（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶英鸡出泽州有石英处，常食碎石英。状如雉，而短尾，体热无毛，腹
下毛赤，飞翔不远，肠中常有石英。人食之，取英之功也。今人以石英末饲鸡，取卵食，终
不及此。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】益阳道，补虚损，令人肥健悦泽，能食，不患冷，常有实气而不发也（藏器）。
（《食物》）
【集解】时珍曰∶秧鸡大如小鸡，白颊，长嘴短尾，背有白斑。多居田泽畔，夏至后夜
鸣达旦，秋后即止。一种 （音邓）鸡，亦秧鸡之类也。大如鸡而长脚红冠。雄者大而色褐，
雌者稍小而色斑。秋月即无，其声甚大，人并食之。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主冶】蚁 （汪颖）。
（《嘉 》）
【释名】时珍曰∶鹑性淳，窜伏浅草，无常居而有常匹，随地而安，庄子所谓“圣人鹑
居”是矣。其行遇小草即旋避之，亦可谓淳矣。其子曰 。宗 曰∶其卵初生谓之罗鹑，至
秋初谓之早秋，中秋已后谓之白唐，一物四名也。
【集解】禹锡曰∶鹑，蛤蟆所化也。慎微曰∶杨亿《谈苑》云∶至道二年夏秋间，汴人
鬻鹑者，车载积市，皆蛙所化，犹有未全变者，《列子》所谓“蛙变为鹑”也。宗 曰∶鹑
有
雌雄，常于田野屡得其卵，何得言化也？时珍曰∶鹑大如鸡雏，头细而无尾，毛有斑点，甚
肥。雄者足高，雌者足卑。其性畏寒，其在田野，夜则群飞，昼则草伏。人能以声呼取之，
畜令斗抟。《万毕术》云∶蛤蟆得瓜化为鹑。《交州记》云∶南海有黄鱼，九月变为鹑。以盐
炙食甚肥美。盖鹑始化成，终以卵生，故四时常有之。 则始由鼠化，终复为鼠，故夏有冬
无。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
禹锡曰∶四月以前未堪食。不可合猪肝食，令人生黑子；合菌子食，令人发痔。
【主治】补五脏，益中续气，实筋骨，耐寒暑，消结热。和小豆、生姜煮食，止泄痢。
酥煎食，令人下焦肥（《嘉 》）。小儿患疳，及下痢五色，旦旦食之，有效（寇宗 ）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶董炳《集验方》云∶魏秀才妻，病腹大如鼓，四肢骨立，不能
贴席，惟衣被悬卧，谷食不下者数日矣。忽思鹑食，如法进之，遂运剧。少顷雨汗，莫能言
，但有更衣状。扶而圊，小便突出白液，凝如鹅脂。如此数次，下尽遂起。此盖中焦湿热积
久所致也。详本草鹑解热结，疗小儿疳，亦理固然也。董氏所说如此。时珍谨按∶鹑乃蛙化
，气性相同。蛙与蛤蟆皆解热治疳，利水消肿；则鹑之消鼓胀，盖亦同功云。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】陈藏器说：英鸡出产于泽州盛产石英的地方，经常食用碎石英。它的形状像野鸡，但尾巴短，身体发热且体表无毛，腹部下的毛呈红色，飞翔距离不远，肠中常含有石英。人吃了它，是取用了石英的功效。现在的人用石英粉喂养鸡，取其卵食用，终究比不上这种英鸡的效果。
肉
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】补益阳气之道，填补虚损，使人肥胖健壮、面色红润光泽，食欲增加，不畏寒冷，体内常有充实之气而不会发生寒证（陈藏器）。
（出自《食物本草》）
【集解】李时珍说：秧鸡大小如小鸡，脸颊白色，嘴长尾短，背部有白斑。多居住在田地和水泽旁边，夏至后夜间鸣叫直到天亮，秋后即停止鸣叫。有一种“䴙”（音同邓）鸡，也是秧鸡的一类。体型像鸡，腿长红冠。雄性的较大且颜色褐黑，雌性的稍小且身上有斑纹。到了秋月就看不见了，它们的叫声很大，人们也食用它们。
肉
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】治疗蚁瘘（汪颖注）。
（出自《本草衍义》）
【释名】李时珍说：鹌鹑性情纯厚，潜伏在浅草中，没有固定的居所但有固定的配偶，随遇而安，这就是庄子所说的“圣人像鹌鹑一样居住”的情形。它们行走时遇到小草就会旋转避开，也可以说是很纯厚的了。它们的蛋叫做“鹑子”。寇宗奭说：刚生下的蛋叫作罗鹑，到初秋叫作早秋，中秋以后叫作白唐，这是一种动物四个名字。
【集解】苏颂说：鹌鹑是由蛤蟆变化而来的。慎微说：杨亿在《谈苑》中记载：至道二年夏秋之间，汴京卖鹌鹑的人，用车装载堆积在市场上，都是青蛙变成的，还有没有完全变过来的，《列子》中所说的“蛙变为鹑”就是这个意思。寇宗奭说：鹌鹑分雌雄，经常在田野间多次获得它们的蛋，怎么能说是由蛤蟆变化来的呢？李时珍说：鹌鹑大小如鸡雏，头细而无尾，羽毛有斑点，非常肥美。雄性的脚高抬，雌性的脚低垂。它们的性情怕冷，在田野里，夜晚成群飞翔，白天潜伏在草丛中。人能用声音呼唤捕捉它们，饲养起来让它们打斗搏斗。《万毕术》说：蛤蟆得到瓜就能化为鹌鹑。《交州记》说：南海有一种黄鱼，九月变成鹌鹑。用盐烤着吃非常肥美。大概鹌鹑起初由化生而来，最终通过产卵生育，所以四季都有。鼠妇则开始由老鼠变化而来，最终又变回老鼠，所以夏天有冬天无。
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
