（石草类一十九种）
（《本经》上品）
【释名】石 （《别录》）、金钗（《纲目》）、禁生（《别录》）、林兰（《本经》）、杜兰
（
时珍曰∶石斛名义未详。其茎状如金钗之股，故古有金钗石斛之称。今蜀人栽之，呼为
金钗花。盛弘之《荆州记》云∶耒阳龙石山多石斛，精好如金钗，是矣。林兰、杜兰，与木
部木兰同名，恐误。
【集解】《别录》曰∶石斛生六安山谷水旁石上。七月、八月采茎，阴干。
弘景曰∶今用石斛，出始兴。生石上，细实，以桑灰汤沃之，色如金，形如蚱蜢髀者佳。
近道亦有，次于宣城者。其生栎木上者，名木斛。其茎至虚，长大而色浅。不入丸散，惟
可为酒渍煮之用。俗方最以补虚，疗脚膝。
恭曰∶今荆襄及汉中、江左又有二种∶一种似大麦，累累相连，头生一叶，而性冷，名
麦斛；一种茎大如雀髀，叶在茎头，名雀髀斛。其他斛如竹，而节间生叶也。作干石斛法∶
以酒洗蒸曝成，不用灰汤。或言生者渍酒，胜于干者。
颂曰∶今荆州、光州、寿州、庐州、江州、温州、台州亦有之，以广南者为佳。多在山
谷中。五月生苗，茎似小竹节，节间出碎叶。七月开花，十月结实。其根细长，黄色。惟生
石上者为胜。
宗 曰∶石斛细若小草，长三、四寸，柔韧，折之如肉而实。今人多以木斛混之，亦不
能明。木斛中虚如禾草，长尺余，但色深黄光泽耳。
时珍曰∶石斛丛生石上。其根纠结甚繁，干则白软。其茎叶生皆青色，干则黄色。开红
花。节上自生根须。人亦折下，以砂石栽之，或以物盛挂屋下，频浇以水，经年不死，俗称
为千年润。石斛短而中实，木斛长而中虚，甚易分别。处处有之，以蜀中者为胜。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，去根头，用酒浸一宿，曝干，以酥拌蒸之，从巳至酉，徐徐焙干，
用
【气味】甘，平，无毒。普曰∶神农∶甘，平。扁鹊∶酸。李当之∶寒。时珍曰∶甘、
淡、微咸。
之才曰∶陆英为之使，恶凝水石、巴豆，畏雷丸、僵蚕。
【主治】伤中，除痹下气，补五脏虚劳羸瘦，强阴益精。久服，浓肠胃（《本经》）。补
内绝不足，平胃气，长肌肉，逐皮肤邪热痱气，脚膝疼冷痹弱，定志除惊。轻身延年（《别
录》）。益气除热，治男子腰脚软弱，健阳，逐皮肌风痹，骨中久冷，补肾益力（权）。壮筋
骨，暖水脏，益智清气（《日华》）。治发热自汗，痈疽排脓内塞（时珍）。
【发明】 曰∶石斛镇涎，涩丈夫元气。酒浸酥蒸，服满一镒，永不骨痛也。
宗 曰∶石斛治胃中虚热有功。
时珍曰∶石斛气平，味甘、淡、微咸，阴中之阳，降也。乃足太阴脾、足少阴右肾之药。
深师云∶囊湿精少，小便余沥者，宜加之。一法∶每以二钱入生姜一片，水煎代茶饮，
甚清肺补脾也。
【附方】新二。
睫毛倒入∶川石斛、川芎 等分，为末。口内含水，随左右 鼻，日二次。（《袖珍方
》）。
飞虫入耳∶石斛数条，去根如筒子，一边 入耳中，四畔以蜡封闭，用火烧石斛，尽则
止
（石草类第十九种）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】石斛（《名医别录》）、金钗（《本草纲目》）、禁生（《名医别录》）、林兰（《神农本草经》）、杜兰。
李时珍说：石斛的名称由来尚不明确。它的茎形状像金钗的股部，所以古代有“金钗石斛”的称呼。现在四川人种植它，称之为“金钗花”。盛弘之在《荆州记》中说：“耒阳龙石山多产石斛，精致美好如同金钗，说的就是这种。”林兰、杜兰这两个名字，与木部的木兰同名，恐怕是误传。
【集解】《名医别录》说：石斛生长在六安山谷水边的岩石上。七月、八月采集茎，阴干。
陶弘景说：现在使用的石斛，产自始兴。生长在岩石上，果实细小，用桑灰汤浇灌后，颜色像金子，形状像蚱蜢大腿的是佳品。邻近地区也有，但次于宣城产的。生长在栎树上的，名叫木斛。它的茎非常中空，长得大且颜色浅。不能用于制作丸药和散剂，只能用于酒浸或煮服。民间方剂中最常用它来补虚，治疗脚膝疾病。
孙思邈说：现在荆襄及汉中、江左又有两种：一种像大麦，累累相连，头部长一叶，性质寒凉，名叫麦斛；一种茎粗如雀腿，叶子长在茎头，名叫雀髀斛。其他的石斛像竹子，节间长叶。制作干石斛的方法：用酒洗过蒸晒而成，不用灰汤。有人说鲜品酒浸，胜过干品。
苏颂说：现在荆州、光州、寿州、庐州、江州、温州、台州也有，以广南产的为佳。多生长在山谷中。五月生苗，茎像小竹节，节间长出碎叶。七月开花，十月结果。根细长，黄色。只有生长在岩石上的才是上品。
寇宗奭说：石斛细如小草，长三、四寸，柔韧，折断后像肉一样实心。现在的人常把木斛混在其中，也不能分辨清楚。木斛中间空虚像禾草，长一尺多，只是颜色深黄有光泽罢了。
李时珍说：石斛丛生在岩石上。它的根纠结得很繁密，干燥后呈白色柔软状。茎叶生长时都是青色，干燥后变黄。开红花。节上自己生根须。人们也把它折下来，用砂石栽种，或者用容器盛挂屋檐下，经常浇水，经过一年不死，俗称“千年润”。石斛短而中间实心，木斛长而中间空心，很容易区分。到处都有，以蜀中产的为佳。
