（荤菜类三十二种。）
（《别录》中品）
【释名】草钟乳（《拾遗》）、起阳草（侯氏《药谱》）。
颂曰∶案∶许慎《说文》∶韭字，象叶出地上形。一种而久生，故谓之韭。一岁三、四
割，其根不伤，至冬壅培之，先春复生，信乎久生者也。
藏器曰∶俗谓韭叶是草钟乳，言其温补也。
时珍曰∶韭之茎名韭白，根名韭黄，花名韭菁。《礼记》谓韭为丰本，言其美在根也。
薤之美在白，韭之美在黄，黄乃未出土者。
【集解】时珍曰∶韭丛生丰本，长叶青翠。可以根分，可以子种。其性内生，不得外长
。叶高三寸便剪，剪忌日中。一岁不过五剪，收子者只可一剪。八月开花成丛，收取腌藏供
馔，谓之长生韭，言∶剪而复生，久而不乏也。九月收子，其子黑色而扁，须风处阴干，勿
令郁。北人至冬移根于土窖中，培以马屎，暖则即长，高可尺许，不见风日，其叶黄嫩，
谓之韭黄，豪贵皆珍之。韭之为菜，可生可熟，可菹可久，乃菜中最有益者也。罗愿《尔雅
翼》云∶物久必变，故老韭为苋。
颂曰∶郑玄言∶政道得则阴物变为阳，故葱变为韭，可验葱冷而韭温也。
【气味】辛、微酸，温，涩，无毒。时珍曰∶生∶辛、涩；熟∶甘、酸。大明曰∶热。
宗 曰∶春食则香，夏食则臭，多食则能昏神暗目，酒后尤忌。
诜曰∶热病后十日食之，即发困。五月多食，乏气力。冬月多食，动宿饮，吐水。不可
与蜜及牛肉同食。
【主治】归心，安五脏，除胃中热，利病患，可久食（《别录》。时珍曰∶案∶《千金
方》作可久食，不利病患。）叶∶煮鲫鱼酢食，断卒下痢。根∶入生发膏用（弘景）。根、叶
∶煮食，温中下气，补虚益阳，调和脏腑，令人能食，止泄血脓，腹中冷痛。生捣汁服，主
胸痹骨痛不可触者，又解药毒，疗狂狗咬人数发者，亦涂诸蛇虺、蝎虿、恶虫毒（藏器）。
煮
食，充肺气，除心腹痼冷 癖。捣汁服，治肥白人中风失音（《日华》）。煮食，归肾壮阳，
止泄精，暖腰膝（宁原）。炸熟，以盐、醋空心吃十顿，治胸膈噎气。捣汁服，治胸痹刺痛
如
锥，即吐出胸中恶血甚验。又灌初生小儿，吐去恶水、恶血，永无诸病（诜）。主吐血唾血，
衄血尿血，妇人经脉逆行，打扑伤损及膈噎病。捣汁澄清，和童尿饮之，能消散胃脘瘀血，
甚效（震亨）。饮生汁，主上气喘息欲绝，解肉脯毒。煮汁饮，止消渴盗汗。熏产妇血运，
洗肠痔脱肛（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶此菜殊辛臭，虽煮食之，便出犹熏灼，不如葱、薤熟即无气，最是养
生所忌。
颂曰∶菜中此物最温而益人，宜常食之。昔人正月节食五辛以辟疠气，谓韭、薤、葱、
蒜、姜也。
宗 曰∶韭黄未出粪土，最不益人，食之滞气，盖含抑郁未申之气故也。
孔子曰∶“不时不食”，正谓此类。花食之亦动风。
思邈曰∶韭味酸，肝病宜食之，大益人心。
时珍曰∶韭，叶热根温，功用相同。生则辛而散血，熟则甘而补中。入足厥阴经，乃肝
之菜也。《素问》言，心病宜食韭，《食鉴本草》言∶归肾，文虽异而理则相贯。盖心乃
肝之
子，肾乃肝之母，母能令子实，虚则补其母也。道家目为五荤之一，谓其能昏人神而动虚阳
也。有一贫叟病噎膈，食入即吐，胸中刺痛。或令取韭汁，入盐、梅、卤汁少许，细呷，得
入渐加，忽吐稠涎数升而愈。此亦仲景治胸痹用薤白，皆取其辛温能散胃脘痰饮恶血之义也。
震亨曰∶心痛有食热物及怒郁，致死血留于胃口作痛者，宜用韭汁、桔梗加入药中，开
提气血。有肾气上攻以致心痛者，宜用韭汁和五苓散为丸，空心茴香汤下。盖韭性急，能散
胃口血滞也。又反胃宜用韭汁二杯，入姜汁、牛乳各一杯，细细温服。盖韭汁消血，姜汁下
气消痰和胃，牛乳能解热润燥补虚也。一人腊月饮刮剁酒三杯，自后食必屈曲下膈，硬涩微
痛，右脉甚涩，关脉沉。此污血在胃脘之口，气因郁而成痰，隘塞食道也。遂以韭汁半盏，
细细冷呷，尽半斤而愈。
【附方】旧十二，新二十。
胸痹急痛∶诜曰∶胸痹痛如锥刺，不得俯仰，自汗出，或痛彻背上，不治或至死。可取
生韭或根五斤，洗捣汁，服之。（《食疗本草》）
阴阳易病，男子阴肿，小腹绞痛，头重眼花，宜 鼠屎汤煮之∶用 鼠屎十四枚，韭根
一大把，水二盏，煮七分，去滓再煎二沸，温服，得汗愈。未汗再服。（《南阳活人书》）。
伤寒劳复∶方同上。
卒然中恶∶捣韭汁，灌鼻中，便苏。（《食医心镜》）。
卧忽不寤，勿以火照之，但痛啮拇指甲际而唾其面则活∶取韭捣汁吹入鼻中。冬月则用
韭根。（《肘后方》）。
风忤邪恶∶韭根一把，乌梅十四个，吴茱萸（炒）半升，水一斗煮之。仍以病患栉内入，
煮三沸。栉浮者生，沉者死。煮至三升，分三服。（《金匮要略》）。
喘息欲绝∶韭汁饮一升，效。（《肘后》）。
夜出盗汗∶韭根四十九根。水二升，煮一升，顿服。（《千金方》）
消渴引饮∶韭苗日用三、五两，或炒或作羹，勿入盐，入酱无妨。吃至十斤即住，极效
。过清明勿吃。有人病此，引饮无度，得此方而愈。（秦宪副方）。
喉肿难食∶韭一把，捣熬敷之。冷即易。（《千金方》）。
水谷痢疾∶韭叶作羹、粥、炸、炒，任食之，良。（《食医心镜》）。
脱肛不收∶生韭一斤（切），以酥拌炒熟，绵裹作二包，更互熨之，以入为度。（《圣惠》）。
痔疮作痛∶用盆盛沸汤，以器盖之，留一孔。用洗净韭菜一把，泡汤中。乘热坐孔上，
先熏后洗，数次自然脱体也。（《袖珍方》）
小儿胎毒∶初生时，以韭汁少许灌之，即吐出恶水恶血，永无诸疾。（《四声本草》）。
