（《本经》中品）
【释名】山龙子（《别录》）、泉龙（《繁露注
蛇
时珍曰∶此物生山石间，能吐雹，可祈雨，故得龙子之名。蜥蜴本作析易。许慎云∶
易字篆文象形。陆佃云∶蜴善变易吐雹，有阴阳析易之义。周易之名，盖取乎此。今俗呼为
猪婆蛇
【集解】
《别录》曰∶石龙子生平阳川谷，及荆州山石间。五月取，着石上令干。
保升曰∶山南襄州、安州、申州处处有之。三、四、八、九月采，去腹中物，熏干。
弘景曰∶其类有四种∶形大纯黄者为蛇医母，亦名蛇舅母，不入药用。似蛇医而形小尾
长
形小色黑者，为 蜓，言螫人必死，亦未闻中之者。
恭曰∶龙子，即蜥蜴，形细而长，尾与身类，似蛇有四足，去足便是蛇形。以五色者为
雄，入药良；色不备者为雌，力劣也。蛇师生山谷，头大尾小而短，色青黄或白斑也。
生人家屋壁间，似蛇师，即守宫也，一名蝾螈。《尔雅》互言之，并非真说。
颂曰∶《尔雅》以蝾螈、蜥蜴、 蜓、守宫为一物。《方言》以在草为蜥蜴
为守宫、 蜓。《字林》以蝾螈为蛇医。据诸说，当以在
蜓、守宫也。入药以草泽者为良。
时珍曰∶诸说不定。大抵是水、旱二种，有山石、草泽、屋壁三者之异。《本经》惟用
石龙，后人但称蜥蜴，实一物也。且生山石间，正与石龙、山龙之名相合，自与草泽之蛇师、
屋壁之 蜓不同。苏恭言蛇师生山谷，以守宫为蝾螈，苏颂以草泽者入药，
戾。术家祈雨以守宫为蜥蜴，谬误尤甚。今将三者考正于下，其义自明矣。生山石
龙，即蜥蜴，俗呼猪婆蛇；似蛇有四足，头扁尾长，形细，长七。八寸，大者一、二尺
细鳞金碧色。其五色全者为雄，入药尤胜。生草泽间者曰蛇医，又名蛇师、蛇舅母、水蜥
、蝾螈，俗亦呼猪婆蛇；蛇有伤，则衔草以敷之，又能入水与鱼合，故得诸名。状同石龙而
头大尾短，形粗，其色青黄，亦有白斑者，不入药用。生屋壁间者，曰 蜓，即守宫也。似
蛇医而短小，灰褐色，并不螫人，详本条。又按∶《夷坚志》云∶刘居中见山中
长三四尺，光腻如脂。吐雹如弹丸，俄顷风雷作而雨雹也。
宗 曰∶有人见蜥蜴从石
大作。今人用之祈雨，盖取此
【修治】
时珍曰∶古方用酥炙或酒炙。惟治传尸劳瘵天灵盖丸，以石蜥蜴连肠肚，以醋炙四十九
遍用之，亦一异也。
【气味】咸，寒，有小毒。
之才曰∶恶硫黄、芜荑、斑蝥。
【主治】五癃邪结气，利小便水道，破石淋下血（《本经》）。
娠妇忌用（时珍）。
【发明】
宗 曰∶蜥蜴能吐雹祈雨，故能治癃淋，利水道。
时珍曰∶其功长于利水，故《千金》治症结水肿，尸疰留饮，有蜥蜴
小儿阴溃用之，皆取其利水也。刘涓子用同斑蝥、地胆治 疾，取其利小便，解二物之毒也。
【附方】新二。
小儿阴 ∶用蜥蜴一枚烧灰，酒服。（《外台秘要》）诸 不愈∶用蜥蜴（炙）三枚，地
胆（炒）三十枚，斑蝥（炒）四十枚，为末，蜜丸小豆大。每服二丸，白汤下。治诸法不效
者。（《刘涓子鬼遗方》）
肝
【主治】缺。
【附方】
去生胎∶蜥蜴肝、蛇脱皮等分，以苦酒和匀，摩妊妇脐上及左右令温，胎即下也。（《圣
惠》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】山龙子（出自《名医别录》）、泉龙（出自《春秋繁露注》）。
李时珍说：这种生物生长在山石之间，能够吐出冰雹，可以祈求降雨，因此得名“龙子”。蜥蜴原本写作“析易”。许慎说：“易”字的篆文是象形字。陆佃说：蜥蜴善于变化并吐出冰雹，具有阴阳分离变化的含义。“周易”这个名字，大概就取自于此。现在民间俗称它为猪婆蛇。
【集解】
《名医别录》记载：石龙子生长在山谷和平阳川流地带，以及荆州的岩石间。五月采集，放置在石头上晾干。
苏保升说：山南地区的襄州、安州、申州到处都有。三月、四月、八月、九月采集，去掉腹内脏器，熏干备用。
陶弘景说：它的种类有四种：体型大且纯黄色的叫蛇医母，也叫蛇舅母，不入药使用。像蛇医但体型小尾巴长的……（原文此处有缺字，推测为某种蜥蜴），……
苏恭说：龙子就是蜥蜴，形体细长，尾巴和身体相似，像蛇但有四只脚，去掉脚就是蛇的形状。颜色五彩斑斓的是雄性，入药效果好；颜色不全的是雌性，药效较差。蛇师生长在山谷中，头大尾巴小而短，颜色青黄或有白斑。生长在人家墙壁间的，像蛇师，就是守宫，又名蝾螈。《尔雅》中互相混用这些名称，并不是真正的准确说法。
苏颂说：《尔雅》认为蝾螈、蜥蜴、……、守宫是同一种动物。《方言》认为在草丛中的叫蜥蜴，……的叫守宫、……。《字林》认为蝾螈就是蛇医。根据各种说法，应当以在草丛中的……、守宫为准。入药以生长在草泽中的为佳。
