（《别录》下品）
【释名】长股（《别录》）、田鸡（《纲目》）、
宗 曰∶蛙后脚长，故善跃。大其声则曰蛙，小其声则曰蛤。
时珍曰∶蛙好鸣，其声自呼。南人食之，呼为田鸡，云肉味如鸡也。又曰坐鱼，其性好
坐也。按《尔雅》蟾、蛙俱列鱼类，而《东方朔传》云∶长安水多蛙鱼，得以家给人足。则
古昔关中已常食之如鱼，不独南人也。蛙亦作 字。
【集解】
《别录》曰∶蛙生水中，取无时。
弘景曰∶凡蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，其类最多。大而青脊者，俗名土鸭，其鸣甚壮。一种黑色
者，南人名蛤子，食之至美。一种小形善鸣者，名蛙子，即此也。
保升曰∶蛙，蛤蟆之属，居陆地，青脊善鸣，声作蛙者，是也。
颂曰∶今处处有之。似蛤蟆而背青绿色，尖嘴细腹，俗谓之青蛙。亦有背作黄路者，谓
之金线蛙。陶氏所谓土鸭，即《尔雅》所谓“在水曰黾”者，是也，俗名石鸭。所谓蛤子，
即今水鸡是也，闽、蜀、浙东人以为佳馔。
时珍曰∶田鸡、水鸡、土鸭，形称虽异，功用则一也。四月食之最美，五月渐老，可采
入药。《考工记》云∶以 鸣者，蛙黾之属。农人占其声之早晚大小，以卜丰
孝标诗云∶田家无五行，水旱卜蛙声。蛙亦能化为 ，见《列子》。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
宗 曰∶平。
时珍曰∶按∶《延寿书》云∶蛙骨热，食之小便苦淋。妊娠食蛙，令子寿夭。小蛙食多
，令人尿闭。脐下酸痛，有至死者。擂车前水饮可解。
吴瑞曰∶正月出者名黄蛤，不可食。
【主治】小儿赤气，肌疮脐伤，止痛，气不足（《别录》）。
小儿热疮，杀尸疰病虫，去劳劣，解热毒（《日华》）。食之解劳
烧灰，涂月蚀疮（时珍）。
【发明】
颂曰∶南人食蛙蛤，云补虚损，尤宜产妇。
时珍曰∶蛙产于水，与螺、蚌同性，故能解热毒，利水气。但系湿化之物，其骨性复热
，而今人食者，每同辛辣及脂油煎炸，是抱薪救火矣，安能求其益哉？按∶戴原礼《证治要
诀》
嘉谟曰∶时行面赤项肿，名蛤蟆瘟。以金线蛙捣汁，水调，空腹顿饮，极效，曾活数人
【附方】新六。
蛤馔∶治水肿。用活蛙三个，每个口内安铜钱一个，上着胡黄连末少许。以雄猪肚一个，
茶油洗净，包蛙扎定，煮一宿，取出，去皮、肠，食肉并猪肚，以酒送下。忌酸、咸、鱼、
面、鸡、鹅、羊肉，宜食猪、鸭。（《寿域神方》）
水蛊腹大∶动摇有水声，皮肤黑色。用干青蛙二枚（以酥炒），干蝼蛄七枚（炒），苦壶
芦
半两（炒）。上为末。每空心温酒服二钱，不过三服。（《圣惠
毒痢噤口∶水蛙一个，并肠肚捣碎，瓦烘热，入麝香五分，作饼，贴脐上，气通即能进
食也。
诸痔疼痛∶青蛙丸∶用青色蛙长脚者一个，烧存性，为末，雪糕和，丸如梧子大。每空
心先吃饭二匙，次以枳壳汤下十五丸。（《直指方》）。
虫蚀肛门，虫蚀肾腑，肛尽肠穿∶用青蛙一枚，鸡骨一分，烧灰吹入，数用大效。（《外
台》）
癌疮如眼∶上高下深，颗颗累垂，裂如瞽眼，其中带青，头上各露一舌，毒孔透里者，
是也。用生井蛙皮，烧存性为末掺，或蜜水调敷之。（《
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】长股（出自《名医别录》）、田鸡（出自《本草纲目》）。
陶宗元说：青蛙后腿长，所以善于跳跃。叫声大时称为“蛙”，叫声小时称为“蛤”。
李时珍说：青蛙喜欢鸣叫，其声音像是自呼其名。南方人食用它，称之为“田鸡”，说是因为它的肉味像鸡肉一样。又叫做“坐鱼”，因为它习性喜欢静坐。查考《尔雅》，蟾蜍和青蛙都列在鱼类中，而《东方朔传》中说：“长安水多蛙鱼，足以使家家富裕、人人温饱。”那么古时候关中地区就已经像吃鱼一样常食青蛙了，并不只是南方人才吃。蛙字也写作“𧈢”字。
【集解】
《名医别录》说：青蛙生长在水中，随时可以捕捉。
陶弘景说：凡是蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，种类最多。其中背部青色脊背的大个头者，俗名叫“土鸭”，鸣叫声非常洪亮。另一种黑色的，南方人叫它“蛤子”，吃起来极美味。还有一种体型小且善于鸣叫的，名叫“蛙子”，就是这种青蛙。
苏保升说：蛙属于蛤蟆一类，居住在陆地，背部青色善于鸣叫，声音发出“蛙”声的，就是它。
苏颂说：现在到处都有。形状像蛤蟆但背部呈青绿色，尖嘴细腹，俗称为“青蛙”。也有背部有黄色条纹的，称为“金线蛙”。陶弘景所说的“土鸭”，就是《尔雅》中所说的“在水曰黾”的那种，俗名“石鸭”。所谓的“蛤子”，就是现在的水鸡，福建、四川、浙东人把它当作美味佳肴。
