（宋《开宝》）
【释名】时珍曰∶名义未详。藕下白 多密，取其密藏之意。此物实在根下，仁藏壳内，
亦或此意欤。
【集解】 曰∶缩砂密，生西海及西戎等地、波斯诸国。多从安东道来。志曰∶生南地。
苗
颂曰∶今惟岭南山泽间有之。苗茎似高良姜，高三、四尺。叶青，长八、九寸，阔半寸
以来。三月、四月开花在根下，五、六月成实，五、七十枚作一穗，状似益智而圆，皮紧浓
而皱，有粟纹，外有细刺，黄赤色。皮间细子一团，八隔，可四十余粒，如大黍米，外微黑
色，内白而香，似白豆蔻仁。七月、八月采之，辛香可调食味，及蜜煎糖缠用。
仁
【气味】辛，温，涩，无毒。权曰∶辛、苦。藏器曰∶酸。
曰∶辛、咸，平。得诃子、豆蔻、白芜夷、鳖甲良。好古曰∶辛，温，阳也，浮也。
入手足太阴、阳明、太阳、足少阴七经。得白檀香、豆蔻为使，入肺；得人参、益智为使，
入脾；得黄柏、茯苓为使，入肾；得赤、白石脂为使，入大小肠也。
【主治】虚劳冷泻，宿食不消，赤白泄痢，腹中虚痛下气（《开宝》）。主冷气腹痛，止
休息气痢劳损，消化水谷，温暖脾胃（甄权）。上气咳嗽，奔豚鬼疰，惊痫邪气（藏器）。一
切气，霍乱转筋。能起酒香味（大明）。
（元素）。补肺醒脾，养胃益肾，理元气，通滞气，散寒饮胀痞，噎膈呕吐，止女子崩中，
除咽喉口齿
【发明】时珍曰∶按韩 《医通》云∶肾恶燥，以辛润之。缩砂仁之辛，以润肾燥。又
云∶缩砂属土，主醒脾调胃，引诸药归宿丹田。香而能窜，和合五脏冲和之气，如天地以土
为冲和之气，故补肾药用同地黄丸蒸，取其达下之旨也。又化骨，食草木药及方士炼三黄皆
用之，不知其性何以能制此物也？
【附方】旧三，新一十三。
冷滑下痢，不禁虚羸。用缩砂仁熬为末，以羊子肝薄切掺之，瓦上焙干为末，入干姜末
等分，饭丸梧子大。每服四十丸，白汤下，日二服。又方∶缩砂仁、炮附子、干姜、浓朴、
陈橘皮等分。为末，饭丸梧子大。每服四十丸，米饮下，日二服。（并《药性论》）大便泻血，
三代相传者。缩砂仁为末，米饮热服二钱，以愈为度。（《十便良方》）
小儿脱肛∶缩砂（去皮）为末。以猪腰子一片，批开擦末在内，缚定，煮熟与儿食，次
服白矾丸。如气逆肿喘者，不治。（《保幼大全》）遍身肿满，阴亦肿者。用缩砂仁、土狗一
个，等分，研，和老酒服之。（《直指方》）
痰气膈胀∶砂仁捣碎，以萝卜汁浸透，焙干为末。每服一、二钱，食远沸汤服。（《简
便方》）
上气咳逆∶砂仁（洗净，炒研）、生姜（连皮）等分。捣烂，热酒食远泡服。（《简便
方》）
子痫昏冒∶缩砂（和皮炒黑），热酒调下二钱。不饮者，米饮下。此方安胎止痛皆效，
不可尽述。（陶隐居方）妊娠胎动，偶因所触，或跌坠伤损，致胎不安，痛不可忍者。缩砂
（熨斗内炒熟，去皮用仁），捣碎。每服二钱，热酒调下。须臾觉腹中胎动处极热，即胎已
安矣。神
妇人血崩∶新缩砂仁，新瓦焙研末。米饮服三钱。（《妇人良方》）
热拥咽痛∶缩砂壳为末，水服一钱。（戴原礼方）
牙齿疼痛∶缩砂常嚼之良。（《直指方》）
口吻生疮∶缩砂壳 研，擦之即愈。此蔡医博秘方也。（黎居士《简易方》）
鱼骨入咽∶缩砂、甘草等分。为末，绵裹含之咽汁，当随痰出矣。（王 《百一选方》）
误吞诸物∶金银铜钱等物不化者，浓煎缩砂汤饮之，即下。（危氏《得效方》）
一切食毒∶缩砂仁末，水服一、二钱。（《事林广记》）
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】李时珍说：名称的由来不详。藕根下的白色部分多且紧密，取它“密藏”的意思。这种药材实际上生长在根部下面，果仁藏在壳里面，或许也是这个意思吧。
【集解】苏颂说：缩砂密，生长在西海及西戎等地、波斯等国。大多从安东道运来。志书说：生长在南方地区。
苗
苏颂说：现在只有岭南的山野沼泽间有生长。茎叶像高良姜，高三四尺。叶子青色，长八九寸，宽半寸左右。三月、四月在根部开花，五六月结果实，五七十枚结成一穗，形状像益智仁但更圆，皮紧厚且有皱纹，有粟米般的纹路，外面有细刺，呈黄红色。皮内有一团细小的种子，分为八瓣，约有四十多粒，像大黍米一样，外面微黑，里面白色且芳香，类似白豆蔻仁。七月、八月采收，辛香可调拌食物味道，也可用于蜜煎或糖缠食用。
仁
【气味】辛，温，涩，无毒。李权说：辛、苦。陈藏器说：酸。
寇宗奭说：辛、咸，平。与诃子、豆蔻、白芜夷、鳖甲配伍效果好。李好古说：辛，温，属阳，性浮。
归入手太阴肺经、手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经、足太阳膀胱经、足少阴肾经等七条经脉。与白檀香、豆蔻配伍为使药，入肺经；与人参、益智仁配伍为使药，入脾经；与黄柏、茯苓配伍为使药，入肾经；与赤石脂、白石脂配伍为使药，入大小肠经。
【主治】虚劳冷泻，宿食不消化，赤白痢疾，腹中虚痛下气（《开宝本草》）。主治冷气腹痛，止休息痢和劳损引起的痢疾，消化水谷，温暖脾胃（甄权）。治疗上气咳嗽，奔豚病、鬼疰病，惊痫邪气（陈藏器）。治疗各种气滞，霍乱转筋。能激发酒香味（孟诜）。