【修治】雷敩说：凡使用，去掉根头，用酒浸泡一夜，晒干，用酥油拌合蒸制，从巳时到酉时，慢慢焙干，备用。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。普曰：神农认为甘，平。扁鹊认为酸。李当之认为寒。李时珍认为甘、淡、微咸。
徐之才说：陆英作为引经药，畏凝水石、巴豆，怕雷丸、僵蚕。
【主治】调理内伤，祛除痹症，降气，补五脏虚劳羸瘦，强阴益精。久服，能厚肠胃（《神农本草经》）。补内绝不足，调和胃气，长肌肉，驱除皮肤邪热痱气，治疗脚膝疼冷痹弱，安定神志，消除惊悸。轻身延年（《名医别录》）。益气除热，治疗男子腰脚软弱，健阳，驱除皮肌风痹，骨中久冷，补肾益力（权）。壮筋骨，暖水脏，益智清气（《日华子本草》）。治疗发热自汗，痈疽排脓内塞（李时珍）。
【发明】陈藏器说：石斛能镇涎，固涩丈夫元气。酒浸酥蒸，服用满一镒，永不患骨痛。
寇宗奭说：石斛治疗胃中虚热有功。
李时珍说：石斛气平，味甘、淡、微咸，属阴中之阳，主降。是足太阴脾经、足少阴肾经的药。《深师方》说：囊湿精少，小便余沥者，宜加入此药。另一法：每次取二钱，加生姜一片，水煎代茶饮，很清肺补脾。
【附方】新收二则。
睫毛倒入：川石斛、川芎等分，研为末。口内含水，随左右鼻孔吸入，每日二次。（《袖珍方》）。
飞虫入耳：石斛数条，去根如筒子，一边插入耳中，四周用蜡封闭，用火烤石斛，烧尽为止。
(Stone Grass Category, Nineteenth Species)
(Listed as Superior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis) (*Mingyi Bielu*), Jinchai (*Bencao Gangmu*), Jinsheng (*Mingyi Bielu*), Linlan (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Dulan.
Li Shizhen said: The etymology of the name "Shihu" is unclear. Its stem resembles the shaft of a gold hairpin, hence the ancient name "Jinchai Shihu" (Gold Hairpin Dendrobium). Currently, people in Sichuan cultivate it and call it "Jinchai Hua" (Gold Hairpin Flower). Sheng Hongzhi in *Jingzhou Ji* stated: "Leiyang Longshi Mountain produces much Shihu, exquisite and fine like gold hairpins; this is correct." Linlan and Dulan share names with Mulan in the Wood category, which is likely an error.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shihu grows on rocks beside water in the valleys of Lu'an. Collect the stems in July and August, and dry them in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: The Shihu currently used comes from Shixing. It grows on rocks, has small fruits, and when washed with ash-water from mulberry leaves, its color becomes golden and its shape resembles the thigh of a grasshopper; these are considered superior. It is also found in nearby regions but is inferior to that from Xuancheng. Those growing on oak trees are named Mujie (Wood Dendrobium). Their stems are very hollow, long, and pale in color. They are not suitable for making pills and powders, but only for wine soaking or decoction. Folk prescriptions most often use it to tonify deficiency and treat ailments of the legs and knees.