李时珍说：田鸡、水鸡、土鸭，虽然名称形态各异，但功效是一样的。四月食用最美，五月逐渐变老，可以采集入药。《考工记》说：“发出‘𧈢’鸣声的，是蛙和黾这一类。农人根据它们鸣叫的早晚和大小，来占卜丰收与歉收。”高孝标的诗说：“农家没有五行占卜，用水旱之年青蛙的叫声来占卜。”青蛙也能化为“𧈢”，见载于《列子》。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
陶宗元说：性平。
李时珍说：按：《延寿书》说：蛙骨性热，吃了会导致小便涩痛难忍。孕妇食用青蛙，会使胎儿寿命短促或夭折。幼蛙吃多了，会让人尿闭。脐下酸痛，严重的甚至会导致死亡。用车前草捣汁加水饮用可以解毒。
吴瑞说：正月出产的称为“黄蛤”，不可食用。
【主治】小儿赤游丹毒，肌肤疮疡及脐部损伤，止痛，气虚不足（出自《名医别录》）。
小儿热疮，杀灭尸疰病虫，去除劳损虚弱，解除热毒（出自《日华子本草》）。食用它可以缓解疲劳。
烧成灰，涂抹于月蚀疮上（李时珍）。
【发明】
苏颂说：南方人食用蛙和蛤，说能补益虚损，尤其适合产妇食用。
李时珍说：青蛙产于水中，与螺、蚌同性，所以能解除热毒，利水气。但它属于湿化之物，其骨骼性质又偏热，而现在人们食用时，往往同辛辣及油脂煎炸，这简直是抱薪救火，怎么能求得益处呢？按：戴原礼《证治要诀》……
嘉谟说：时行面赤项肿，名为蛤蟆瘟。用金线蛙捣汁，用水调匀，空腹顿服，效果极佳，曾救活数人。
【附方】新编六则。
蛤馔：治疗水肿。用活蛙三个，每个蛙口内放一枚铜钱，上面撒少许胡黄连末。用一个雄猪肚，用茶油洗净，包裹住青蛙并扎紧，煮一整夜，取出后，去掉皮和肠，吃肉和猪肚，用酒送服。忌食酸、咸、鱼、面、鸡、鹅、羊肉，宜食猪肉、鸭肉。（出自《寿域神方》）
水蛊腹大：腹部肿大如鼓，摇动时有水声，皮肤发黑。用干青蛙二枚（用酥油炒），干蝼蛄七枚（炒），苦葫芦半两（炒）。以上研为细末。每次空腹用温酒送服二钱，不超过三服即可见效。（出自《圣惠方》）
毒痢噤口：用水蛙一只，连同肠肚一起捣碎，在瓦片上烘热，加入麝香五分，做成饼状，贴在脐上，气机通畅后就能进食了。
诸痔疼痛：青蛙丸：用一只青色长腿蛙，烧至存性，研为细末，用雪糕调和，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次空腹先吃两匙饭，然后用枳壳汤送服十五丸。（出自《直指方》）
虫蚀肛门，虫蚀肾腑，肛门腐烂肠穿：用青蛙一枚，鸡骨一分，烧成灰吹入患处，多次使用效果显著。（出自《外台秘要》）
癌疮如眼：疮口上高下深，颗粒累累下垂，裂开如同盲眼，中间带青色，头上各露出一条舌头，毒孔深入内部的，就是这种疮。用生井蛙皮，烧至存性研为细末撒敷，或者用蜜水调匀后外敷。（出自……
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Bencao Bie Lu*)
**[Names]** Changgu (Long Legs, from *Bencao Bie Lu*), Tianji (Field Chicken, from *Bencao Gangmu*).
Tao Zongyuan stated: Frogs have long hind legs, thus they are good at leaping. When their call is loud, it is called "Wa" (frog); when soft, it is called "Ge" (toad/frog).
Li Shizhen stated: Frogs love to croak, and their sound seems to call their own name. People in the South eat them and call them "Tianji" (Field Chicken), claiming that the meat tastes like chicken. They are also called "Zuo Yu" (Sitting Fish) because of their habit of sitting still. According to *Erya*, both toads and frogs were classified under fish. The *Biography of Dongfang Shuo* states: "Chang'an has many frogs and fish in its waters, sufficient to make families wealthy and people well-fed." Thus, in ancient times, the Guanzhong region already commonly ate frogs as one would fish, not just people in the South. The character for frog is also written as "𧈢".
