（宋《开宝》）
【释名】荜拨。
时珍曰∶荜拨当作荜茇，出《南方草木状》，番语也。陈藏器《本草》作毕勃，《扶南传》
作逼拨，《大明会典》作毕茇。又段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶摩伽陀国呼为荜拨梨，拂林国呼
为阿梨诃陀。
【集解】恭曰∶荜茇生波斯国。丛生，茎叶似 酱，其子紧细，味辛烈于 酱。胡人将
来，入食味用也。
藏器曰∶其根名毕勃没，似柴胡而黑硬。
颂曰∶今岭南有之，多生竹林内。正月发苗作丛，高三四尺，其茎如箸。叶青圆如蕺菜，
阔二、三寸如桑，面光而浓。三月开花白色在表。七月结子如小指大，长二寸以来，青黑色，
类椹子而长。九月取采，灰杀曝干。南人爱其辛香，或取叶生茹之。复有舶上来者，更辛香。
时珍曰∶段成式言∶青州防风子可乱荜茇，盖亦不然。荜茇气味正如胡椒，其形长一二
寸，防风子圆如胡荽子，大不相侔也。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，去挺用头，以醋浸一宿，焙干，以刀刮去皮粟子令净乃用，免伤
人肺，令人上气。
【气味】辛，大温，无毒。
时珍曰∶气热味辛，阳也，浮也。入手足阳明经。然辛热耗散，能动脾肺之火。多用令
人目昏，食料尤不宜之。
【主治】温中下气，补腰脚，杀腥气，消食，除胃冷，阴疝 癖（藏器）。霍乱冷气，
心痛血气（大明）。水泻虚痢，呕逆醋心，产后泄痢，与阿魏和合良。得诃子、人参、桂心、
干姜，治脏腑虚冷肠鸣泄痢，神效（李 ）。治头痛鼻渊牙痛
【发明】宗 曰∶荜茇走肠胃，冷气呕吐、心腹满痛者宜之。多服走泄真气，令人肠虚
下重。
颂曰∶按《唐太宗实录》云∶贞观中，上以气痢久未痊，服名医药不应，因诏访求其
方。有卫士进黄牛乳煎荜茇方，御用有效。刘禹锡亦记其事云，后累试于虚冷者必效。
时珍曰∶牛乳煎详见兽部牛乳下。荜茇为头痛、鼻渊、牙痛要药，取其辛热，能入阳明
经散浮热也。
【附方】旧二，新八。
冷痰恶心∶荜茇一两，为末，食前用米汤服半钱。（《圣惠方》）暴泄身冷自汗，甚则欲
呕，小便清，脉微弱，宜已寒丸治之。荜茇、肉桂各二钱半，高良姜、干姜各三钱半。为末，
糊丸梧子大。每服三十丸，姜汤下。（《和剂局》）胃冷口酸流清水，心下连脐痛。用荜茇半
两，浓朴（姜汁浸炙）一两。为末，入热鲫鱼肉，和丸绿豆大。每米饮下二十丸，立效。（余
居士《选奇方》）瘴气成块，在腹不散。用荜茇一两，大黄一两，并生为末，入麝香少许，
炼蜜丸梧子大，每冷酒服三十丸。（《永类钤方》）妇人血气作痛，及下血无时，月水不调。
用荜茇（盐炒）、蒲黄（炒）等分为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每空心温酒服三十丸，两服即止。
名二神丸。（陈氏方）
偏头风痛∶荜茇为末，令患者口含温水，随左右痛，以左右鼻吸一次，有效。（《经验
后方》）
鼻流清涕∶荜茇末吹之，有效。（《卫生易简方》）
风虫牙痛∶荜茇末揩之，煎苍耳汤漱去涎。《本草权度》∶用荜茇末、木鳖子肉。研膏化
开，搐鼻。《圣济总录
荜勃没
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】五劳七伤，冷气呕逆，心腹胀满，食不消化，阴汗寒疝核肿，妇人内冷无子，
治腰肾冷，除血气（藏器）。
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】荜拨。
李时珍说：荜拨应当写作荜茇，出自《南方草木状》，是外国的语言。陈藏器的《本草拾遗》写作毕勃，《扶南传》写作逼拨，《大明会典》写作毕茇。另外段成式的《酉阳杂俎》说：摩伽陀国称之为荜拨梨，拂林国称之为阿梨诃陀。
【集解】苏恭说：荜茇产于波斯国。丛生，茎叶像姜，它的果实紧实细小，味道比姜更辛辣猛烈。胡人将其带来，用于调味食用。
陈藏器说：它的根名叫毕勃没，形状像柴胡但颜色黑且质地坚硬。
苏颂说：现在岭南地区有生长，多生长在竹林内。正月发芽成丛，高三四尺，茎像筷子一样。叶子青圆像鱼腥草，宽二、三寸像桑叶，表面光滑且浓绿。三月开白花，花在外部。七月结子如小指粗细，长两寸左右，青黑色，形状像桑葚但更长。九月采收，用灰汁杀过并晒干。南方人喜欢它辛香的味道，有的取叶子生吃。又有从海外船运来的，味道更加辛香。
李时珍说：段成式说青州的防风子可以冒充荜茇，这也不对。荜茇的气味正如胡椒，形状长一二寸，而防风子圆得像芫荽子，大小完全不相称。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，去掉硬梗只用头部，用醋浸泡一夜，焙干，用刀刮去表面的皮和粟粒状物使其干净才使用，以免伤害人的肺，导致气逆上冲。
【气味】辛味，大热，无毒。
李时珍说：气热味辛，属于阳，性浮。归入手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经。然而辛热耗散，能扰动脾肺之火。多用使人眼睛昏花，在饮食调料中尤其不宜多用。
【主治】温中下气，补腰脚，去除腥味，消食，消除胃寒，治疗阴疝瘕癖（陈藏器）。霍乱冷气，心痛血气（唐慎微《嘉祐本草》）。水泻虚痢，呕逆吞酸，产后泄痢，与阿魏配合使用效果好。得到诃子、人参、桂心、干姜，治疗脏腑虚冷肠鸣泄痢，效果神奇（李珣）。治疗头痛、鼻渊、牙痛。
【发明】寇宗奭说：荜茇走肠胃，冷气呕吐、心腹满痛的人适宜服用。多服会走泄真气，使人肠虚下重。
苏颂说：按《唐太宗实录》记载：贞观年间，皇上因气痢久未痊愈，服用名医医药无效，于是下诏寻求良方。有卫士进献黄牛乳煎荜茇的方子，御用有效。刘禹锡也记述此事说，后来多次在虚寒体质者身上试用，必定有效。
