（《别录》下品）
【释名】反鼻蛇。
时珍曰∶按∶王介甫《字说》云∶蝮，触之则复。其害人也，人亦复之，故谓之蝮。
【集解】弘景曰∶蝮蛇，黄黑色如土，白斑，黄颔尖口，毒最烈。虺，形短而扁，毒与
同。蛇类甚众，惟此二种及青 为猛，不即疗多死。
恭曰∶蝮蛇作地色，鼻反、口长、身短，头尾相似，山南汉、沔间多有之。一名 蛇，
无二种也。
颂曰∶蝮蛇形不长，头扁口尖，头斑，身赤纹斑，亦有青黑色者。人犯之，头足贴着。
东间诸山甚多，草行不可不慎。
藏器曰∶蝮蛇锦纹，亦有与地同色者。众蛇之中，此独胎产。着足断足，着手断手，不
尔称身糜烂。七、八月毒盛时，啮树以泄其毒，树便死。又吐涎沫于草木上，着人成疮身肿，
名
时珍曰∶蝮与虺陶氏言是二种，苏恭言是一种。今按∶《尔雅》云∶蝮虺身博三寸，
首大如擘，是以蝮虺为一种也。郭璞云∶蝮蛇惟南方有之，一名反鼻。细颈，大头，焦尾，
鼻上有针，锦纹如绶，纹间有毛如猪鬣，大者长七八尺。虺则所在有之，俗
色。颜师古云∶以俗名证之，郭说为是。又《北史》∶高道穆谓（尔朱）荣云∶
令
（元）颢重完守具，乃养虺成蛇。是皆以蝮、虺为二种矣。盖蝮长大，虺短小
陶说为是。柳子浓《宥蝮蛇文》云∶目兼蜂虿，色混泥涂。其颈蹙恧，其腹次且。褰鼻
，穴出榛居。蓄怒而蟠，衔毒而趋。亦颇尽其状也。《抱朴子》曰∶蛇类最多，惟蝮中人甚
急。但即时以刀割去疮肉投于地，其肉沸如火炙，须臾焦尽，人乃得活。王充《论衡》云∶
蝮蛇
胆
【气味】苦，微寒，有毒。
【主治】 疮（《别录》）。杀下部虫（甄权）。疗诸漏，研敷之。若作痛，杵杏仁摩之
（时珍。出《外台》）。
肉
【气味】甘，温，有毒。
【主治】酿作酒，疗癞疾诸 ，心腹痛，下结气，除蛊毒（《别录》）。五痔，肠风泻血
（甄权）。
活
蛇一枚着器中，投以醇酒一斗，封定，埋马溺处。周年取开，蛇已消化，酒味犹存。有患诸
证者，不过服一升以来，当觉举身习习而愈。然有小毒，不可顿服。若服他药，不复得力。
又曰∶生癞者，取一枚（或他蛇亦可），烧热坐上，当有赤虫如马尾出。仍取蛇肉塞鼻中）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶癞疾感天地肃杀之气而成，恶疾也。蝮蛇禀天地阴阳毒烈之气而生，恶物也。
以毒物而攻毒病，盖从其类也。
【附方】旧一。
白癞∶大蝮蛇一条，勿令伤，以酒一斗渍之，糠火温令稍热。取蛇一寸，和腊月猪脂捣
敷。（《肘后方》）
脂
藏器曰∶摩着物皆透也。
【主治】绵裹，塞耳聋。亦敷肿毒（时珍）。
皮
【主治】烧灰，疗疔肿、恶疮、骨疽（苏恭）。
蜕
【主治】身痒、疥癣、 疮（苏恭）。
骨
【主治】赤痢。烧灰，饮服三钱。杂蛇亦可（藏器）。
屎（器中养取之）
【主治】痔 （苏恭）。
【主治】鼠 （《别录》。
《千金》云∶烧末，酒服方寸匕，日二，不过三日大验。）
【附录】千岁蝮。颂曰∶东间一种千岁蝮，状如蝮而短，有四脚，能跳来啮人。人或中
之，必死。其啮已，即跳上木作声。云“斫木、斫木”者，不可救也。若云“博叔、博叔”
者，
犹可急治之。用细辛、雄黄等分为末，纳疮中，日三、四易之。又以栝蒌根、桂末着管中，
密塞勿令走气，佩之。中毒急敷之，缓即不救。
时珍曰∶按∶《字林》云∶ 听，形如蜥蜴，出魏兴。居树上，见人则跳来啮之。啮已
还树，垂头听，闻哭声乃去。即此也。其状头尾一般，大如捣衣杵，俗名合木蛇，长一、二
尺。谈野翁方，名斫木蛇，又名望板归。救之，用嫩黄荆叶
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】反鼻蛇。
李时珍说：据王安石《字说》记载：“蝮”，触碰它它就会反击。它伤害人，人也会反击它，所以称为“蝮”。
【集解】陶弘景说：蝮蛇，颜色黄黑如泥土，有白斑，下颌黄色，口尖，毒性最猛烈。虺，形状短而扁，毒性相同。蛇类很多，只有这二种及青蛇最为凶猛，如果不立即治疗，大多会死亡。
苏恭说：蝮蛇呈土色，鼻子反翘、嘴长、身体短，头尾相似，山南汉水、沔水之间有很多。一名[缺字]蛇，并不是两种蛇。