小儿腹胀∶韭根捣汁，和猪脂煎服一合。间日一服，取愈。（《秘录》）。
小儿患黄∶韭根捣汁，日滴鼻中，取黄水取效。（同上）。
痘疮不发∶韭根煎汤服之。（《海上方》）。
产后呕水，产后因怒哭伤肝，呕青绿水∶用韭叶一斤取汁，入姜汁少许，和饮，遂愈。
（《摘玄方》）。
产后血运∶韭菜切，安瓶中，沃以热醋，令气入鼻中，即省。（《丹溪心法》）。
赤白带下∶韭根捣汁，和童尿露一夜，空心温服取效。（《海上仙方》）。
鼻衄不止∶韭根、葱根同捣枣大，塞入鼻中，频易，两三度即止。（《千金方》）。
五般疮癣∶韭根炒存性，捣末，以猪脂和涂之。数度愈。（《经验方》）。
金疮出血∶韭汁和风化锻石晒干。每用为末敷之效。（《濒湖集简方》）。
刺伤中水肿痛∶煮韭热拓之。（《千金》）。
漆疮作痒∶韭叶杵敷。（《斗门方》）。
狗咬伤∶七日一发。三七日不发，乃脱也。急于无风处，以冷水洗净，即服韭汁一
碗
。隔七日又一碗，四十九日共服七碗。须百日忌食酸、咸，一年忌食鱼腥，终身忌食狗肉，
方得保安。否则十有九死。徐本斋云∶此法出《肘后方》。有疯犬一日咬三人，只一人用此
得活，亲见有效。（《简便》）。
百虫入耳∶韭汁灌之即出。（《千金方》）。
耳出汁∶韭汁日滴三次。（《圣惠方》）。
牙齿虫 ∶韭菜连根洗捣，同人家地板上泥和，敷痛处腮上，以纸盖住。一时取下，有
细虫在泥上，可除根。又方∶韭根十个，川椒二十粒，香油少许，以水桶上泥同捣，敷病牙
颊上。良久有虫出，数次即愈也。
解肉脯毒∶凡肉密器盖过夜者为郁肉，屋漏沾着者为漏脯，皆有毒。捣韭汁饮之。（张
文仲《备急方》）
食物中毒∶生韭汁服数升良。（《千金》）。
韭子
【修治】大明曰∶入药拣净，蒸熟曝干，簸去黑皮，炒黄用。
【气味】辛、甘，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶阳也。伏石钟乳、乳香。
【主治】梦中泄精，溺白（《别录》）。暖腰膝，治鬼交，甚效（《日华》）。补肝及命门
，治小便频数、遗尿，女人白淫、白带（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶韭子得龙骨、桑螵蛸，主漏精补中。葛洪、孙思邈诸方多用之。
弘景曰∶韭子入棘刺诸丸，主漏精。
时珍曰∶棘刺丸方见《外台秘要》，治诸劳泄，小便数，药多不录。案∶《梅师方》∶
治遗精。用韭子五合，白龙骨一两，为末，空心酒服方寸匕。《千金方》∶治梦遗，小便数
。用韭子二两，桑螵蛸一两，微炒研末，每旦酒服二钱。《三因方》∶治下元虚冷，小便不
禁，或成白浊，有家韭子丸。盖韭乃肝之菜，入足厥阴经。肾主闭藏，肝主疏泄。《素问》
曰∶足厥阴病则遗尿。思想无穷，入房太甚，发为筋痿，及为白淫。男随溲而下，女子绵绵
而下。韭子之治遗精漏泄、小便频数、女人带下者，能入厥阴，补下焦肝及命门之不足。命
门者藏精之府，故同治云。
【附方】旧四，新三。
梦遗溺白∶藏器曰∶韭子，每日空心生吞一、二十粒，盐汤下。《圣惠》∶治虚劳伤肾
，梦中泄精。用韭子二两，微炒为末。食前温酒服二钱匕。
虚劳溺精∶用新韭子二升（十月霜后采之），好酒八合渍一宿。以晴明日，童子向南捣
一
万杵。平旦温酒服方寸匕，日再服之。（《外台秘要》） 梦泄遗尿∶韭子二升，稻米三升，
水一斗七升，煮粥取汁六升，分三服。（《千金方》）。
玉茎强中∶玉茎强硬不痿，精流不住，时时如针刺，捏之则痛，其病名强中，乃肾滞漏
疾也。用韭子、破故纸各一两，为末。每服三钱，水一盏，煎服。日三即住。（《夏子益奇
方》）。
腰脚无力∶韭子一升（拣净，蒸两炊久，曝干，簸去黑皮，炒黄捣粉）。安息香二大两，
水煮一，二百沸，慢火炒赤色，和捣为丸梧子大。如干，入少蜜。每日空腹酒下三十丸。以
饭三，五匙压之，大佳。（崔元亮《海上方》）。
女人带下，及男子肾虚冷，梦遗。用韭子七升，醋煮千沸，焙研末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每
服三十丸，空心温酒下。（《千金方》）
烟熏虫牙∶用瓦片 红，安韭子数粒，清油数点，待烟起，以筒吸引至痛处。良久以温
水漱，吐有小虫出为效。未尽再熏。（《救急易方》）
（荤菜类第三十二种。）
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【名称解释】草钟乳（出自《本草拾遗》）、起阳草（出自侯氏《药谱》）。
苏颂说：考证许慎《说文解字》：韭字，描绘的是叶片长出地面的形状。一种植物却能长久生长，所以称为韭。一年可以收割三四次，根部不受损伤，到了冬天堆积泥土培护它，立春前又再生长，确实是一种长寿的植物。
陈藏器说：民间称韭菜叶为草钟乳，是说它具有温补的作用。
李时珍说：韭菜的茎叫韭白，根叫韭黄，花叫韭菁。《礼记》称韭菜为“丰本”，是说它的美味在于根部。薤（小根蒜）的美在于白色部分，韭菜的美在于黄色部分，黄色是指尚未出土的部分。