**[Collection and Explanation]**
*Baben Bie Lu* states: Frogs live in water and can be caught at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: Among bees, ants, frogs, and cicadas, there are the most species. The large ones with green backs are commonly known as "Tu Ya" (Earth Duck), and their calls are very robust. A black variety is called "Gezi" by people in the South and is extremely delicious to eat. Another small variety that croaks well is named "Wazi," which refers to this frog.
Su Baosheng stated: Frogs belong to the toad family, inhabit land, have green backs, croak well, and produce a "wa" sound; this is it.
Su Song stated: They are found everywhere today. They resemble toads but have greenish-blue backs, pointed mouths, and slender bellies, commonly called "Qing Wa" (Green Frog). Some have yellow stripes on their backs, called "Jin Xian Wa" (Golden Line Frog). The "Tu Ya" mentioned by Tao refers to what *Erya* calls "Min in Water," commonly known as "Shi Ya" (Stone Duck). The so-called "Gezi" is the current "Shui Ji" (Water Chicken), considered a delicacy by people in Fujian, Sichuan, and eastern Zhejiang.
Li Shizhen stated: Although Tianji, Shui Ji, and Tu Ya differ in names and appearances, their medicinal functions are identical. They are most delicious in April and become tougher in May, at which point they can be collected for medicine. *Kaogong Ji* states: "Those that make the '𧈢' sound belong to the frog and min category. Farmers predict harvest or famine based on the timing and pitch of their calls." Gao Xiaobiao's poem says: "Farmers have no Five Elements divination; they use frog calls to predict droughts and floods." Frogs can also transform into "𧈢," as seen in *Liezi*.
