（宋《开宝》）
【释名】时珍曰∶脾主智，此物能益脾胃故也，与龙眼名益智义同。按苏轼记云∶海南
产益智，花实皆长穗，而分为三节。观其上中下节，以候早中晚禾之丰凶。大丰则皆实，大
凶皆不实，罕有三节并熟者。其为药只治水，而无益于智，其得此名，岂以其知岁耶？此亦
一说也，终近穿凿。
【集解】藏器曰∶益智出昆仑及交趾国，今岭南州郡往往有之。顾微《广州记》云∶其
叶似襄荷，长丈余。其根上有小枝，高八九寸，无华萼。茎如竹箭，子从心出。一枝有十子
丛生，大如小枣。其中核黑而皮白，核小者佳，含之摄涎秽。或四破去核，取外皮蜜煮为粽
食，味辛。晋卢循遗刘裕益智粽，是此也。
恭曰∶益智子似连翘子头未开者，苗叶花根与豆无别，惟子小尔。
时珍曰∶按嵇含《南方草木状》云∶益智二月花，连着实，五、六月熟。其子如笔头而
两头尖，长七八分，杂五味中，饮酒芬芳，亦可盐曝及作粽食。观此则顾微言其无华者，误
矣。今之益智子形如枣核，而皮及仁，皆似草豆蔻云。
仁
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】遗精虚漏，小便余沥，益气安神，补不足，安三焦，调诸气。夜多小便者，取
二十四枚碎，入盐同煎服，有奇验（志）。治客寒犯胃，和中益气，及人多唾（李杲）。益脾
胃，理元气，补肾虚滑沥（好古）。冷气腹痛，及心气不足，梦泄赤浊，热伤心系，吐血血
崩诸证（时珍）。
【发明】刘完素曰∶益智辛热，能开发郁结，使气宣通。王好古曰∶益智本脾药，主君
相二火。在集香丸，则入肺；在四君子汤则入脾，在大凤髓丹则入肾，三藏互有子母相关之
义。当于补药中兼用之，勿多服。
时珍曰∶益智大辛，行阳退阴之药也，三焦、命门气弱者宜之。按杨士瀛《直指方》云∶
心者脾之母，进食不止于和脾，火能生土，当使心药入脾胃药中，庶几相得。故古人进食药
中，多用益智，土中益火也。又按洪迈《夷坚志》云∶秀川进士陆迎，忽得吐血不止，气蹶
惊颤，狂躁直视，至深夜欲投户而出。如是两夕，遍用方药弗瘳。夜梦观音授一方，命但服
一料，永除病根。梦觉记之，如方治药，其病果愈。其方∶用益智子仁一两，生朱砂二钱，
青橘皮五钱，麝香一钱。碾为细末。每服一钱，空心灯心汤下。
【附方】新八。
小便频数，脬气不足也。雷州益智子（盐炒，去盐）、天台乌药等分，为末，酒煮山药
粉为糊，丸如梧子大。每服七十丸，空心盐汤下。名缩泉丸。（《朱氏集验方》）心虚尿滑，
及赤白二浊。益智子仁、白茯苓、白术等分，为末。每服三钱，白汤调下。白浊腹满，不拘
男妇。用益智仁（盐水浸炒）、浓朴（姜汁炒）等分，姜三片，枣一枚，水煎服。（《永类钤
方》）
小便赤浊∶益智子仁、茯神各二两，远志、甘草（水煮）各半斤，为末，酒糊丸梧子大，
空心姜汤下五十丸。腹胀忽泻日夜不止，诸药不效，此气脱也。用益智子仁二两，浓煎饮之，
立愈。（危氏《得效方》）妇人崩中∶益智子炒碾细。米饮入盐，服一钱。（《产宝》）
香口辟臭∶益智子仁一两，甘草二钱。碾粉舐之。（《经验良方》）
漏胎下血∶益智仁半两，缩砂仁一两。为末。每服三钱，空心白汤下，日二服。（胡氏
《济阴方》）
（引自宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】李时珍说：脾脏主管智慧，这种药物能补益脾胃，所以得名。它与龙眼肉被称为“益智”的意义相同。据苏轼记载：海南出产益智，花和果实都是长穗状，分为三节。观察其上、中、下三节，可以预测早稻、中稻、晚稻的丰收或歉收。大丰收时三节都结实，大歉收时三节都不结实，很少有三节同时成熟的。它作为药材只用于治水病，对智慧没有益处，它得到这个名字，难道是因为它能预知年景吗？这也是一说，但终究显得牵强附会。
【集解】陈藏器说：益智产于昆仑及交趾国，如今岭南各州郡都有出产。顾微在《广州记》中说：它的叶子像菖蒲，长达一丈多。根部有小枝，高八九寸，没有花萼。茎像竹箭，果实从中心长出。一枝上有十个果实丛生，大小像小枣。里面的核是黑色的，皮是白色的，核小的品质好，含在口中可以收敛唾液。或者将其劈成四瓣去掉核，取外皮用蜂蜜煮成粽子食用，味道辛辣。晋代卢循送给刘裕益智粽，就是指的这个。
陶恭说：益智子形状像未开放的连翘子头，苗、叶、花、根与豆类植物没有区别，只是果实较小罢了。
李时珍说：据嵇含《南方草木状》记载：益智二月开花，花实相连，五、六月成熟。它的果实像笔头一样两头尖，长七八分，混杂在五味子中饮酒时香气芬芳，也可以用盐腌制晒干或做成粽子食用。看这些记载，那么顾微说它没有花是错误的。现在的益智子形状像枣核，果皮和仁都像草豆蔻。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】遗精虚损漏泄，小便淋漓不尽，益气安神，补益不足，安定三焦，调理各种气机。夜间小便多者，取二十四枚捣碎，加盐同煎服用，有奇效（引自《志》）。治疗外寒犯胃，调和脾胃之气，以及人多唾沫（李杲）。补益脾胃，理顺元气，补肾虚导致的滑沥（王好古）。冷气腹痛，以及心气不足，梦中遗精、小便赤浊，热邪伤心系，吐血、血崩等各种证候（李时珍）。
【发明】刘完素说：益智辛热，能开发郁结，使气机宣通。王好古说：益智本是脾经药，主要调节君火和相火。在集香丸中，则入肺经；在四君子汤中则入脾经；在大凤髓丹中则入肾经，五脏之间互有母子相生相关的意义。应当在补药中兼用，不要过量服用。