【集注与解说】李时珍说：韭菜丛生，根部丰满，叶子青翠。可以用根分株繁殖，也可以用种子播种。它的性质是内部生长，不能向外延伸。叶子长到三寸高就可以剪割，剪割要避开中午烈日。一年不超过五次剪割，收种子的只可剪一次。八月开花成丛，采收后腌制储藏供食用，称为长生韭，意思是剪了又生，长久不匮乏。九月采收种子，种子黑色而扁平，必须在通风处阴干，不要让它闷坏。北方人到了冬天把根移到土窖中，用马粪培肥，温暖就会生长，高度约一尺左右，不见风日，叶子黄嫩，称为韭黄，达官贵人皆视其为珍品。韭菜作为蔬菜，可以生吃也可以熟吃，可以做腌菜也可以久存，是蔬菜中最有益处的。罗愿在《尔雅翼》中说：事物久了必然变化，所以老韭菜会变成苋菜。
苏颂说：郑玄说：政治清明则阴物变为阳，所以葱变为韭，这可以验证葱性冷而韭性温。
【气味】辛味、微酸，性温，味涩，无毒。李时珍说：生吃：辛、涩；熟吃：甘、酸。唐慎微《嘉祐本草》（大明）说：性热。寇宗奭说：春季吃则香，夏季吃则臭，多吃会昏乱精神、暗损视力，酒后尤其忌讳。
孟诜说：热病后十天吃它，就会引发困倦。五月多吃，会乏力。冬季多吃，会触动体内停饮，导致吐水。不可与蜂蜜及牛肉同食。
【主治功效】入心经，安五脏，清除胃中热气，通利病患，可以长期食用（出自《名医别录》。李时珍考证：《千金方》作“可久食，不利病患”。）。叶：煮鲫鱼加醋吃，可断绝突然发作的下痢。根：用于制作生发膏（陶弘景）。根、叶：煮食，温中下气，补虚壮阳，调和脏腑，使人能进食，止泄血化脓，治疗腹中冷痛。生捣汁服用，主治胸痹骨痛不可触碰者，又能解药毒，治疗疯狗咬伤多次发作者，也可涂抹各种蛇蝎、毒虫咬伤中毒（陈藏器）。煮食，充实肺气，消除心腹陈旧寒冷积聚。捣汁服用，治疗肥胖之人中风失音（《日华子本草》）。煮食，入肾壮阳，止遗精，暖腰膝（宁原）。炸熟，空腹以盐、醋吃十顿，治疗胸膈噎气。捣汁服用，治疗胸痹刺痛如锥刺，吐出胸中恶血非常有效。又灌初生婴儿，吐出恶水恶血，永远不得各种疾病（孟诜）。主治吐血、唾血、鼻衄、尿血，妇女月经逆行，跌打损伤及膈噎病。捣汁澄清，与童子尿混合饮用，能消散胃脘瘀血，效果极佳（朱震亨）。饮生汁，主治上气喘息欲绝，解肉脯毒。煮汁饮用，止消渴盗汗。熏治产妇血晕，洗肠痔脱肛（李时珍）。
【发明与阐释】陶弘景说：这种菜特别辛辣臭秽，即使煮熟吃，吃完口气仍像熏灼一样，不如葱、薤煮熟就没有气味，最是不利于养生的人忌口。
苏颂说：蔬菜中此物最温和且对人有益，适宜经常食用。古人正月节气吃五辛以辟除疫疠之气，指的就是韭、薤、葱、蒜、姜。
寇宗奭说：韭黄未出粪土，最不利于人，吃了会阻滞气机，大概是因为含有郁结未舒展之气的原因。
孔子说：“不时不食”，正是说的这类情况。韭菜花吃了也会动风。
孙思邈说：韭菜味酸，肝病适宜食用，大益人心。
李时珍说：韭菜，叶热根温，功用相同。生则辛散血，熟则甘补中。入足厥阴肝经，是肝脏的菜。《素问》说，心病适宜吃韭，《食鉴本草》说入肾，文字虽异但道理相通。因为心是肝之子，肾是肝之母，母能令子实，虚证则补其母。道家将其列为五荤之一，说是它能昏乱人的神志并扰动虚阳。有一个贫病老人患噎膈，吃进去就吐，胸中刺痛。有人让他取韭汁，加少许盐、梅、卤汁，慢慢呷服，逐渐增加，忽然吐出几升稠涎而痊愈。这也是张仲景治疗胸痹用薤白，都是取其辛温能疏散胃脘痰饮恶血的义理。
朱震亨说：心痛有因吃热物及愤怒郁结，导致死血留在胃口作痛的，适宜用韭汁、桔梗加入药中，开提气血。有因肾气上攻导致心痛的，适宜用韭汁和五苓散做成丸剂，空腹茴香汤送下。大概韭菜性急，能疏散胃口血滞。又有反胃症适宜用韭汁两杯，加姜汁、牛乳各一杯，细细温服。大概韭汁消血，姜汁下气消痰和胃，牛乳能解热润燥补虚。有一人腊月喝刮剁酒三杯，此后吃东西必曲折下膈，硬涩微痛，右脉很涩，关脉沉。这是污血在胃脘之口，气因郁结而成痰，阻塞食道。于是用韭汁半盏，细细冷呷，喝完半斤而愈。
【附方】旧方十二首，新方二十首。
胸痹急痛：孟诜说：胸痹痛如锥刺，不能俯仰，自汗出，或痛彻背部，不治可能致死。可取生韭或根五斤，洗净捣汁，服用。（《食疗本草》）
阴阳易病，男子阴肿，小腹绞痛，头重眼花，宜用鼠屎汤煮韭根服：用鼠屎十四枚，韭根一大把，水二盏，煮至七分，去渣再煎二沸，温服，得汗即愈。未出汗再服。（《南阳活人书》）。
伤寒劳复：方同上。
突然中恶：捣韭汁，灌入鼻中，便苏醒。（《食医心镜》）。
卧睡突然不醒，不要用火照他，只要用力咬拇指指甲缝并朝他脸上唾沫就能救活：取韭捣汁吹入鼻中。冬季则用韭根。（《肘后备急方》）。
风忤邪恶：韭根一把，乌梅十四个，吴茱萸（炒）半升，水一斗煮之。仍将病人的梳子放入，煮三沸。梳子浮着的为生，沉下去的为死。煮至三升，分三次服。（《金匮要略》）。
喘息欲绝：饮韭汁一升，有效。（《肘后方》）。
夜间盗汗：韭根四十九根。水二升，煮成一升，一次性服完。（《千金方》）
消渴引饮：韭苗每天用三、五两，或炒或做羹，不放盐，放酱无妨。吃到十斤就停，极有效。过了清明节不要吃。有人患此病，饮水无度，得此方而愈。（秦宪副方）。
喉肿难食：韭一把，捣烂熬敷。冷了即换。（《千金方》）
水谷痢疾：韭叶做羹、粥、炸、炒，随意吃，好。（《食医心镜》）
脱肛不收：生韭一斤（切），用酥油拌炒熟，用绵布包成两个包，交替熨烫，以肛门收回为度。（《圣惠方》）
痔疮作痛：用盆盛沸水，用器皿盖住，留一个孔。用洗净韭菜一把，泡在汤中。乘热坐在孔上，先熏后洗，数次自然脱落。（《袖珍方》）
小儿胎毒：初生时，用少许韭汁灌之，即吐出恶水恶血，永无各种疾病。（《四声本草》）
小儿腹胀：韭根捣汁，和猪脂煎服一合。隔天服一次，取效。（《秘录》）
