（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶东方朔《十洲记》云∶夜行海中，拨之有火星者，咸水也。色既碧，
故曰碧海。
时珍曰∶海乃百川之会。天地四方，皆海水相通，而地在其中。其味咸，其色黑，水行
之正也。
【气味】咸，小温，有小毒。
【主治】煮浴，去风瘙疥癣。饮一合，吐下宿食胪胀（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】卤水。藏器曰∶此乃盐初熟，槽中沥下黑汁也。时珍曰∶盐下沥水，则味苦
不堪食。今人用此水，收豆腐。独孤滔云∶盐胆煮四黄，焊物。
【气味】咸，苦，有大毒。
【主治】 蚀疥癣， 疾虫咬，及马牛为虫蚀，毒虫入肉生子。六畜饮一合，当时死
，人亦然。凡疮有血者，不可涂之（藏器）。痰厥不省，灌之取吐，良（时珍）。
（《纲目》）
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】下膈，疏痰，止吐（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶阿井在今兖州阳谷县，即古东阿县也。沈括《笔谈》云∶古说济水伏
流地中，今历下凡发地下皆是流水。东阿亦济水所经，取井水煮胶谓之阿胶。其性趣下，清
而且重，用搅浊水则清，故以治淤浊及逆上之痰也。又青州范公泉，亦济水所注，其水用造
白丸子，利膈化痰。《管子》云∶齐之水，其泉青白，其人坚劲，寡有疥瘙，终无 酲。
水性之不同如此。陆羽烹茶，辨天下之水性美恶，烹药者反不知辨此，岂不戾哉！
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】唐代药物学家陈藏器说：东方朔在《十洲记》中记载，夜间在海中行走，拨动海水有火星闪烁的，是咸水。因为颜色呈碧绿色，所以称为碧海。
李时珍说：大海是百川汇聚之处。天地四方，海水相互连通，而陆地处于其中。海水的味道是咸的，颜色是黑的，这是水性运行的正常状态。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】卤水。陈藏器说：这是盐初次熬制成熟时，从盐槽中沥流下来的黑色汁液。李时珍说：盐析出的沥水，味道苦涩无法食用。现在人们用这种水来制作豆腐。独孤滔说：盐胆水可以煮“四黄”（一种中药或染料），用于焊接物品。
【气味】味咸、苦，有大毒。
【主治】腐蚀疥癣，治疗虫咬伤，以及马牛被虫侵蚀，毒虫钻入肉中产卵。六畜饮用一合（容量单位），当时就会死亡，人也是如此。凡是疮口有出血的，不可涂抹此水（陈藏器）。对于痰厥导致的神志不清，灌服此水以引起呕吐，效果良好（李时珍）。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【气味】味甘、咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】通利膈间，疏导痰饮，止住呕吐（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：阿井位于现在的兖州阳谷县，即古代的东阿县。沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中说：古书说济水在地底伏流，现在济南府凡是挖掘地下都有流水流出。东阿也是济水流经的地方，取井水煮胶称为阿胶。阿胶的性质趋向下行，质地清澈且沉重，用它搅动浑浊的水能使水变清，所以用它来治疗淤浊和上逆的痰证。另外，青州的范公泉，也是济水注入的地方，那里的水用来制造白丸子（一种中成药），能利膈化痰。《管子》中说：齐国的水，泉水青白色，那里的人身体坚实强劲，很少患疥癣瘙痒，终生没有酒醉后的头痛不适。水的性质差异竟然如此之大。陆羽烹茶时，辨别天下水质的优劣，但制药者反而不知道辨别水质，这难道不是违背常理吗！
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Chen Cangqi said: Dongfang Shuo, in his *Shizhou Ji* [Record of the Ten Continents], stated that when walking at night in the sea, if stirring the water produces sparks resembling fireflies, it is saltwater. Because its color is jade-green, it is called "Bi Hai" [Jade Sea].
Li Shizhen said: The ocean is the convergence of all rivers. The waters of heaven and earth in all directions are interconnected, with the land situated within them. Its taste is salty, its color is black; this represents the normal course of water's movement.
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Shiming (Explanation of Names)】 Lu Shui [Brine]. Chen Cangqi said: This is the dark liquid drained from the vat when salt is first fully refined. Li Shizhen said: The water drained from salt is bitter and astringent, making it inedible. Nowadays, people use this water to coagulate tofu. Dugu Tao said: Yan Dan Shui [Salt Gall Water] can be used to boil "Si Huang" [Four Yellows, likely referring to specific herbs or pigments] and for soldering objects.
【Qiwei (Flavor and Properties)】 Salty and bitter, possessing great toxicity.
【Zhuzhi (Indications)】 It corrodes scabies and tinea; treats insect bites, as well as infestations in horses and cattle where insects burrow into the flesh and lay eggs. If livestock drink one he [a unit of volume], they will die immediately; humans are subject to the same effect. For any sore that involves bleeding, it must not be applied externally (Chen Cangqi). For Tan Jue [Phlegm-Jue syndrome characterized by sudden loss of consciousness due to phlegm obstruction], administering it internally to induce vomiting yields good results (Li Shizhen).
(From *Bencao Gangmu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
【Qiwei (Flavor and Properties)】 Sweet and salty, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
【Zhuzhi (Indications)】 It unblocks the diaphragm, disperses phlegm, and stops vomiting (Li Shizhen).
【Faming (Elucidation and Investigation)】 Li Shizhen said: A Jing [A Well] is located in Yanggu County, Yanzhou Prefecture, which corresponds to ancient Dong'e County. Shen Kuo, in his *Mengxi Bitan* [Dream Pool Essays], stated: Ancient texts claim the Ji River flows underground as a subterranean stream; today, in Lixia [modern Jinan], digging anywhere underground reveals flowing water. Dong'e is also traversed by the Ji River. Taking well water there to boil gelatin produces E'jiao [Donkey-Hide Gelatin]. Its nature tends downward; it is clear and heavy. When used to stir turbid water, it clarifies it; thus, it is used to treat stasis-turbidity and rebellious phlegm ascending upward. Furthermore, the Fanggong Spring in Qingzhou is also fed by the Ji River; its water is used to manufacture Bai Wanzi [White Pills], which benefit the diaphragm and resolve phlegm. The *Guanzi* states: In Qi, the spring water is blue-white, and the people are robust and vigorous, rarely suffering from scabies and itching, and never experiencing post-drinking headache [Cheng Tou Tong]. Thus, the differences in water properties are so significant. Lu Yu, when brewing tea, distinguished the merits and flaws of water sources worldwide, yet those preparing medicines fail to distinguish these qualities; is this not contrary to reason!