（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶ 答生走兽及牛马诸畜肝胆之间，有肉囊裹之，多至升许，大者如鸡
子，小者如栗如榛。其状白色，似石非石，似骨非骨，打破层叠。嘉靖庚子年，蕲州侯屠杀
一黄牛得此物，人无识者。有番僧云∶此至宝也，牛马猪畜皆有之。可以祈雨，西域有密咒，
则霖雨立至；不知咒者，但以水浸搬弄，亦能致雨。后考陶九成《辍耕录》所载 答，即此
物也。其言曰∶蒙古人祷雨，惟以净水一盆，浸石子数枚，淘漉玩弄，密持咒语，良久辄雨。
石子名 答，大者如鸡卵，小者不等，乃走兽腹中所产，狗、牛、马者最妙，盖牛黄、狗宝
之类也。又按《京房易占》云∶兵强主武，则牛腹生石。据此则 答、狗宝同一类也。但生
于狗腹者，为狗宝耳。
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】惊痫毒疮（时珍）。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶狗宝生癞狗腹中，状如白石，带青色，其理层叠，亦难得之物也。按
贾似道《悦生随抄》云∶任丘县民家一犬甚恶，后病衰，为众犬所噬而死。剖之，其心已化
，似石非石，其重如石，而包膜络之如寒灰，观其脉理犹是心，不知何缘致此？尝闻人患石
淋，有石块刀斧不能破。又尝见龙胫骨中髓皆是白石，虎目光落地亦成白石，星之光气也落
则成石，松亦化石，蛇、蟹、蚕皆能成石。万物变化如此，不可一概断也。时珍尝静思之，
牛之黄，狗之宝，马之墨，鹿之玉，犀之通天，兽之 答，皆物之病，而人以为宝。人
灵于物，而犹不免此病，况物乎？人之病淋有沙石者，非兽之 答乎？人之病癖，有心
似金石者，非狗之宝乎？此皆囿于物而不能化者，故禽鸟有生卵如石者焉。按《程氏遗书
》载∶有波斯人发闽中古冢，棺内俱尽，惟心坚如石。锯开观之，有山水青碧如画，傍有一
女，靓妆凭栏。盖此女有爱山癖，朝夕注意，故融结如此。又宋潜《溪文集》载∶临川浮屠
法循，行般舟三昧法，示寂后火焚，惟心不化，出五色光，有佛像高三寸，非骨非石，百体
具足。又徽水有优婆塞，行禅观之法，及死火葬，心内包观音像如刻成。此皆志局于物，用
志不分，精灵气液，因感而凝形，正如孕女感异像而成鬼胎之类，非祥也，病也，有情之无
情也。
【气味】甘、咸，平，有小毒。
【主治】噎食及痈疽疮疡（时珍）。
【附方】新四。
捣如泥，将水一钟搅匀，去滓调服，日二。不过三日愈，后服补剂。（《杏林摘要》）
狗宝丸∶治痈疽发背诸毒，初觉壮热烦渴者。用癞狗宝一两，腊月黑狗
各一枚，蟾酥二钱，蜈蚣（炙）七条， 砂、乳香、没药、轻粉、雄黄、乌金石各一钱，粉
霜
三钱，麝香一分，同为末。用首生男儿乳一合，黄蜡三钱，熬膏和，丸绿豆大。每服一丸或
三丸，以白丁香七枚，（研）调新汲水送下。暖卧，汗出为度。不过三服立效，后食白粥补
之。
（《济生方》）赤疔疮狗宝丸∶用狗宝八分，蟾酥二钱，龙脑二钱，麝香一钱，为末，好酒和，
丸麻子大。每服三丸，以生葱三寸同嚼细，用热葱酒送下，暖卧，汗出为度。后服流气追毒
药，贴拔毒膏，取愈。（《通玄论》）反胃膈气∶丁丹崖祖传狗宝丸∶用硫黄、水银各一钱，
同炒成金色，入狗宝三钱，为末。以鸡卵一枚，去白留黄，和药搅匀，纸封泥固， 火煨半
日，取出研细。每服五分，烧酒调服，不过三服见效
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：答（牛宝）生于走兽及牛、马等家畜的肝胆之间，有肉囊包裹着它，多的可达一升左右，大的像鸡蛋，小的像栗子或榛子。它的形状是白色的，像石头又不是石头，像骨头又不是骨头，打破后呈层叠状。嘉靖庚子年，蕲州侯宰杀一头黄牛得到了这个物体，没有人认识它。有一位番僧说：这是至宝，牛、马、猪等家畜都有。可以用来祈雨，西域有密咒，念了之后立刻就能下雨；不知道咒语的人，只是用水浸泡并摆弄它，也能招致雨水。后来考证陶宗仪《辍耕录》中记载的“答”，就是这种物体。书中说：蒙古人祈雨，只用一盆净水，浸泡几枚石子，淘洗把玩，心中默持咒语，过一会儿就会下雨。这种石子名叫“答”，大的像鸡蛋，小的不等，是走兽腹中所产，狗、牛、马身上的最妙，大概属于牛黄、狗宝这一类。又查考《京房易占》说：兵力强盛崇尚武力，那么牛的肚子里会长出石头。据此来看，“答”和狗宝是同一类的东西。只不过生在狗肚子里的，就称为狗宝罢了。
【气味】味甘、咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】惊痫、毒疮（李时珍）。
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：狗宝生在患癞病的狗的肚子里，形状像白色的石头，带着青色，纹理层叠，也是难得之物。查考贾似道《悦生随抄》记载：任丘县百姓家里有一只很凶恶的狗，后来生病衰弱，被其他狗咬死。剖开它，心脏已经变化，像石头又不是石头，重量像石头，外面包膜络着像寒灰一样，看它的脉络纹理还是心脏的样子，不知道是什么原因导致这样的？曾经听说有人患石淋病，有石块连刀斧都劈不开。又曾经看见龙胫骨中的髓全是白石，虎目光落地也变成白石，星星的光气落下就变成石头，松树也能化石，蛇、蟹、蚕都能成石。万物的变化如此，不能一概而论。李时珍曾经静心思索，牛的牛黄，狗的狗宝，马的马宝，鹿的鹿宝，犀角的通天犀，野兽的“答”，都是动物的疾病，但人们却把它们当作宝贝。人比动物灵秀，但仍然不免于此病，何况动物呢？人患淋病有沙石的，不就是野兽的“答”吗？人患癖积，有心像金石一样的，不就是狗的狗宝吗？这些都是拘泥于物而不能变化的，所以禽鸟有生出像石头的卵的情况。查考《程氏遗书》记载：有波斯人发掘福建的古墓，棺内都已腐烂，只有心脏坚硬如石。锯开观看，里面有山水青碧如画，旁边有一个女子，打扮艳丽倚靠栏杆。大概这个女子有爱山的癖好，朝夕注意，所以凝结成这个样子。又宋潜《溪文集》记载：临川和尚法循，修般舟三昧法，示寂后火化焚烧，只有心脏没有烧毁，发出五色光，有三寸高的佛像，不是骨头也不是石头，百体具足。还有徽水有位优婆塞，修禅观之法，死后火葬，心脏里面包含观音像如同刻成。这些都是志向局限在事物上，用心专一不分神，精灵气液，因感应而凝结成形，正如孕妇感应异像而成为鬼胎之类，不是吉祥，而是疾病，是有情之无情。
【气味】味甘、咸，性平，有小毒。
【主治】噎食及痈疽疮疡（李时珍）。
【附方】新方四首。
捣烂如泥，用一杯水搅匀，去渣调服，每日两次。不超过三天痊愈，之后服用补剂。（《杏林摘要》）