李时珍说：上述各家说法都不确定。大体上是水、旱两种类型，有山石、草泽、屋壁三种环境的不同。《神农本草经》只用石龙，后人只称蜥蜴，实际上是同一种东西。而且它生长在山石间，正与石龙、山龙的名字相符合，自然与草泽中的蛇师、屋壁中的……不同。苏恭说蛇师生在山谷，把守宫当作蝾螈，苏颂说草泽中的入药，这与事实相违背。术士祈雨时将守宫当作蜥蜴，谬误尤其严重。现在将这三者考证纠正如下，其中的道理自然就明白了。生长在山石间的龙子，就是蜥蜴，俗呼猪婆蛇；像蛇但有四足，头扁尾长，形体细长，长约七八寸，大的有一二尺长，鳞片细密呈金碧色。五色齐全的是雄性，入药效果更佳。生长在草泽间的叫蛇医，又名蛇师、蛇舅母、水蜥、蝾螈，民间也呼猪婆蛇；蛇受伤时，它会衔草敷治，又能入水与鱼交合，因此得名各种名字。形状同石龙但头大尾短，形体粗壮，颜色青黄，也有白斑的，不入药使用。生长在屋壁间的，叫……，就是守宫。像蛇医但短小，灰褐色，并不叮咬人，详见本条。又按：《夷坚志》记载：刘居中看见山中……长三四尺，光亮细腻如脂。吐出冰雹如弹丸大小，顷刻间风雷大作而下雨雹。
陈承说：有人看见蜥蜴从石头……（原文残缺，推测为缝隙或洞穴中出来）大作。现在的人用它来祈雨，大概是取这个原因。
【修治】
李时珍说：古方中使用酥炙或酒炙的方法。只有治疗传尸劳瘵天灵盖丸时，用石蜥蜴连同肠肚，用醋炙四十九遍后使用，这也是一种特殊用法。
【气味】咸味，寒性，有小毒。
【主治】五癃邪结气，通利小便水道，破除石淋下血（出自《神农本草经》）。孕妇忌用（李时珍）。
【发明】
陈承说：蜥蜴能吐出冰雹祈雨，所以能治疗癃淋，通利水道。
李时珍说：它的功效特长在于利水，所以《千金方》治疗症结水肿、尸疰留饮，有用到蜥蜸的；小儿阴部溃烂使用它，都是取其利水的作用。刘涓子用它同斑蝥、地胆一起治疗恶疮，是取其通利小便，解除这两种药物的毒性。
【附方】新收二方。
小儿阴部溃烂：用蜥蜴一枚烧成灰，用酒送服。（出自《外台秘要》）诸般恶疮不愈：用蜥蜴（炙）三枚，地胆（炒）三十枚，斑蝥（炒）四十枚，研为末，蜂蜜调和制成小豆大小的丸剂。每次服用两丸，白开水送下。治疗各种方法无效的患者。（出自《刘涓子鬼遗方》）
【附方】
去除死胎：蜥蜴肝、蛇蜕皮等分，用苦酒（醋）调和均匀，涂抹在孕妇脐上及左右两侧使其温热，胎儿即可排出。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Shanlongzi (Mountain Dragon Son) (*Bielu*), Quanlong (Spring Dragon) (*Fanlu Zhu*).
Li Shizhen states: This creature lives among mountain rocks and can spit hail to pray for rain, hence its name "Dragon Son." The character for lizard (Xiyi) was originally written as Xiyi. Xu Shen said: The seal script form of the character Yi is pictographic. Lu Tian said: Lizards are good at changing and spitting hail, embodying the meaning of yin-yang separation and change. The name "Zhouyi" (Book of Changes) is likely derived from this. Currently, it is commonly called Zhiposhe (Pig-brother Snake).
**[Collection and Explanation]**
*Bielu* records: Shilongzi grows in valleys, Pingyang streams, and among rocks in Jingzhou. It is collected in May and dried on stones.