小儿患黄疸：韭根捣汁，每天滴入鼻中，引出黄水取效。（同上）
痘疮不发：韭根煎汤服之。（《海上方》）
产后呕水，产后因怒哭伤肝，呕青绿水：用韭叶一斤取汁，加少许姜汁，混合饮用，遂愈。（《摘玄方》）
产后血运：韭菜切，放入瓶中，浇上热醋，让气味闻入鼻中，即苏醒。（《丹溪心法》）
赤白带下：韭根捣汁，和童子尿露一夜，空腹温服取效。（《海上仙方》）
鼻衄不止：韭根、葱根同捣如枣大，塞入鼻中，频繁更换，两三次即止。（《千金方》）
五般疮癣：韭根炒存性，捣末，用猪脂调和涂抹。数次痊愈。（《经验方》）
金疮出血：韭汁和风化锻石晒干。每次用末敷之有效。（《濒湖集简方》）
刺伤中水肿痛：煮韭热敷之。（《千金方》）
漆疮作痒：韭叶捣敷。（《斗门方》）
狗咬伤：七日一发。三七日不发，乃脱也。急于无风处，用冷水洗净，即服韭汁一碗。隔七日又一碗，四十九日共服七碗。须百日忌食酸、咸，一年忌食鱼腥，终身忌食狗肉，方能保安。否则十有九死。徐本斋说：此法出自《肘后方》。有疯犬一天咬三人，只有一人用此法得活，亲眼见到有效。（《简便方》）
百虫入耳：韭汁灌之即出。（《千金方》）
耳出汁：韭汁每天滴三次。（《圣惠方》）
牙齿虫蛀：韭菜连根洗净捣碎，同人家地板上的泥混合，敷在痛处腮上，用纸盖住。一时取下，有细虫在泥上，可除根。又一方：韭根十个，川椒二十粒，香油少许，用水桶上的泥同捣，敷在病牙颊上。良久有虫出，数次即愈也。
解肉脯毒：凡肉密器盖过夜者为郁肉，屋漏沾着者为漏脯，都有毒。捣韭汁饮之。（张文仲《备急方》）
食物中毒：生韭汁服数升良。（《千金方》）
韭子
【修治】唐慎微《嘉祐本草》说：入药拣选干净，蒸熟曝晒干燥，簸去黑皮，炒黄使用。
【气味】辛、甘，温，无毒。
李时珍说：属阳。伏石钟乳、乳香。
【主治功效】梦中泄精，小便白浊（《名医别录》）。暖腰膝，治鬼交，效果很好（《日华子本草》）。补肝及命门，治小便频数、遗尿，女人白淫、白带（李时珍）。
【发明与阐释】苏颂说：韭子得龙骨、桑螵蛸，主漏精补中。葛洪、孙思邈各方多用之。
陶弘景说：韭子入棘刺诸丸，主漏精。
李时珍说：棘刺丸方见《外台秘要》，治诸劳泄，小便数，药多不录。考证：《梅师方》：治遗精。用韭子五合，白龙骨一两，为末，空腹酒服方寸匕。《千金方》：治梦遗，小便数。用韭子二两，桑螵蛸一两，微炒研末，每旦酒服二钱。《三因方》：治下元虚冷，小便不禁，或成白浊，有家韭子丸。大概韭是肝之菜，入足厥阴经。肾主闭藏，肝主疏泄。《素问》说：足厥阴病则遗尿。思想无穷，入房太甚，发为筋痿，及为白淫。男随溲而下，女子绵绵而下。韭子治疗遗精漏泄、小便频数、女人带下，能入厥阴，补下焦肝及命门之不足。命门是藏精之府，所以一同治疗。
【附方】旧方四首，新方三首。
梦遗溺白：陈藏器说：韭子，每日空腹生吞一、二十粒，盐汤送下。《圣惠方》：治虚劳伤肾，梦中泄精。用韭子二两，微炒为末。食前温酒服二钱匕。
虚劳溺精：用新韭子二升（十月霜后采之），好酒八合浸泡一夜。以晴天，童子向南捣一万杵。平旦温酒服方寸匕，每天两次。（《外台秘要》） 梦泄遗尿：韭子二升，稻米三升，水一斗七升，煮粥取汁六升，分三次服。（《千金方》）
玉茎强中：玉茎强硬不痿，精流不住，时时如针刺，捏之则痛，病名强中，乃肾滞漏疾也。用韭子、破故纸各一两，为末。每次服三钱，水一盏，煎服。每天三次即止。（《夏子益奇方》）
腰脚无力：韭子一升（拣净，蒸两炊久，曝干，簸去黑皮，炒黄捣粉）。安息香二大两，水煮一百二百沸，慢火炒赤色，和捣为丸梧子大。如干，入少蜜。每日空腹酒下三十丸。以饭三、五匙压之，大佳。（崔元亮《海上方》）
女人带下，及男子肾虚冷，梦遗。用韭子七升，醋煮千沸，焙研末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每次服三十丸，空腹温酒下。（《千金方》）
烟熏虫牙：用瓦片烧红，放韭子数粒，清油数点，待烟起，以筒吸引至痛处。良久以温水漱，吐有小虫出为效。未尽再熏。（《救急易方》）
(Category of Pungent Vegetables, No. 32.)
(Recorded in the Middle Grade of *Bie Lu* / *Additional Records of Famous Physicians*)
[Names] Caizhongru (Grass Stalactite) (*Shi Yi* / *Supplementary Records*), Qiyangcao (Yang-Raising Grass) (Hou's *Yao Pu* / *Compendium of Medicinals*).
Su Song said: According to Xu Shen's *Shuo Wen Jie Zi*: The character "Jiu" (Chinese Chives) depicts the shape of leaves emerging from the ground. It is a single type that grows for a long time, hence called Jiu. It can be harvested three or four times a year without injuring the roots. In winter, it is mounded and cultivated; before spring, it regrows. Indeed, it is a long-lived plant.