（王好古）。补肺醒脾，养胃益肾，调理元气，疏通滞气，散寒饮胀痞，噎膈呕吐，止女子崩漏，除咽喉口齿……
【发明】李时珍说：据韩祗和《伤寒微旨论》（注：原文作《医通》，疑为笔误或泛指医书，此处依原文翻译）记载：“肾恶燥，以辛润之。”缩砂仁的辛味，可以滋润肾燥。又说：“缩砂属土，主要作用是醒脾调胃，引导诸药归宿丹田。”香气浓郁并能窜透，调和五脏冲和之气，就像天地以土为冲和之气，所以补肾药常同地黄丸一起蒸制，取其通达下焦的宗旨。另外，它能化骨，吃草木药及方士炼制三黄（雄黄、雌黄、硫黄）时都用它，不知道它的性质为何能制约这些物质呢？
【附方】旧方三个，新方十三个。
冷滑下痢，不禁虚羸。用缩砂仁炒后研末，将羊肝薄切掺入，在瓦上焙干研末，加入干姜末等量，用米饭制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用四十丸，白开水送服，每日两次。又一方：缩砂仁、炮附子、干姜、浓朴、陈橘皮等量。研末，用米饭制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用四十丸，米汤送服，每日两次。（均出自《药性论》）大便泻血，三代相传者。缩砂仁研末，热米汤送服二钱，以痊愈为度。（《十便良方》）
小儿脱肛：缩砂（去皮）研末。取一片猪腰子，剖开擦入药末，绑好，煮熟给患儿吃，随后服用白矾丸。如果气逆肿喘的，无法治愈。（《保幼大全》）遍身肿满，阴部也肿胀的。用缩砂仁、土狗各一个，等量，研磨，配合老酒服用。（《直指方》）
痰气膈胀：砂仁捣碎，用萝卜汁浸透，焙干研末。每次服用一、二钱，饭后用沸水送服。（《简便方》）
上气咳逆：砂仁（洗净，炒研）、生姜（连皮）等量。捣烂，饭后用热酒泡服。（《简便方》）
子痫昏冒：缩砂（带皮炒黑），热酒调服二钱。不饮酒者，用米汤送服。此方安胎止痛皆有效，不可尽述。（陶隐居方）妊娠胎动，偶然因触碰，或跌坠伤损，导致胎不安，疼痛难忍。缩砂（在熨斗内炒熟，去皮用仁），捣碎。每次服用二钱，热酒调服。片刻后感觉腹部胎动处极热，即胎儿已安。神
妇人血崩：新缩砂仁，新瓦焙干研末。米汤送服三钱。（《妇人良方》）
热拥咽痛：缩砂壳研末，水服一钱。（戴原礼方）
牙齿疼痛：常嚼缩砂良效。（《直指方》）
口吻生疮：缩砂壳研末，擦拭即愈。这是蔡医博的秘方。（黎居士《简易方》）
鱼骨入咽：缩砂、甘草等量。研末，用棉布包裹含服咽汁，鱼骨应随痰排出。（王璆《百一选方》）
误吞诸物：金银铜钱等物不化者，浓煎缩砂汤饮用，即可排出。（危氏《得效方》）
一切食毒：缩砂仁末，水服一、二钱。（《事林广记》）
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: The origin of the name is unclear. The white part under the lotus root is dense and compact, taking on the meaning of "dense storage." This substance actually grows underground at the root level, with the kernel hidden inside the shell; perhaps this is also the intended meaning.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Suosha Mi (Amomum villosum) grows in the Western Sea, Western Rong regions, and various Persian countries. It mostly arrives via the Andong route. Records state it grows in southern regions.
Seedling
Su Song stated: Currently, it is only found in the mountains and marshes of Lingnan. The stems resemble those of Galangal (*Alpinia officinarum*), growing three to four chi tall. The leaves are green, eight to nine cun long, and about half a cun wide. Flowers bloom at the root level in March and April; fruits mature in May and June. Five to seventy fruits