苏颂说：四月以前不适合食用。不可与猪肝一起食用，会让人身上长出黑痣；不可与菌类一起食用，会诱发痔疮。
【主治】补益五脏，增益中气以接续元气，使筋骨坚实，耐寒暑，消除郁结之热。与小豆、生姜一起煮食，可止住泄痢。用酥油煎食，能使下焦部位变得肥满（《本草衍义》）。小儿患疳积病，以及五色痢疾，每天早晨食用，有效（寇宗奭）。
【发明】李时珍说：按董炳《集验方》记载：魏秀才的妻子，患病腹部大如鼓，四肢瘦骨嶙峋，不能贴席躺卧，只能穿着衣服被褥悬空躺着，几天吃不下谷物食物。忽然想吃鹌鹑肉，按照方法进服后，随即剧烈腹泻。过了一会儿大雨般出汗，说不出话，只有上厕所的样子。扶她去厕所，小便排出白色液体，凝固得像鹅脂一样。如此几次，排尽后便起身康复。这大概是中焦湿热积聚日久所致。详细考察本草中记载鹌鹑能解热结，治疗小儿疳积，道理也是这样的。董氏所说就是这样。李时珍谨按：鹌鹑是由蛙变化而来，气性相同。蛙与蛤蟆都能解热治疗疳积，利水消肿；那么鹌鹑消除鼓胀，大概也是同样的功效。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Collected Explanations] Chen Cangqi stated: Yingji (Wild Pheasant-like Bird) is found in Zezhou where quartz crystals are abundant, and it frequently consumes crushed quartz. Its appearance resembles a pheasant but with a short tail; its body generates heat and lacks feathers on the surface, while the feathers under the abdomen are red. It cannot fly far, and its intestines often contain quartz. Humans consume it to harness the efficacy of quartz. Currently, people feed chickens with quartz powder and consume their eggs, which ultimately does not compare to this specific bird.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Benefits the pathway of Yang, tonifies deficiency and damage, makes one robust and plump with lustrous complexion, increases appetite, prevents coldness, and maintains substantial Qi without susceptibility to cold syndromes (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Shiwu Bencao* [Materia Medica of Foods])
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: Yangji (Rail/Bittern) is as large as a young chicken, with white cheeks, a long beak, and a short tail, featuring white spots on its back. It mostly inhabits the banks of fields and wetlands. It calls throughout the night from after the Summer Solstice until dawn, ceasing after autumn. There is a type called "Ping" Ji (Bird), which belongs to the category of Yangji. It is as large as a chicken with long legs and a red comb. Males are larger and brownish, while females are slightly smaller with spotted plumage. They disappear by autumn and winter; their call is very loud, and humans also consume them.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats ant-fistula (Wang Ying's annotation).