狗宝丸：治疗痈疽发背各种毒邪，初觉壮热烦渴者。用癞狗宝一两，腊月黑狗胆各一枚，蟾酥二钱，蜈蚣（炙）七条，硇砂、乳香、没药、轻粉、雄黄、乌金石各一钱，粉霜三钱，麝香一分，共同研为末。用头生男儿的乳汁一合，黄蜡三钱，熬膏调和，制成绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用一丸或三丸，用白丁香七枚（研碎），调和新汲水送下。暖睡，以出汗为度。不超过三服立即见效，之后吃白粥补养。
（《济生方》）赤疔疮狗宝丸：用狗宝八分，蟾酥二钱，龙脑二钱，麝香一钱，研为末，用好酒调和，制成麻子大小的丸药。每次服用三丸，与三寸生葱同嚼细，用热葱酒送下，暖睡，以出汗为度。之后服用流气追毒药，贴拔毒膏，以求痊愈。（《通玄论》）反胃膈气：丁丹崖祖传狗宝丸：用硫黄、水银各一钱，同炒成金色，加入狗宝三钱，研为末。用鸡蛋一枚，去掉蛋白留蛋黄，和药搅匀，用纸封泥固封，炭火煨半天，取出研细。每次服用五分，烧酒调服，不超过三服见效。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Da (Niu Bao, Ox Gallstone) is produced in the liver and gallbladder of running beasts and domestic animals such as cattle and horses. It is wrapped in a fleshy sac, with quantities reaching up to one sheng (approx. 1 liter). Large ones are like chicken eggs, small ones like chestnuts or hazelnuts. Its appearance is white; it resembles stone but is not stone, resembles bone but is not bone, and when broken, it shows layered structures. In the Gengzi year of the Jiajing reign, Hou of Qizhou slaughtered a yellow ox and obtained this object, which no one recognized. A foreign monk said: "This is a supreme treasure; cattle, horses, pigs, and other livestock all possess it. It can be used to pray for rain. There are secret mantras in the Western Regions; reciting them causes immediate rainfall. Even those who do not know the mantra can induce rain by soaking it in water and manipulating it." Later, consulting Tao Chengjiu's *Zhuo Geng Lu*, it was found that the "Da" recorded therein refers to this very object. The text states: "Mongolians praying for rain use only a basin of clean water, soaking several pebbles, washing and playing with them while silently holding the mantra. After a while, rain follows. These pebbles are named 'Da', large ones like chicken eggs, varying in size, produced in the abdomens of running beasts. Those from dogs, cattle, and horses are the finest, belonging to the same category as Niu Huang (Ox Gallstone) and Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone)." Furthermore, according to *Jing Fang Yi Zhan*: "When military strength is dominant and martial arts are valued, stones grow in the abdomen of cattle." Based on this, "Da" and Gou Bao belong to the same category. However, what grows in the dog's abdomen is specifically called Gou Bao.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Convulsive epilepsy, toxic sores (Li Shizhen).