Chen Zangqi said: Commonly, the leaves of Chinese chives are called Caizhongru, indicating their warming and tonifying properties.
Li Shizhen said: The stem of Chinese chives is called Jiubai (White Chive), the root is called Jiu Huang (Yellow Chive), and the flower is called Jiu Jing. *Book of Rites* refers to Chinese chives as "Feng Ben" (Abundant Root), meaning its goodness lies in the root. The goodness of Xie (Small Allium) lies in its white part; the goodness of Jiu lies in its yellow part, which refers to the part not yet emerged from the soil.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Chinese chives grow in clumps with plump bases and emerald-green leaves. They can be propagated by root division or by seed. Their nature is internal growth and cannot extend outward. When leaves reach three cun in height, they can be cut; cutting should avoid midday sun. One should not cut more than five times a year; for seed collection, only one cut is allowed. Flowers bloom in clusters in August. Harvested, pickled, and stored for food, they are called Changsheng Jiu (Long-life Chives), implying that after cutting, they regrow and remain inexhaustible for a long time. Seeds are harvested in September; they are black and flat, must be dried in the shade in a ventilated place, and not allowed to become stuffy. In the north, people move the roots into earth cellars in winter, fertilize them with horse manure, and due to warmth, they grow up to about one chi high. Unexposed to wind and sunlight, the leaves turn yellow and tender, called Jiu Huang (Yellow Chives), cherished by the wealthy. As a vegetable, Chinese chives can be eaten raw or cooked, made into pickles or stored for a long time; they are the most beneficial among vegetables. Luo Yuan in *Er Ya Yi* said: Things change when old, so old Chinese chives become Amaranth.
Su Song said: Zheng Xuan stated: When governance is proper, Yin transforms into Yang, thus Scallion transforms into Chinese Chives. This verifies that Scallion is cold while Chinese Chives are warm.