form one spike, resembling *Yizhi* (Alpinia oxyphylla) but rounder. The skin is tight, thick, and wrinkled, with millet-like patterns and fine spines externally, appearing yellowish-red. Inside the skin is a cluster of small seeds, divided into eight compartments, containing over forty grains, similar in size to large millet. Externally slightly black, internally white and aromatic, resembling the kernel of White Cardamom (*Bai Doukou*). Harvested in July and August. Its pungent aroma can season food and is used in honey-preserved or sugar-coated preparations.
Kernel
[Flavor and Toxicity] Pungent, warm, astringent, non-toxic. Li Quan stated: Pungent, bitter. Chen Cangqi stated: Sour.
Kou Zongshi stated: Pungent, salty, neutral. It works well when combined with Chebula (*Hezi*), Cardamom (*Doukou*), Peucedanum (*Bai Wuyi*), and Turtle Shell (*Biejia*). Li Haogu stated: Pungent, warm, yang, floating.
It enters the seven meridians: Hand Taiyin Lung, Hand Yangming Large Intestine, Foot Yangming Stomach, Foot Taiyang Bladder, and Foot Shaoyin Kidney. When used as an assistant herb with White Sandalwood (*Baitanxiang*) and Cardamom (*Doukou*), it enters the Lung meridian; with Ginseng (*Renshen*) and Alpinia Oxyphylla (*Yizhi*), it enters the Spleen meridian; with Phellodendron (*Huangbai*) and Poria (*Fuling*), it enters the Kidney meridian; with Red Kaolin (*Chishizhi*) and White Kaolin (*Baishizhi*), it enters the Large and Small Intestine meridians.
[Indications] Deficiency cold diarrhea, indigestion of retained food, dysentery with red and white discharge, abdominal deficiency pain with qi descending (*Kaibao Bencao*). Mainly treats cold qi abdominal pain, stops chronic dysentery and labor-induced dysentery, aids digestion of water and grain, warms the spleen and stomach (Zhen Quan). Treats ascending qi cough, Ben Tun (running piglet disease), Gui Zhu (ghost possession diseases), convulsions, and pathogenic qi (Chen Cangqi). Treats all types of qi stagnation, cholera with muscle cramps. Can enhance the aroma of wine (Meng Shen).