Sun Simiao said: In Jingxiang, Hanzhong, and Jiangzuo, there are two other types: one resembles barley, connected in clusters, with a single leaf at the head, having a cold nature, named Maijie (Wheat Dendrobium); the other has stems as thick as a sparrow's thigh, with leaves at the stem tip, named Quebi Jie (Sparrow Thigh Dendrobium). Other Dendrobiums resemble bamboo, with leaves emerging between the nodes. Method for preparing dried Shihu: Wash with wine, steam, and sun-dry; do not use ash-water. Some say fresh wine-soaked Shihu is superior to dried.
Su Song said: It is now found in Jingzhou, Guangzhou, Shouzhou, Luzhou, Jiangzhou, Wenzhou, and Taizhou, with those from Guangnan being the best. It mostly grows in mountain valleys. Sprouts appear in May, stems resembling small bamboo joints, with fragmented leaves emerging between joints. Flowers bloom in July, and fruit sets in October. Roots are slender and yellow. Only those growing on rocks are considered superior.
Kou Zongshi said: Shihu is thin like small grass, three to four cun long, flexible, and solid like flesh when broken. People today often confuse it with Mujie, failing to distinguish them. Mujie is hollow inside like grain stalks, over a chi long, merely possessing a deep yellow luster.
Li Shizhen said: Shihu grows in clusters on rocks. Its roots are intricately tangled and dense; when dry, they are white and soft. Stems and leaves are green when growing, turning yellow when dry. It bears red flowers. Rootlets grow naturally from the nodes. People also cut them down, plant them in sand and gravel, or hang them in containers under eaves, watering frequently. They can survive for years without dying, commonly known as "Qiannian Run" (Thousand-Year Moisture). Shihu is short and solid inside, while Mujie is long and hollow inside, making them easy to distinguish. It is found everywhere, with those from Shu being the best.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using, remove the root head, soak in wine overnight, sun-dry, mix with butter (su), steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to You hour (5-7 PM), and slowly bake dry for use.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Pu said: Shennong considered it sweet and neutral. Bian Que considered it sour. Li Dangzhi considered it cold. Li Shizhen considered it sweet, bland, and slightly salty.
Xu Zhicai said: Luying acts as an assistant drug. It clashes with Ningshuishi (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Badou (Crotonis Fructus), and fears Leiwan (Holoturiaspera) and Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus).
[Indications] Regulates internal injuries, dispels bi-syndrome, descends qi, tonifies deficiency and emaciation of the five zang organs, strengthens yin and benefits essence. Long-term use thickens the stomach and intestines (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Tonifies internal exhaustion, harmonizes stomach qi, promotes muscle growth, expels pathogenic heat and feiqi from the skin, treats cold pain and weakness in legs and knees due to bi-syndrome, calms the spirit and eliminates palpitations. Lightens the body and prolongs life (*Mingyi Bielu*). Benefits qi and clears heat, treats weak loins and legs in men, strengthens yang, expels wind-bi from skin and muscles, cold lingering in bones, tonifies kidney and enhances strength (Quan). Strengthens sinews and bones, warms the water organ (kidney/bladder), benefits intelligence and clears qi (*Rihua Bencao*). Treats fever with spontaneous sweating, abscesses requiring pus drainage and internal blockage (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi said: Shihu stabilizes phlegm and secures the yuan qi of men. Wine-soaked and butter-steamed, if taken for a full yi (unit of weight), bone pain will never occur.
Kou Zongshi said: Shihu is effective in treating empty heat in the stomach.
Li Shizhen said: Shihu has a neutral qi, sweet, bland, and slightly salty flavor. It belongs to yin containing yang, and has a descending action. It is a herb for the Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian. *Shenshi Fang* states: For cases of damp scrotum, scanty essence, and dribbling urine, it should be added. Another method: Take 2 qian per dose, add one slice of fresh ginger, decoct in water, and drink as tea; this greatly clears the lungs and tonifies the spleen.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Eyelash inserted into eye: Chuan Shihu (Sichuan Dendrobium) and Chuanxiong in equal parts, ground into powder. Hold water in the mouth, sniff the powder into the respective nostrils, twice daily (*Xiuzhen Fang*).
Flying insect entering ear: Several strips of Shihu, remove roots to form a tube-like shape, insert one end into the ear, seal the surrounding area with wax, burn the Shihu until consumed.