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, slightly sour, warm, astringent, non-toxic. Li Shizhen said: Raw: pungent, astringent; Cooked: sweet, sour. Tang Shenwei (*Jia You Ben Cao*) said: Hot. Kou Zongshi said: Eating in spring is fragrant; eating in summer is foul. Excessive consumption confuses the spirit and dims the eyes; especially taboo after drinking alcohol.
Meng Shen said: Eating it ten days after a febrile disease induces fatigue. Eating too much in May causes weakness. Eating too much in winter stirs up retained fluids, causing vomiting of water. Do not eat with honey or beef.
[Indications] Enters the Heart Meridian, calms the Five Viscera, clears heat in the Stomach, benefits patients, and can be consumed for a long time (*Bie Lu*. Li Shizhen notes: *Qian Jin Fang* reads "can be consumed for a long time, detrimental to patients".). Leaves: Boiled with crucian carp and vinegar, it stops sudden dysentery. Roots: Used in hair-growth ointments (Tao Hongjing). Roots and Leaves: Boiled and eaten, they warm the middle, direct Qi downward, tonify deficiency, strengthen Yang, harmonize the viscera, stimulate appetite, stop bloody diarrhea and suppuration, and treat cold pain in the abdomen. Fresh juice taken orally treats chest bi syndrome with bone pain untouchable, resolves drug toxicity, treats recurrent bites from mad dogs, and can be applied to snake, scorpion, and insect venom (Chen Zangqi). Boiled and eaten, it supplements Lung Qi, eliminates chronic cold accumulations in the heart and abdomen. Juice taken orally treats stroke-induced aphasia in obese individuals (*Ri Hua Ben Cao*). Boiled and eaten, it enters the Kidney, strengthens Yang, stops seminal emission, and warms the waist and knees (Ning Yuan). Fried and eaten on an empty stomach with salt and vinegar for ten doses, it treats chest diaphragm obstruction and Qi stagnation. Juice taken orally treats chest bi stabbing pain like a awl, effectively expelling evil blood from the chest. Also administered to newborns to vomit out evil fluids and blood, preventing all diseases thereafter (Meng Shen). Treats hematemesis, spitting blood, epistaxis, hematuria, retrograde menstruation in women, traumatic injuries, and chest diaphragm obstruction. Clear juice mixed with urine of a healthy boy dissipates blood stasis in the epigastrium with great effect (Zhu Zhenheng). Drinking raw juice treats severe upper Qi wheezing approaching death, resolves meat spoilage toxicity. Boiled juice drunk stops thirst and night sweats. Fumigation treats postpartum blood syncope; washing treats hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse (Li Shizhen).
[Invention and Elucidation] Tao Hongjing said: This vegetable is particularly pungent and foul-smelling. Even when cooked, the odor persists like burning fumes, unlike Scallion and Small Allium which lose their odor when cooked. It is most taboo for those practicing health preservation.
Su Song said: Among vegetables, this one is the warmest and most beneficial; it is suitable for regular consumption. Ancients ate the Five Pungents in the first month to ward off pestilential Qi, referring to Chinese Chives, Small Allium, Scallion, Garlic, and Ginger.
Kou Zongshi said: Jiu Huang (Yellow Chives) grown in manure is least beneficial to humans; eating it stagnates Qi because it contains Qi that is depressed and unexpressed.
Confucius said: "Do not eat what is not in season," precisely referring to such items. Eating flowers also stirs Wind.
Sun Simiao said: Chinese chives taste sour; they are suitable for Liver diseases and greatly benefit the Heart.
Li Shizhen said: Chinese chives: leaves are hot, roots are warm; their functions are similar. Raw, they are pungent and disperse blood; cooked, they are sweet and tonify the middle. They enter the Foot Jueyin Meridian and are the vegetable of the Liver. *Su Wen* states that Heart diseases benefit from eating Chinese chives; *Shi Jian Ben Cao* states they enter the Kidney. Though the texts differ, the principles are consistent. The Heart is the Son of the Liver; the Kidney is the Mother of the Liver. The Mother can solidify the Son; in deficiency, tonify the Mother. Daoists classify it as one of the Five Pungents, saying it confuses the spirit and stirs deficient Yang. A poor elderly man suffered from chest diaphragm obstruction, vomiting immediately after eating, with stabbing chest pain. Someone advised him to take Chinese chive juice with a little salt, plum, and brine, sipping slowly and increasing gradually. He suddenly vomited several sheng of thick phlegm and was cured. This aligns with Zhang Zhongjing's use of Xie Bai for chest bi, both utilizing the pungent-warm property to disperse Phlegm-Fluids and evil blood in the epigastrium.
Zhu Zhenheng said: For heart pain caused by consuming hot foods or anger/stagnation leading to fixed blood stasis in the stomach causing pain, add Chinese chive juice and Platycodon to medicine to lift Qi and Blood. For heart pain caused by Kidney Qi attacking upward, mix Chinese chive juice with Wu Ling San to make pills, taken on an empty stomach with Fennel decoction. Chinese chives have an urgent nature and can disperse blood stasis in the stomach. For reverse vomiting, use two cups of Chinese chive juice, one cup each of Ginger juice and Cow's milk, taken slowly and warm. Chinese chive juice dissolves blood; Ginger juice directs Qi downward, resolves Phlegm, and harmonizes the Stomach; Cow's milk clears heat, moistens dryness, and tonifies deficiency. A person drank three cups of liquor in December, after which food had difficulty passing through the diaphragm, feeling hard, astringent, and slightly painful. The right pulse was very choppy, and the Guan pulse was deep. This was dirty blood at the entrance of the stomach, with Qi stagnating into Phlegm, blocking the esophagus. Half a zhan of Chinese chive juice was sipped slowly and cold; after finishing half a jin, he was cured.