Su Baosheng says: It is found everywhere in Xiangzhou, Anzhou, and Shenzhou in southern mountains. It is collected in March, April, August, and September; the internal organs are removed, and it is smoked until dry.
Tao Hongjing says: There are four types: those that are large and purely yellow are called Sheyimou (Snake Doctor Mother), also known as Shejiumu (Snake Aunt Mother), and are not used medicinally. Those similar to Sheyi but smaller with longer tails... [text missing]...
Su Gong says: Longzi is the lizard. Its body is slender and long, with a tail similar to the body. It resembles a snake but has four feet; removing the feet makes it look like a snake. Those with five colors are male and have good medicinal efficacy; those without complete coloration are female and have inferior potency. Sheshi grows in valleys, with a large head and short, small tail, colored greenish-yellow or with white spots. Those growing on house walls, resembling Sheshi, are Shougong (Gecko), also known as Rongyuan. *Erya* uses these terms interchangeably, which is not strictly accurate.
Su Song says: *Erya* considers Rongyuan, Xiyi, ... , and Shougong to be one animal. *Fangyan* considers those in grass as Xiyi, and ... as Shougong, ... . *Zilin* considers Rongyuan to be Sheyi. Based on various accounts, those in ... and Shougong should be considered correct. Medicinal use favors those from grassy marshes.
Li Shizhen says: Previous authors were uncertain. Generally, there are water and land varieties, differing by habitat: mountain rocks, grassy marshes, and house walls. *Benjing* only used Shilong, while later generations only called it Xiyi; they are actually the same thing. Since it grows among mountain rocks, it fits the names Shilong and Shanlong perfectly, distinct from Sheshi in marshes and ... on walls. Su Gong stated Sheshi grows in valleys and identified Shougong as Rongyuan; Su Song advocated using marsh varieties for medicine, which contradicts reality. Taoists praying for rain mistake Shougong for Xiyi, a serious error. I will correct these three below, clarifying the distinctions. The dragon living in mountain rocks is the Xiyi, commonly called Zhiposhe; it resembles a snake but has four feet, with a flat head and long tail, slender body, 7-8 cun long, up to 1-2 chi for larger ones, with fine scales of gold-green color. Males with complete five colors are superior for medicine. Those in marshes are called Sheyi, also Sheshi, Shejiumu, Shuixi, Rongyuan, and colloquially Zhiposhe; named so because it carries herbs to treat snake bites and mates with fish in water. It resembles Shilong but has a large head and short tail, coarse body, greenish-yellow color, sometimes with white spots, and is not used medicinally. Those on walls are called ... , which is Shougong. Smaller than Sheyi, grayish-brown, non-stinging, see detailed entry. Additionally, *Yijian Zhi* records: Liu Juzhong saw ... in the mountains grow 3-4 chi, smooth and greasy like fat. It spat hail like pellets, followed immediately by wind, thunder, and rain/hail.
Chen Cheng says: Someone saw lizards emerging from rocks ... making great noise. People now use them for rain prayers, taking this as the basis.
**[Preparation)**
Li Shizhen says: Ancient prescriptions used酥炙 (butter-fried) or 酒炙 (wine-fried). Only in the prescription for Chuan Shi Lao Zhai Tianling Gai Wan (Heavenly Skull Pill for Consumptive Disease), is the Shixiyi used whole with intestines and stomach, fried 49 times in vinegar. This is an unusual method.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Salty, Cold, slightly toxic.
Xu Zhicai says: Detested by Sulfur (Huangqi), Xuyi, and Mylabris (Banmao).
**[Indications]** Treats Wu Long (five types of urinary obstruction) and evil stagnant qi; promotes urination and unblocks water passages; breaks stone lin (lithiasis) and stops bleeding (from *Benjing*). Contraindicated in pregnancy (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]**
Chen Cheng says: Since lizards can spit hail to pray for rain, they can treat Lin syndrome (dysuria) and promote water passages.
Li Shizhen says: Its main strength is promoting diuresis. Thus, *Qianjin Fang* uses it for Zheng Jie Edema and Shizhu Retained Fluids; it is used for pediatric genital ulcers due to its diuretic effect. Liu Juanzi combined it with Banmao and Didan to treat malignant sores, utilizing its ability to promote urination and detoxify the other two substances.
**[Prescriptions]** Two new prescriptions.
Pediatric Genital Ulcer: Burn one lizard to ash, take with wine (*Waitai Miyao*). Various stubborn sores: Use 3 fried lizards, 30 fried Didan, 40 fried Banmao, powder them, mix with honey to make pills the size of soybeans. Take 2 pills with warm water for cases where other treatments fail (*Liu Juanzi Guiyi Fang*).
Liver
**[Indications]** Missing.
**[Prescription]**
Expel dead fetus: Equal parts lizard liver and snake shed skin, mix evenly with bitter wine (vinegar), rub onto the pregnant woman's umbilicus and sides until warm, causing expulsion (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).