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone) grows in the abdomen of dogs suffering from scabies. It resembles white stone with a bluish tint, has layered textures, and is a rare item. According to Jia Sidao's *Yue Sheng Sui Chao*: "A villager in Renqiu County had a vicious dog. Later, it fell ill and weak, and was bitten to death by other dogs. Upon dissection, its heart had transformed; it resembled stone but was not stone, weighed as much as stone, and was enveloped in membranes resembling cold ash. Observing its vascular structure, it still appeared to be a heart. No one knew how this occurred." I have heard that patients suffering from Shi Lin (Stone Strangury) produce stones that cannot be broken even by knives or axes. I have also seen that the marrow in dragon shin bones consists entirely of white stone; tiger eyes turning to the ground become white stone; starlight falling turns to stone; pine trees can petrify; snakes, crabs, and silkworms can all form stones. The transformations of all things are thus; one cannot generalize. Li Shizhen once pondered quietly: Niu Huang (Ox Gallstone) in cattle, Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone) in dogs, Ma Mo (Horse Gallstone) in horses, Lu Yu (Deer Gallstone) in deer, Tong Tian Xi (Rhino Horn) in rhinos, and Shou Da (Beast Stone) in beasts—all are diseases of the animal, yet humans regard them as treasures. Humans are more spiritual than beasts, yet they are not exempt from such ailments, let alone beasts? Are the sand and stones in human Shi Lin (Stone Strangury) not akin to the beast's "Da"? Are the hard masses in human Pi Ji (Masses/accumulations), where the heart feels like metal and stone, not akin to Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone)? These are cases where one is confined by material forms and unable to transform. Hence, birds may lay eggs that resemble stones. Consulting *Cheng Shi Yi Shu*: "A Persian person excavated an ancient tomb in Fujian. All contents in the coffin had decayed, except the heart, which was hard as stone. Sawing it open revealed landscapes and green-blue scenery painted within, with a beautifully dressed woman leaning on a railing nearby. This was likely because the woman had an obsession with mountains, focusing on them day and night, causing the condensation into this form." Additionally, Song Qian's *Xi Wen Ji* records: "Monk Fa Xun of Linchuan practiced the Ban Zhou San Mei method. After his passing, he was cremated, but his heart did not burn, emitting five-colored light. A three-inch tall Buddha image appeared within, neither bone nor stone, with all features complete." Also, a Upasaka (lay Buddhist) from Huishui practiced Zen meditation. Upon death and cremation, his heart contained an Avalokitesvara image as if carved. These are all instances where will is focused on objects, intent is undivided, and spiritual energy/fluids condense into form due to resonance. This is similar to a pregnant woman conceiving a ghost fetus due to sensing strange images. It is not auspicious; it is a disease—a manifestation of emotionless matter arising from sentient beings."