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old prescriptions, twenty new prescriptions.
Chest Bi Acute Pain: Meng Shen said: Chest bi pain like awl piercing, inability to bend or straighten, spontaneous sweating, or pain radiating to the back; if untreated, may lead to death. Take five jin of fresh Chinese chives or roots, wash, crush, and extract juice; drink it. (*Shi Liao Ben Cao*)
Yin-Yang Exchange Disease, Male Genital Swelling, Severe Lower Abdominal Colic, Heavy Head, Blurred Vision: Boil Chinese chive roots in Rat Dropping Decoction: Use fourteen rat droppings, a large handful of Chinese chive roots, two bowls of water. Boil to seven parts, remove dregs, boil again until two boils occur. Take warm; cure upon sweating. If no sweat, take again. (*Nan Yang Huo Ren Shu*)
Shang Han Labor Relapse: Same prescription as above.
Sudden Evil Invasion: Crush Chinese chives, extract juice, instill into nostrils; patient revives. (*Shi Yi Xin Jing*)
Sudden Unconsciousness in Sleep: Do not use fire to illuminate. Bite the nail bed of the thumb painfully and spit on the face to revive: Instill crushed Chinese chive juice into nostrils. In winter, use Chinese chive roots. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Wind and Evil Influence: One handful of Chinese chive roots, fourteen dark plums, half sheng of Stir-fried Evodia Fruit, ten dou of water. Boil. Place the patient's comb inside, boil three times. If the comb floats, the patient lives; if it sinks, the patient dies. Boil down to three sheng, divide into three doses. (*Jin Gui Yao Lue*)
Wheezing Approaching Death: Drink one sheng of Chinese chive juice; effective. (*Zhou Hou*)
Night Sweats: Forty-nine Chinese chive roots. Two sheng of water, boil to one sheng, take in one dose. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Xiao Ke (Thirst-Disease) with Polydipsia: Use three to five liang of Chinese chive shoots daily, stir-fried or made into soup, without salt (soy sauce is acceptable). Consume up to ten jin then stop; extremely effective. Do not eat after Qingming Festival. Someone with excessive thirst was cured by this prescription. (Prescription of Vice-Administrator Qin)
Throat Swelling Difficulty Eating: One bunch of Chinese chives, crush and apply. Change when cool. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Water and Grain Dysentery: Make Chinese chive leaves into soup, porridge, fried dishes, or stir-fries; eat freely. Good. (*Shi Yi Xin Jing*)
Rectal Prolapse Not Reducing: One jin of fresh Chinese chives (cut), mix with butter, stir-fry until cooked. Wrap in cotton cloth to make two packs. Alternate applying heat compresses until reduction occurs. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
Hemorrhoid Pain: Fill a basin with boiling water, cover with a vessel leaving one hole. Soak a washed bunch of Chinese chives in the water. Sit over the hole while hot, fumigate first then wash. After several times, it naturally detaches. (*Xiu Zhen Fang*)
Infant Congenital Toxin: At birth, instill a small amount of Chinese chive juice; the infant vomits evil fluids and blood, remaining free of diseases thereafter. (*Si Sheng Ben Cao*)
Infant Abdominal Distension: Crush Chinese chive roots, extract juice, fry with lard, take one ge. Take every other day until cured. (*Mi Lu*)
Infant Jaundice: Crush Chinese chive roots, extract juice, drip into nostrils daily until yellow fluid is drawn out and effect is achieved. (Same source)
Measles Not Erupting: Decoct Chinese chive roots, drink the soup. (*Hai Shang Fang*)
Postpartum Vomiting Water (Liver Injury from Anger/Crying): One jin of Chinese chive leaves, extract juice, add a little Ginger juice, mix and drink; cured. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Postpartum Blood Syncope: Cut Chinese chives, place in a bottle, pour hot vinegar over them. Let the vapor enter the nose; patient revives. (*Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
Red and White Leukorrhea: Crush Chinese chive roots, extract juice, mix with urine of a healthy boy, expose overnight. Take warm on an empty stomach until effect is achieved. (*Hai Shang Xian Fang*)
Unstoppable Epistaxis: Crush Chinese chive roots and Scallion roots together to the size of a date. Insert into nostrils, replace frequently. Stops in two or three applications. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Five Types of Tinea: Char Chinese chive roots, crush to powder, mix with lard and apply. Cured after several applications. (*Jing Yan Fang*)
Metal Wound Bleeding: Mix Chinese chive juice with sun-dried Weathered Skammonia (Hua Feng Duan Shi). Apply powder as needed; effective. (*Bin Hu Ji Jian Fang*)
Puncture Wound with Edema and Pain: Apply hot boiled Chinese chives as a compress. (*Qian Jin*)
Lacquer Dermatitis Itching: Pound Chinese chive leaves and apply. (*Dou Men Fang*)
Dog Bite: If symptoms appear within seven days... [Note: Text describes a specific protocol involving fasting and repeated dosing over 49 days, avoiding sour/salty for 100 days, fish/shellfish for 1 year, and dog meat for life]. Immediately clean with cold water in a windless place, then drink one bowl of Chinese chive juice. Another bowl after seven days. Total seven bowls over forty-nine days. Must avoid sour and salty foods for 100 days, fish and shellfish for one year, and dog meat for life to ensure safety. Otherwise, nine out of ten will die. Xu Benzhai said: This method comes from *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*. A mad dog bit three people in one day; only one survived using this method. Personally witnessed effectiveness. (*Jian Bian Fang*)
Hundred Insects Entering Ear: Instill Chinese chive juice; insects exit immediately. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Ear Discharge: Drip Chinese chive juice three times daily. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
Teeth Worms: Wash and crush Chinese chives with roots, mix with mud from household floors, apply to the cheek over the painful area, cover with paper. Remove after one hour; fine worms will be found on the mud, removing the root cause. Another formula: Ten Chinese chive roots, twenty Sichuan peppercorns, a little sesame oil, pound together with mud from a water bucket, apply to the cheek over the diseased tooth. After a while, worms emerge; cured after several applications.