李时珍说：牛乳煎法详见兽部牛乳条下。荜茇是治疗头痛、鼻渊、牙痛的要药，取其辛热之性，能入阳明经疏散浮热。
【附方】旧方两个，新方八个。
冷痰恶心：荜茇一两，研为末，饭前用米汤送服半钱。（《圣惠方》）暴泄身冷自汗，甚至想吐，小便清，脉微弱，宜用已寒丸治疗。荜茇、肉桂各二钱半，高良姜、干姜各三钱半。研为末，糊丸如梧桐子大。每次服三十丸，姜汤送下。（《太平惠民和剂局方》）胃冷口酸流清水，心下连脐痛。用荜茇半两，厚朴（姜汁浸后炙）一两。研为末，加入热鲫鱼鱼肉，和丸如绿豆大。每次用米饮送下二十丸，立即见效。（余居士《选奇方》）瘴气结成块，在腹部不散。用荜茇一两，大黄一两，均生用研为末，加入少许麝香，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每次用冷酒送服三十丸。（《永类钤方》）妇人血气作痛，以及不时下血，月经不调。用荜茇（盐炒）、蒲黄（炒）等分为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大。每次空心时温酒送服三十丸，服两次即止。名为二神丸。（陈氏方）
偏头风痛：荜茇研为末，让患者口含温水，根据疼痛在左或右，用对应的鼻孔吸入一次，有效。（《经验后方》）
鼻流清涕：将荜茇末吹入鼻中，有效。（《卫生易简方》）
风虫牙痛：用荜茇末擦拭，煎苍耳子汤漱口去涎。《本草权度》：用荜茇末、木鳖子肉。研膏化开，搐鼻。《圣济总录》
荜勃没
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】五劳七伤，冷气呕逆，心腹胀满，食物不消化，阴汗寒疝核肿，妇人内冷无子，治疗腰肾冷，除血气（陈藏器）。
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Bibo.
Li Shizhen states: "Bibo" should be written as "Bibo" (Long Pepper, *Piper longum*), originating from *Nanfang Caomu Zhuang*, which is a foreign term. Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* writes it as "Bobo", *Funan Zhuan* writes it as "Bibo", and *Daming Huidian* writes it as "Bibo". Additionally, Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu* states: Magadha country calls it "Biboli", and Fulin country calls it "Aliheta".
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong says: Long pepper grows in Persia. It grows in clumps; its stems and leaves resemble ginger (*Zingiberis Rhizoma*), and its fruits are tight and fine, with a flavor more pungent and acrid than ginger. Barbarians brought it here for use in seasoning food.
Chen Cangqi says: Its root is named "Bobomo", resembling Bupleuri Radix (*Chaihu*) but black and hard.
Su Song says: It is now found in the Lingnan region, often growing within bamboo forests. In the first month, shoots emerge forming clumps, three to four chi high, with stems like chopsticks. The leaves are green and round like Houttuyniae Herba (*Jicai*), two or three cun wide like mulberry leaves, smooth and dark green on the surface. In the third month, white flowers bloom externally. In the seventh month, fruits form, about the size of a little finger, over two cun long, dark green-black, resembling mulberries but longer. Harvested in the ninth month, treated with ash lye and sun-dried. Southerners love its pungent fragrance; some eat the leaves raw. Those imported by sea have an even stronger pungent fragrance.