苏颂说：蝮蛇身形不长，头扁口尖，头部有斑纹，身体赤色带斑纹，也有青黑色的。人被它咬伤，伤口处头足紧贴（指肿胀僵硬）。江东各地山中非常多，草行不可不谨慎。
陈藏器说：蝮蛇身上有锦缎般的纹路，也有与地面同色的。在众蛇之中，唯独它是胎生。脚被咬则断脚，手被咬则断手，否则全身腐烂糜烂。七月、八月毒性旺盛时，它会咬树以排泄毒素，树就会死掉。它又吐涎沫在草木上，沾到人身上会长疮身肿，名叫[缺字]。
李时珍说：关于蝮和虺，陶弘景说是两种蛇，苏恭说是一种。现在考证：《尔雅》说：“蝮虺身宽三寸，头大如拇指”，因此认为蝮和虺是一种。郭璞说：“蝮蛇只有南方有，一名反鼻。颈细，头大，尾巴焦枯，鼻上有针状物，锦纹如绶带，纹间有毛像猪鬃，大的长七八尺。”虺则是到处都有，俗名[缺字]色。颜师古说：用俗名来验证，郭璞的说法是正确的。另外《北史》中：高道穆对（元）荣说：“[缺字]令[缺字]”，（元）颢重新完善守备器具，于是养虺成蛇。这些都是把蝮、虺当作两种蛇的。大概蝮长大，虺短小，陶弘景的说法是正确的。柳宗元《宥蝮蛇文》说：“眼睛兼有蜂蝎之毒，颜色混杂泥涂。它的脖子局促羞愧，它的腹部行动迟缓。掀起鼻子[缺字]，从洞穴出来居住在榛木丛中。积蓄愤怒盘踞，含着毒液奔跑。”也大致描述了它的形态。《抱朴子》说：“蛇类最多，只有蝮蛇中人非常急迫。只要立即用刀割去疮肉投在地上，那肉沸腾如火烧，一会儿就烧焦了，人才能得救。”王充《论衡》说：“蝮蛇[缺字]胆[缺字]”
【气味】苦，微寒，有毒。
【主治】恶疮（《名医别录》）。杀灭下部寄生虫（甄权）。治疗各种瘘管，研碎外敷。如果感到疼痛，捣碎杏仁涂抹（李时珍引自《外台秘要》）。
【蝮蛇肉】
【气味】甘，温，有毒。
【主治】酿制成酒，治疗麻风病等各种恶疾，心腹痛，下行结聚之气，去除蛊毒（《名医别录》）。治疗五种痔疮，肠风便血（甄权）。
【活蛇制法】取一条活蛇放入容器中，倒入一斗好酒，密封固定，埋在马尿坑处。一年后取出打开，蛇已消化，酒味犹存。患有各种病症的人，服用不超过一升，应当感觉全身舒适而痊愈。然而有小毒，不可一次性服用。如果服用其他药物，不再有效。又说：患有麻风病的人，取一条蛇（或其他蛇也可以），烧热后坐在上面，应当有红色虫子像马尾一样出来。仍取蛇肉塞入鼻孔中。
【发明】
李时珍说：麻风病是感受天地肃杀之气而成，是恶疾。蝮蛇禀受天地阴阳毒烈之气而生，是恶物。用恶物来攻治恶病，这是顺从其同类性质。
【附方】旧方一个。
白癞：大蝮蛇一条，不要让它受伤，用一斗酒浸泡，用糠火加热使其稍热。取一寸蛇肉，配合腊月猪脂捣碎外敷。（《肘后备急方》）
【蝮蛇脂】
陈藏器说：摩擦什么东西都能穿透。
【主治】用绵裹住，塞入耳聋耳道。也可敷于肿毒（李时珍）。
【蝮蛇皮】
【主治】烧成灰，治疗疔疮肿毒、恶疮、骨疽（苏恭）。
【蝮蛇蜕】
【主治】身体瘙痒、疥癣、[缺字]疮（苏恭）。
【蝮蛇骨】
【主治】赤痢。烧成灰，用水送服三钱。混合其他蛇骨也可以（陈藏器）。
【蝮蛇屎】（在容器中饲养收集）
【主治】痔漏（苏恭）。
【主治】鼠瘘（《名医别录》。《千金方》说：烧成末，酒服一方寸匕，每日两次，不超过三天大有验效。）
【附录】千岁蝮。苏颂说：江东有一种千岁蝮，形状像蝮蛇但较短，有四只脚，能跳起来咬人。人如果被它咬到，必死无疑。它咬完后，就跳到树上发出声音。如果说“斫木、斫木”的，就无法救治了。如果说“博叔、博叔”的，还可以紧急治疗。用细辛、雄黄等分为末，纳入疮口中，每天更换三四次。又用栝蒌根、桂末放在管中，严密塞住不让气跑掉，佩戴在身上。中毒时紧急敷药，晚了就救不了了。
李时珍说：据《字林》记载：“[缺字]听”，形状像蜥蜴，出自魏兴。居住在树上，见人则跳下来咬人。咬完后回到树上，垂头倾听，听到哭声才离开。就是这种蛇。它的形状头尾一般大，大如捣衣杵，俗名合木蛇，长一、二尺。谈野翁方，名叫斫木蛇，又名望板归。救治方法，用嫩黄荆叶……
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