(From *Bencao Yan Yi* [Expanded Meaning of Materia Medica])
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: The quail has a gentle nature, hiding in shallow grass, having no fixed dwelling but having fixed mates, adapting to its surroundings. This is what Zhuangzi referred to as "the sage dwells like a quail." When walking, they turn away upon encountering small grass, demonstrating gentleness. Their eggs are called "Chunzi." Kou Zongshi stated: Eggs freshly laid are called Luo Chun; early autumn ones are called Zao Qiu; those laid after the Mid-Autumn are called Bai Tang. These are four names for one entity.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Quails are transformed from toads. Shenwei stated: In *Tan Yuan*, Yang Yi recorded that during the summer and autumn of the Zhidao era (995-997 AD), vendors in Bianjing sold carts full of quails at the market, all transformed from frogs, some not yet fully transformed, as mentioned in *Liezi*: "frogs transform into quails." Kou Zongshi argued: Quails have distinct males and females, and their eggs are frequently found in fields; how can they be said to transform? Li Shizhen stated: Quails are as large as chick hatchlings, with fine heads and no tails, spotted plumage, and are very fat. Males hold their feet high; females hold theirs low. They fear cold. In the fields, they fly in groups at night and hide in grass during the day. Humans can capture them by calling and keep them for fighting. *Wanbi Shu* states: Toads transform into quails when they obtain melons. *Jiaozhou Ji* states: A yellow fish in the South Sea transforms into quails in September. Salt-grilled quail meat is very fat and delicious. Generally, quails begin as transformations but reproduce via eggs, hence available year-round. Conversely, certain creatures start as mouse transformations and revert to mice, existing only in summer.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Su Song stated: Not suitable for consumption before the fourth lunar month. Do not consume with pig liver, as it causes black moles on the skin; do not consume with mushrooms, as it induces hemorrhoids.
[Indications] Tonifies the five Zang organs, benefits middle Qi and sustains vital energy, strengthens bones and sinews, adapts to cold and heat, and resolves stagnant heat. Boiled with adzuki beans and fresh ginger, it stops dysentery. Fried in ghee, it promotes fleshiness in the lower jiao (*Bencao Yan Yi*). For children suffering from infantile malnutrition (Gan syndrome) and five-colored dysentery, daily morning consumption is effective (Kou Zongshi).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Dong Bing's *Ji Yan Fang*: The wife of Scholar Wei suffered from abdominal distension like a drum, with limbs emaciated to the bone, unable to lie flat on a mat, forced to sleep suspended in clothes and bedding, unable to eat grain for days. Suddenly craving quail, she consumed it according to method, resulting in severe diarrhea shortly after. She then sweated profusely, became mute, and felt the urge to defecate/urinate. Upon being helped to the toilet, she expelled white fluid coagulated like goose fat. After several such episodes, expulsion completed, she recovered. This was likely due to long-standing damp-heat accumulation in the middle jiao. Examining the materia medica, quail resolves heat knots and treats pediatric Gan syndrome, which is logically consistent. Dong's account is thus. Li Shizhen notes: Since quails transform from frogs, their energetic properties are similar. Frogs and toads resolve heat, treat Gan syndrome, and promote urination to reduce edema; therefore, quail's ability to reduce abdominal distension shares the same efficacy.