Li Shizhen says: Duan Chengshi claimed that Fangfeng seeds from Qingzhou could pass off as Long pepper, which is incorrect. Long pepper has a scent just like Piperis Fructus (*Hujiao*); its shape is one to two cun long, whereas Fangfeng seeds are round like Coriandri Fructus (*Yansui Zi*), and their sizes are completely mismatched.
[Processing] Lei Xiao says: When using, remove the stalks and use only the head. Soak in vinegar overnight, bake dry, and scrape off the skin and grain-like protrusions with a knife until clean before use, to avoid injuring the lungs and causing Qi rebellion.
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, greatly warm, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen says: The Qi is hot and the flavor is pungent, belonging to Yang and floating. It enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. However, pungent and hot substances dissipate Qi and can stir up Fire in the Spleen and Lungs. Overuse causes blurred vision and is particularly unsuitable for culinary use.
[Indications] Warms the Middle, directs rebellious Qi downward, tonifies the waist and knees, eliminates fishy odors, promotes digestion, removes Cold in the Stomach, treats Yin Hernia and masses (Chen Cangqi). Treats Cold Qi in Cholera, Heart Pain, and Blood-Qi disorders (Tang Shenwei). Treats watery diarrhea and deficiency dysentery, vomiting and acid regurgitation, postpartum diarrhea and dysentery; combined with Asafoetida (*Asafetidae Resina*), it is effective. Combined with Chebulae Fructus (*Hezi*), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (*Renshen*), Cinnamomi Ramulus (*Guixin*), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (*Ganjiang*), it miraculously treats intestinal rumbling and diarrhea due to deficiency-Cold of the Zang-Fu organs (Li Xun). Treats headache, Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis), and toothache.
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi says: Long pepper travels to the intestines and stomach; it is suitable for those with Cold Qi, vomiting, and fullness/pain in the heart and abdomen. Excessive consumption leaks True Qi, causing intestinal deficiency and a heavy sensation in the lower body.
Su Song says: According to the *Veritable Records of Tang Taizong*: During the Zhenguan era, the Emperor suffered from chronic Qi dysentery that did not heal despite treatment by famous physicians. He issued an edict seeking prescriptions. A guard submitted a prescription of Yellow Ox Milk boiled with Long pepper, which was effective when used by the Emperor. Liu Yuxi also recorded this event, stating that subsequent trials on patients with deficiency-Cold were invariably effective.
Li Shizhen says: The method of boiling with ox milk is detailed under the entry for Ox Milk in the Beast Section. Long pepper is a key herb for treating headache, Bi Yuan, and toothache, utilizing its pungent and hot nature to enter the Yangming Meridians and disperse floating Heat.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old prescriptions, eight new ones.
Cold Phlegm and Nausea: One qian of Long pepper, ground into powder. Take half a qian before meals with rice soup. (*Shenghui Fang*). Acute diarrhea with cold body and spontaneous sweating, possibly vomiting, clear urine, and weak pulse: Treat with Yi Han Wan. Two and a half qian of Long pepper and Cinnamon Twig (*Rougui*), three and a half qian of Galangal (*Gaoliangjiang*) and Fresh Ginger (*Ganjiang*). Grind into powder, make pills with paste the size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills each time with ginger soup. (*Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*). Stomach Cold with sour taste and clear fluid flow, pain extending from the epigastrium to the umbilicus: Use Ban liang of Long pepper and one liang of Magnolia Bark (*Houpo*) soaked in ginger juice and stir-fried. Grind into powder, mix with hot crucian carp meat, and make pills the size of mung beans. Take 20 pills with rice drink for immediate effect. (Yu Jushi *Xuanqi Fang*). Miasma forming masses that do not dissipate in the abdomen: Use one liang of Long pepper and one liang of Rhubarb (*Dahuang*), both raw, ground into powder. Add a small amount of Musk (*Shexiang*), make pills with refined honey the size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills with cold wine. (*Yonglei Qianfang*). Women's Blood-Qi pain and irregular bleeding or menstruation: Use equal parts of Salt-fried Long pepper and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis? No, Puhuang (*Puhuang* fried). Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills with warm wine on an empty stomach; stops after two doses. Named Er Shen Wan. (Chen Shi's Prescription).
Hemicrania: Grind Long pepper into powder. Have the patient hold warm water in their mouth. Depending on whether the pain is on the left or right, inhale the powder through the corresponding nostril once. Effective. (*Jingyan Houfang*).
Clear Nasal Discharge: Blow Long pepper powder into the nose. Effective. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*).
Wind-Worm Toothache: Rub Long pepper powder on the teeth; rinse with Xanthii Fructus decoction to remove saliva. *Bencao Quandu*: Use Long pepper powder and Momordica Seed (*Mubiezi*) flesh. Grind into a paste, dissolve, and insufflate into the nose. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Bobomo (Root of Long Pepper)
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, Cold Qi with vomiting and reflux, abdominal distension and fullness, indigestion,阴汗 (cold sweat in genital area), cold hernia with testicular swelling, internal cold in women leading to infertility, coldness of the waist and kidneys, and removal of Blood-Qi stagnation (Chen Cangqi).