**Names:** Fanbi She (Reverse-nose Snake).
Li Shizhen states: According to Wang Anshi's *Zi Shuo* (Explanation of Characters), "Fu" implies that upon touching it, it retaliates. Since it harms humans and humans also retaliate against it, it is called "Fu".
**Collected Explanations:**
Tao Hongjing says: The Fu snake is yellow-black like soil, with white spots, a yellow chin, and a pointed mouth; its venom is the most potent. The Hui snake is short and flat in shape, with similar toxicity. Among the many types of snakes, only these two species and the Qing snake are fierce; if not treated immediately, death often ensues.
Su Gong says: The Fu snake takes on the color of the earth, has a reverse nose, a long mouth, and a short body; its head and tail resemble each other. It is abundant in the regions south of the mountains between the Han and Mian rivers. It is also known as [missing character] She, implying there is no distinction into two species.
Su Song says: The Fu snake is not long, with a flat head and pointed mouth, spotted head, and red body with patterns; some are blue-black. When bitten by it, the affected limbs become stiff and attached. They are very common in the mountains of Jiangdong; one must be cautious when walking through grass.
Chen Zangqi says: The Fu snake has brocade-like patterns on its skin, though some blend with the ground color. Among all snakes, it alone gives birth to live young. If the foot is bitten, the foot is severed; if the hand is bitten, the hand is severed; otherwise, the whole body rots and disintegrates. During July and August when the venom is strongest, it bites trees to excrete its poison, causing the trees to die. It also spits saliva onto plants; if this contacts human skin, it causes sores and swelling, known as [missing character].
