有石山嘴，每当螃蟹经过那里就化为石头，蛇经过也同样如此。这种说法不知是否属实？如果属实，那么石蛇也是真蛇所化。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】解金石毒（苏颂）。
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Shixie (Stone Crab) grows in the South Sea. It is said to be an ordinary crab that, after many years, has its body covered by sea foam, thereby transforming into stone. It floats out whenever there is a high tide. There is also another type that enters caves for many years and undergoes the same transformation. They are all finely ground and processed by water levigation (Shuifei), then added to other medicines as adjuvants.
Su Song stated: They are found in coastal prefectures. Although their substance is stone, they resemble crabs in general appearance, merely mixed with mud and coarse stones.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Gu's *Haicha Lu*: In Yulin Port, Yazhou, about half a li inland, the soil is extremely fine and very cold. When crabs enter this area, they become immobile within moments and turn into stone. People obtain it, name it Shixie (Stone Crab), place it on desks, and claim it can improve vision. Additionally, there is Shixia (Stone Shrimp) resembling shrimp, found by the sea; and Shiyu (Stone Fish) resembling fish, found in Xiangshan County. Neither Shiyu nor Shixia are used in medicine. The *Yitong Zhi* records: West of Yang County in Fengxiang Prefecture, there is a mountain ridge called Shanyulong. Excavating the ground and breaking open stones reveals them, which are said to prevent insect damage.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Qingmang (decreased vision or blindness), Muyin (excessive ocular discharge), Fuyi (corneal nebula), Dingyi (ocular proliferations), Qichuang (lacquer dermatitis) (*Kaibao Bencao*). Resolves toxicity from all medicines and Gu poison (parasitic poisoning); treats epidemic febrile diseases; promotes labor and induces abortion; treats blood syncope. All are administered by grinding with warm boiled water (*Rimenzhujiabencao*). Rubbing with vinegar and applying externally treats carbuncles and swelling. Grinding with hot water and ingesting resolves mineral and metal toxicity (Su Song).
[Attached Formulas] New Formula 1.
Throat Bi (Sore Throat) with Swelling and Pain: Grind Shixie (Stone Crab) with water, drink the solution, and apply externally to the outside of the throat (*Shengji Zonglu*).
(Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao*)
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Shishe (Stone Snake) is found among rocks near the sea in the South Sea. Its shape coils like a snake, without head or tail, hollow inside, red-purple in color. Those coiling to the left are considered superior. It somewhat resembles a charn shell (Che Luo), but it is unknown what creature transforms into it. Generally, it is of the same category as Shixie (Stone Crab), and its functions are also similar.
Kou Zongshi stated: Shishe (Stone Snake) is colored like earth on ancient walls, coiled like a large Chinese date plum, hollow in the middle, with both ends of equal thickness. It does not belong to the same category as Shixie (Stone Crab); the crab is transformed from a real crab, whereas the snake is not transformed from a real snake. Nowadays, people rarely use it.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Yao Kuan's *Xixi Conghua*: By the sea in Nan'en Prefecture, there is a rocky cape. Whenever crabs pass over it, they turn to stone; snakes passing over it do so as well. It is unknown if this statement is true. If it is, then Shishe (Stone Snake) is indeed transformed from a real snake.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves mineral and metal toxicity (Su Song).