李时珍说：益智是大辛之品，属于行阳退阴的药物，三焦、命门气弱的人适宜使用。据杨士瀛《直指方》记载：心是脾之母，进食不止在于调和脾土，火能生土，应当让心经药物进入脾胃药中，这样才能相得益彰。所以古人进食药中，多用益智，意在土中益火（即通过补脾来助心火，或理解为培土制水/火生土之意，此处原文意指火生土，故用益智温脾以应心火之母）。又据洪迈《夷坚志》记载：秀川进士陆迎，忽然吐血不止，气逆惊颤，狂躁直视，到深夜想要开门出去。这样持续了两个晚上，遍用方药无效。夜里梦见观音传授一方，命令只服一料，永除病根。醒来后记下此方，按方制药，病情果然痊愈。其方：用益智子仁一两，生朱砂二钱，青橘皮五钱，麝香一钱。研为细末。每次服用一钱，空腹用灯心草汤送下。
【附方】新收录八方。
小便频数，因膀胱气不足所致。雷州产的益智子（盐炒，去盐）、天台乌药等分，研为末，用酒煮山药粉制成糊状，丸如梧桐子大。每次服用七十丸，空腹用盐汤送下。名为缩泉丸。（出自《朱氏集验方》）
心虚尿滑，以及赤白二浊。益智子仁、白茯苓、白术等分，研为末。每次服用三钱，白开水调下。白浊伴腹部胀满，不分男女。用益智仁（盐水浸炒）、浓朴（姜汁炒）等分，生姜三片，大枣一枚，水煎服。（出自《永类钤方》）
小便赤浊：益智子仁、茯神各二两，远志、甘草（水煮）各半斤，研为末，酒糊丸如梧桐子大，空腹姜汤送下五十丸。腹胀突然腹泻日夜不止，诸药无效，这是气脱证。用益智子仁二两，浓煎饮用，立即痊愈。（危氏《得效方》）
妇人崩中（大量出血）：益智子炒后碾细。米饮中加入盐，服用一钱。（出自《产宝》）
香口辟臭：益智子仁一两，甘草二钱。研粉舔舐。（出自《经验良方》）
漏胎下血（妊娠期间阴道流血）：益智仁半两，缩砂仁一两。研为末。每次服用三钱，空腹白开水送下，每日两次。（胡氏《济阴方》）
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: The Spleen governs intelligence; this substance benefits the Spleen and Stomach, hence its name. This is consistent with the meaning behind naming Longan fruit as "Yi Zhi" (Benefiting Intelligence). According to Su Shi's records: Yi Zhi is produced in Hainan; its flowers and fruits are long spikes divided into three sections. By observing these upper, middle, and lower sections, one can predict the harvest of early, mid-season, and late rice. In a year of great abundance, all sections bear fruit; in a year of great famine, none bear fruit; it is rare for all three sections to ripen simultaneously. As a medicinal material, it is only used for treating water-related diseases and has no benefit to intelligence. Could its name derive from its ability to know the yearly harvest? This is another theory, though ultimately it seems far-fetched.
[Collection and Explanation] Chen Cangqi stated: Yi Zhi originates from Kunlun and Jiaozhi countries, but is now found in various prefectures and commanderies of Lingnan. Gu Wei's *Guangzhou Ji* states: Its leaves resemble Acorus calamus, growing over ten feet long. Small branches emerge from the root, standing eight or nine inches high, without calyxes. The stem resembles bamboo arrows, and the seeds emerge from the center. One branch bears ten seeds clustered together, the size of small dates. The inner kernel is black, and the skin is white; kernels that are smaller are of better quality. Chewing them helps control saliva. Alternatively, they may be split into four parts, the kernels removed, and the outer skin boiled with honey to make zongzi (sticky rice dumplings), which taste pungent. Lu Xun of the Jin Dynasty presented Liu Yu with Yi Zhi zongzi, referring to this.