**[Flavor and Properties]**
Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
Tao Zongyuan stated: Neutral.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Yanshou Shu*: Frog bones are hot; eating them causes painful dysuria. If pregnant women eat frogs, it may cause the child to have a short life or die prematurely. Eating too many young frogs can cause urinary retention. It can cause soreness and pain below the umbilicus, potentially leading to death. Drinking water mixed with juice from *Plantago asiatica* (Cheqian Cao) can resolve this toxicity.
W Rui stated: Those produced in the first month are called "Huang Ge" (Yellow Toad/Frog) and should not be eaten.
**[Main Indications]**
Red skin disease in children, skin ulcers, and umbilical injuries; relieves pain; treats qi deficiency (*Bencao Bie Lu*).
Hot sores in children; kills corpse-wandering parasites; alleviates fatigue and weakness; resolves heat toxins (*Rihua Bencao*). Eating it relieves labor fatigue.
Burned to ash and applied to lunar eclipse sores (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]**
Su Song stated: People in the South eat frogs and toads, claiming they tonify deficiencies, especially suitable for postpartum women.
Li Shizhen stated: Frogs originate from water and share the nature of snails and clams; thus, they can resolve heat toxins and promote diuresis. However, they are creatures transformed by dampness, and their bones possess hot properties. Nowadays, people often fry them with spicy ingredients and animal fats, which is like adding firewood to a fire—how can one expect benefits? According to Dai Yuanli's *Zhengzhi Yaojue*...
Jiamo stated: Epidemic facial redness and neck swelling is called "Hammer Plague" (Toad Plague). Crushing Jin Xian Wa (Golden Line Frog) to extract juice, mixing with water, and drinking it on an empty stomach is extremely effective; it has saved several lives.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Six new prescriptions.
**Ha Zhuan**: Treats edema. Take three live frogs, place one copper coin in each mouth, and sprinkle a little *Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora* (Huhuanglian) powder on top. Clean one male pig stomach with tea oil, wrap the frogs inside, tie it securely, and boil overnight. Remove, discard skin and intestines, eat the meat and pig stomach, and wash down with wine. Avoid sour, salty, fish, noodles, chicken, goose, and mutton; pork and duck are suitable. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
**Shui Gu Abdominal Distension**: Abdomen enlarged like a drum, water sloshing sound upon movement, darkened skin. Use two dried frogs (stir-fried with butter), seven dried mole crickets (stir-fried), and half tael of bitter gourd/luffa fruit (stir-fried). Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine on an empty stomach; no more than three doses needed. (*Shenghui Fang*)
**Toxic Dysentery with Inability to Eat**: One water frog, including intestines and viscera, crushed and heated on a tile. Add 5 fen of *Moschus* (Shexiang), form into a cake, and apply to the navel. Once qi circulation resumes, food intake becomes possible.
**Pain from Various Hemorrhoids**: Qingwa Wan (Green Frog Pill): Use one green long-legged frog, burn until carbonized (preserving nature), grind into powder, mix with snow cream (or similar binder), and form pills the size of white mustard seeds. On an empty stomach, eat two spoons of rice first, then take 15 pills with *Magnolia officinalis* and *Citrus aurantium* decoction (Zhiqiao Tang). (*Zhizhi Fang*)
**Parasites Eroding Anus, Kidneys, and Intestines**: Use one frog and one part chicken bone, burn to ash, and insufflate into the affected area. Repeated use yields great results. (*Waitai Mi Yao*)
**Ai Chuang Like Eyes**: Sores that are high above and deep below, nodular and hanging, cracked like blind eyes, greenish inside, with tongues protruding from the tips, and toxic pores penetrating inward. Use fresh well frog skin, burn to carbonize, grind into powder for application, or mix with honey water for external dressing. (*Source truncated*)