(Wang Haogu). Tonifies the lung, awakens the spleen, nourishes the stomach and kidney, regulates primordial qi, unblocks stagnant qi, disperses cold-fluid distension and痞 (fullness), yige (dysphagia), vomiting, stops uterine bleeding in women, removes throat and dental issues...
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Han Zhihe's *Yitong*, "The Kidney dislikes dryness; use pungent herbs to moisten it." The pungency of Suosha Ren (Cardamom Seed) moistens kidney dryness. It also states: "Suosha belongs to Earth, primarily awakening the spleen and regulating the stomach, guiding other herbs to return to the Dantian." Its fragrance is potent and penetrating, harmonizing the harmonious qi of the five zang organs, just as Heaven and Earth use Earth as the harmonious element. Therefore, kidney-tonifying medicines are often steamed together with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill), taking advantage of its ability to reach the lower jiao. Furthermore, it can dissolve bones; it is used when consuming herbal medicines and by alchemists refining Sanhuang (Realgar, Orpiment, Sulfur). It is unknown how its nature can control these substances.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, thirteen new prescriptions.
Cold slippery dysentery with uncontrollable debility. Use Suosha Ren roasted and powdered. Slice sheep liver thinly, mix with powder, bake on tiles until dry, then powder. Mix equally with Ginger Powder (*Ganjiang Mo*). Form pills the size of wu zi (wuze seeds). Take 40 pills each time, washed down with plain hot water, twice daily. Another prescription: Suosha Ren, Prepared Aconite (*Pao Fuzi*), Dried Ginger (*Ganjiang*), Magnolia Bark (*N Houpo*), and Tangerine Peel (*Chen Jupi*) in equal parts. Powder them, form pills the size of wu zi. Take 40 pills each time, washed down with rice drink, twice daily. (Both from *Yaoxing Lun*)
Blood in stool passed through generations. Powder Suosha Ren, take two qian with hot rice drink, continue until cured. (*Shibian Liangfang*)
Infant rectal prolapse: Powder Suosha Ren (peeled). Take one slice of pig kidney, split open, rub powder inside, tie securely, cook thoroughly, and feed to the child. Follow with Bai Fan Wan (Alum Pills). If accompanied by reverse qi, swelling, and asthma, it is incurable. (*Baoyou Daquan*)
Generalized edema with scrotal swelling. Use Suosha Ren and one ground beetle (*Tugou*) in equal parts, grind, and take with aged wine. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Phlegm-qi chest fullness: Crush Cardamom, soak in radish juice until saturated, bake dry, and powder. Take one or two qian after meals with boiling water. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Ascending qi and coughing against flow: Cardamom (washed, stir-fried, and ground), Ginger (with skin) in equal parts. Mash, and steep in hot wine to take after meals. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Eclampsia with fainting: Suosha (stir-fried black with skin), mixed with hot wine and taken orally, two qian. For those who do not drink alcohol, use rice drink. This formula is effective for calming the fetus and relieving pain, though not all cases can be listed. (Tao Hongjing's Formula)
Fetal movement during pregnancy, occasionally caused by contact or falls/injuries, leading to fetal instability and unbearable pain. Suosha (roasted熟 in an ironing pan, peeled, kernel used), crushed. Take two qian each time, mixed with hot wine. After a moment, feeling extreme heat at the site of fetal movement indicates the fetus is stabilized. Divine
Uterine bleeding in women: Fresh Suosha Ren, baked on a new tile and powdered. Take three qian with rice drink. (*Funren Liangfang*)
Heat obstruction and sore throat: Powder Suosha shell, take one qian with water. (Dai Yuanli's Formula)
Toothache: Chewing Suosha regularly is beneficial. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Sores at the mouth corners: Powder Suosha shell, apply externally for immediate healing. This is a secret recipe from Physician Cai. (Li Jushi's *Jianyi Fang*)
Fish bone stuck in throat: Suosha and Licorice (*Gancao*) in equal parts. Powder, wrap in cotton, hold in mouth to swallow juice; the bone should come out with phlegm. (Wang Qiu's *Baiyi Xuanfang*)
Accidental swallowing of foreign objects: For undigested items like gold, silver, copper, or coins, brew Suosha decoction strongly and drink; they will pass. (Wei Shi's *Defang Fang*)
All kinds of food poisoning: Suosha Ren powder, take one or two qian with water. (*Shilin Guangji*)