Tao Gong stated: Yi Zizi resembles unopened Forsythia capsules. The seedlings, leaves, flowers, and roots are indistinguishable from legumes, except the seeds are smaller.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Xi Han's *Nanfang Caomu Zhuang*: Yi Zhi flowers in February, with flowers and fruits connected, ripening in May and June. Its seeds are like pen tips, pointed at both ends, seven or eight fen long. Mixed with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis), it imparts fragrance when drinking wine. It can also be salted, dried, or made into zongzi. Based on this, Gu Wei's claim that it lacks flowers is incorrect. Current Yi Zizi resembles date pits, with skins and kernels similar to Caodoukou (Grains of Paradise).
[Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae]
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Nocturnal emission due to deficiency and leakage, dribbling after urination, benefiting Qi and calming the Spirit, tonifying insufficiency, stabilizing the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), and regulating various Qi mechanisms. For frequent nocturia, take 24 seeds, crush them, decoct with salt, and ingest; this yields remarkable results (cited from *Zhi*). Treats external cold invading the Stomach, harmonizes the Middle Jiao and benefits Qi, and reduces excessive salivation (Li Gao). Benefits the Spleen and Stomach, regulates Yuan Qi, and treats Kidney deficiency leading to slippery discharge (Wang Haogu). Cold Qi abdominal pain, Heart Qi insufficiency, dream-emission with red turbid urine, Heat damaging the Heart system, hematemesis, metrorrhagia, and other syndromes (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Liu Wansu stated: Yi Zhi is pungent and hot; it can resolve stagnation and promote the free flow of Qi. Wang Haogu stated: Yi Zhi is primarily a Spleen herb, governing the Ministerial Fire and Imperial Fire. In Jixiang Wan, it enters the Lung meridian; in Sizijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), it enters the Spleen meridian; in Dafengsui Dan, it enters the Kidney meridian. There is a mutual mother-son relationship among the Three Zang organs. It should be used concurrently in tonifying formulas, but not in large doses.