Resolve Meat Spoilage Toxicity: Meat covered tightly overnight is Yu Rou (Stagnant Meat); meat touched by roof leaks is Lou Fu (Leaking Cured Meat); both are toxic. Crush Chinese chives, extract juice, and drink. (Zhang Wen Zhong *Bei Ji Fang*)
Food Poisoning: Drink several sheng of raw Chinese chive juice; good. (*Qian Jin*)
Jiu Zi (Chinese Chive Seed)
[Processing] Tang Shenwei (*Jia You Ben Cao*) said: Select clean seeds for medicinal use, steam until cooked, sun-dry, winnow to remove black skins, stir-fry until yellow for use.
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Yang in nature. Fu Shi Zhong Ru (Fossilized Stalactite), Ru Xiang (Frankincense).
[Indications] Nocturnal seminal emission, cloudy urine (*Bie Lu*). Warms waist and knees, treats "Ghost Intercourse" (nocturnal emissions with hallucinations), very effective (*Ri Hua Ben Cao*). Tonifies Liver and Ming Men (Gate of Life), treats frequent urination and enuresis, female leukorrhea and abnormal vaginal discharge (Li Shizhen).
[Invention and Elucidation] Su Song said: Jiu Zi combined with Long Gu (Dragon Bone) and Sang Piao Xiao (Mantis Egg Case) treats leakage of essence and tonifies the middle. Ge Hong and Sun Simiao used it frequently in various formulas.
Tao Hongjing said: Jiu Zi in Ci Ci Wan (Thorn Pill) treats leakage of essence.
Li Shizhen said: Ci Ci Wan formula is seen in *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, treating various consumptive disorders with diarrhea and frequent urination; herbs are mostly not recorded. Verification: *Mei Shi Fang*: Treats seminal emission. Use five he of Jiu Zi, one liang of Bai Long Gu (White Dragon Bone), powder, taken on an empty stomach with wine. *Qian Jin Fang*: Treats dream emission and frequent urination. Use two liang of Jiu Zi, one liang of Sang Piao Xiao, lightly stir-fried and powdered, taken twice daily with wine. *San Yin Fang*: Treats lower origin deficiency-cold, involuntary urination, or turbid urine, has Jia Jiu Zi Wan (Home-made Chinese Chive Seed Pill). Chinese chives are the vegetable of the Liver, entering the Foot Jueyin Meridian. Kidney governs closure and storage; Liver governs dispersion and excretion. *Su Wen* says: Disease of Foot Jueyin leads to enuresis. Endless thoughts and excessive sexual intercourse lead to Sinew Withering and White Leukorrhea. In men, it flows down with urine; in women, it flows continuously. Jiu Zi's treatment of seminal emission, leakage, frequent urination, and female leukorrhea works by entering Jueyin, tonifying the deficiency of the Lower Jiao Liver and Ming Men. Ming Men is the mansion storing Essence, hence treated together.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old prescriptions, three new prescriptions.
Dream Emission and Cloudy Urine: Chen Zangqi said: Jiu Zi, swallow one to twenty grains raw on an empty stomach daily, with salt water. *Sheng Hui Fang*: Treats deficiency-consumption damaging Kidney, nocturnal emission. Use two liang of Jiu Zi, lightly stir-fried to powder. Take two qian bish with warm wine before meals.
Deficiency Consumption with Seminal Urination: Use two sheng of new Jiu Zi (harvested after frost in October), soak in eight he of good wine overnight. On a sunny day, have a boy pound it ten thousand times facing south. Take one fang cun bi with warm wine at dawn, twice daily. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*)
Dream Emission and Enuresis: Two sheng of Jiu Zi, three sheng of rice, one dou seven sheng of water. Cook porridge, extract six sheng of juice, divide into three doses. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Yu Jing Qiang Zhong (Priapism/Hypersexuality Syndrome): Penile hardness without flaccidity, continuous semen flow, needle-like pain, tenderness on pressure. Disease name Qiang Zhong, a Kidney stagnation-leak disorder. Use one liang each of Jiu Zi and Po Gu Zhi (Cibotium Rhizome), powder. Take three qian per dose, decoct in one bowl of water. Three times daily until stopped. (*Xia Zi Yi Qi Fang*)
Weakness in Waist and Legs: One sheng of Jiu Zi (clean, steamed for two cooking periods, sun-dried, winnowed, stir-fried yellow, pounded to powder). Two da liang of An Xi Xiang (Benzoin), boil in water for two hundred boils, stir-fry slowly until red, mix and pound into pills the size of walnut seeds. If too dry, add honey. Take thirty pills on an empty stomach with wine daily. Suppress with three to five spoons of rice; very good. (*Cui Yuan Liang Hai Shang Fang*)
Female Leukorrhea, Male Kidney Deficiency Cold, Dream Emission. Use seven sheng of Jiu Zi, boil in vinegar for a thousand boils, bake, powder, refine honey into pills size of walnut seeds. Take thirty pills on an empty stomach with warm wine. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Smoke Fumigation for Tooth Worms: Heat a tile red-hot, place several Jiu Zi seeds on it, add a few drops of clear oil. When smoke rises, use a tube to guide smoke to the painful area. After a while, rinse with warm water; emergence of small worms indicates effect. Repeat if not fully cleared. (*Jiu Ji Yi Fang*)