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, salty, neutral, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Dysphagia (Yi Shi), carbuncles, sores, and ulcers (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions.
Pound into a paste, mix evenly with one cup of water, filter out the dregs, and take the liquid. Twice daily. Cure within three days; follow with tonic agents. (*Xinglin Zhai Yao*)
Gou Bao Wan (Dog Gallstone Pill): Treats carbuncles, back infections, and various toxins, especially when initial symptoms include severe fever and thirst. Use 1 liang of Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone) from a scabies-stricken dog, 1 gallbladder from a black dog caught in the twelfth lunar month, 2 qian of Chan Su (Toad Venom), 7 fried Wugong (Centipede), 1 qian each of Naosha (Sal Ammoniac), Ruxiang (Frankincense), Moyao (Myrrh), Qingfen (Calomel), Xionghuang (Realgar), Wu Jinshi (Black Gold Stone), 3 qian of Fenshuang (Lead Subcarbonate), and 1 fen of Shexiang (Musk). Grind all into powder. Mix with 1 he of breast milk from a first-born male infant and 3 qian of Huang La (Yellow Beeswax), boiled into a paste, and roll into pills the size of mung beans. Take 1 or 3 pills per dose, washed down with fresh well water mixed with 7 crushed Baixiangding (White Stork Droppings). Keep warm until sweating occurs. Effect should be seen within three doses; follow with white congee to nourish.
(*Jisheng Fang*) Chi Ding Chuang Gou Bao Wan (Red Carbuncle Dog Gallstone Pill): Use 8 fen of Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone), 2 qian of Chan Su (Toad Venom), 2 qian of Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), 1 qian of Shexiang (Musk). Grind into powder, mix with good wine, and roll into pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 3 pills per dose, chew thoroughly with 3 cun of raw scallion, and wash down with hot scallion wine. Keep warm until sweating occurs. Follow with Liuqi Zhuidu Yao (Qi-moving and Toxin-pursuing Medicine) and apply Badu Gao (Toxin-drawing Plaster) until healed. (*Tongxuan Lun*) Fanwei Geqi (Regurgitation and Diaphragmatic Qi Stagnation): Ding Danyan's Ancestral Gou Bao Wan: Use 1 qian each of Hualiu Huang (Sulfur) and Shuiyin (Mercury), stir-fried together until golden. Add 3 qian of Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone) and grind into powder. Use one chicken egg, removing the white and keeping the yolk, to mix and stir the medicine evenly. Seal with paper and mud, and bake over charcoal fire for half a day. Remove and grind finely. Take 5 fen per dose, mixed with liquor. Effect should be seen within three doses.