Li Shizhen stated: Yi Zhi is strongly pungent, a herb that promotes Yang and retreats Yin, suitable for those with weak Qi in the Sanjiao and Mingmen (Gate of Life). According to Yang Shiying's *Zhizhi Fang*: The Heart is the Mother of the Spleen. Digestion involves more than just harmonizing the Spleen; since Fire generates Earth, Heart herbs should be incorporated into Spleen and Stomach formulas to achieve synergy. Thus, ancients often used Yi Zhi in digestive formulas to benefit Fire within the Earth element. Additionally, Hong Mai's *Yijian Zhi* records: Lu Ying, a scholar from Xiuchuan, suddenly suffered from continuous hematemesis, Qi rebellion,惊颤 (tremors), mania, staring blankly, and wanting to open the door and go out late at night. This persisted for two nights, and various prescriptions failed. He dreamed of Guanyin (Avalokitesvara) transmitting a formula, instructing him to take only one dose to permanently cure the disease. Upon waking, he recorded the formula, prepared the medicine accordingly, and recovered. The formula: Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel 1 liang, Cinnabar (raw) 2 qian, Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 5 qian, Moschus 1 qian. Pulverized into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, administered on an empty stomach with Decoctio Junci (Juncus effusus tea).
[Attached Formulas] Eight new formulas.
Frequent urination due to insufficient Qi of the Bladder: Lei Zhou Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (salt-fried, remove salt) and Tiantai Laurus Neurocadis Radet Cortex (Wu Yao) in equal proportions. Pulverize. Use wine-boiled Dioscorea opposita starch to form pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 70 pills per dose, administered on an empty stomach with salt water. Named Suoquan Wan (Urine-Retaining Pill) (from *Zhu Shi Ji Yan Fang*).
Heart deficiency with slippery urination, and red/white turbid urine: Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel, Poria cocos, and Atractylodes macrocephala in equal proportions. Pulverize. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with plain boiled water. For white turbidity with abdominal fullness, applicable to both men and women. Use Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel (soaked in salt water and fried), Magnolia officinalis bark (fried with ginger juice) in equal proportions, plus 3 slices of fresh Ginger and 1 Jujube. Decoct in water and ingest (from *Yong Lei Qian Fang*).
Red turbid urine: Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel and Polyporus umbellatus each 2 liang, Polygala tenuifolia and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (water-decocted) each half jin. Pulverize. Form pills with wine paste, size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 50 pills on an empty stomach with Ginger decoction. Sudden abdominal distension with incessant diarrhea day and night, unresponsive to other drugs, indicates Qi collapse. Use Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel 2 liang, decoct strongly and drink; immediate recovery occurs (Wei Shi's *De Xiao Fang*).
Metrorrhagia in women: Fry Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae and grind finely. Mix with rice gruel and salt, take 1 qian (from *Chan Bao*).
Fresh breath and eliminating odor: Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel 1 liang, Glycyrrhiza uralensis 2 qian. Grind into powder and lick (from *Jingyan Liangfang*).
Threatened miscarriage with bleeding: Rhizoma Alpiniae Oxyphyllae kernel half liang, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 1 liang. Pulverize. Take 3 qian per dose, administered on an empty stomach with plain boiled water, twice daily (Hu Shi's *Ji Yin Fang*).