Li Shizhen states: Regarding the Fu and Hui, Tao Hongjing considered them two species, while Su Gong considered them one. Upon examination: *Er Ya* states, "The Fu Hui is three inches wide, with a head as large as a thumb," thus treating Fu and Hui as one species. Guo Pu said: "The Fu snake exists only in the South, also named Fanbi. It has a slender neck, large head, scorched tail, a needle-like projection on the nose, brocade patterns like a ribbon, and bristles like pig hair among the patterns. Large ones are seven or eight chi long." The Hui is found everywhere, commonly named [missing character] colored. Yan Shigu stated: Verifying with common names, Guo's description is correct. Furthermore, in *Bei Shi*, Gao Daomu told Yuan Rong: "[Missing character] Ling [Missing character]", and Yuan Hao re-equipped his defenses, thereby nurturing the Hui into a snake. These instances treat Fu and Hui as two species. Generally, the Fu is larger, while the Hui is smaller, supporting Tao's view. Liu Zongyuan's *You Fushu Wen* (Essay on Pardoning the Viper) describes: "Eyes combining the sting of bees and scorpions, color mixed with mud. Its neck is constrained and ashamed, its belly moves haltingly. Lifting its nose [missing character], emerging from caves to dwell in hazel thickets. Accumulating anger while coiling, advancing while holding poison." This roughly captures its appearance. *Baopuzi* states: "Among snakes, few bite as urgently as the Fu. If one immediately cuts away the flesh of the wound and throws it on the ground, the flesh boils like fire-roasted meat and burns to ash in an instant, allowing the person to survive." Wang Chong's *Lunheng* states: "The Fu snake [missing character] gallbladder [missing character]"
**Flavor and Properties:** Bitter, slightly cold, toxic.
**Indications:** Treats malignant sores (*Bie Lu*). Kills lower-body parasites (Zhen Quan). Treats various fistulas by grinding and applying externally. If pain occurs, rub with crushed apricot kernels (Li Shizhen, citing *Waitai Miyao*).
**Meat of the Fu Snake**
**Flavor and Properties:** Sweet, warm, toxic.
**Indications:** Brewed into wine to treat leprosy and other severe diseases, epigastric/abdominal pain, resolves stagnant Qi, and eliminates gu poison (*Bie Lu*). Treats five types of hemorrhoids and intestinal wind with bloody stool (Zhen Quan).
**Preparation of Live Snake:** Place one live snake in a vessel, add one dou of strong wine, seal tightly, and bury in a horse urine pit. After one year, open it; the snake will have digested, leaving the wine flavor intact. Those suffering from various conditions should take no more than one sheng; they will feel a tingling sensation throughout the body and recover. However, it has slight toxicity and should not be taken all at once. If other medicines are taken subsequently, they will lose efficacy. It is also said: For those with leprosy, take one snake (or another snake may suffice), heat it thoroughly, and sit on it. Red worms resembling horse tails should emerge. Insert the snake meat into the nostrils.
**Elucidation:**
Li Shizhen states: Leprosy arises from the influence of the heaven and earth's austere and killing qi; it is a malignant disease. The Fu snake is born from the heaven and earth's yin-yang toxic and fierce qi; it is a malevolent creature. Using a malevolent creature to attack a malignant disease follows the principle of similarity.
**Attached Prescriptions:** One old prescription.
**White Leprosy:** Take one large Fu snake, ensure it is unharmed, and soak it in one dou of wine. Warm it over chaff fire until slightly hot. Take one cun of snake meat, mix with lard rendered in the twelfth lunar month, grind together, and apply externally (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
**Fat of the Fu Snake**
Chen Zangqi says: When rubbed, it penetrates everything.
**Indications:** Wrap in cotton and insert into the ear for deafness. Also applicable for external application on swellings and toxins (Li Shizhen).
**Skin of the Fu Snake**
**Indications:** Burn to ash to treat ding sores, malignant ulcers, and bone abscesses (Su Gong).
**Shed Skin of the Fu Snake**
**Indications:** Treats body itching, scabies, tinea, and [missing character] sores (Su Gong).
**Bone of the Fu Snake**
**Indications:** Treats bloody dysentery. Burn to ash, take three qian with water. Mixed snake bones are also acceptable (Chen Zangqi).
**Excrement of the Fu Snake** (Collected from captive breeding)
**Indications:** Treats hemorrhoidal fissures (Su Gong).
**Indications:** Treats scrofula (*Bie Lu*. *Qianjin Fang* states: Burn to powder, take one fangcun bi with wine, twice daily. Significant effect within three days.)
**Appendix: Qiansui Fu**
Su Song says: In Jiangdong, there is a type called Qiansui Fu. It resembles the Fu snake but is shorter, has four legs, and can jump to bite humans. If bitten, death is certain. After biting, it jumps onto a tree and makes sounds. If it cries "Zhuo Mu, Zhuo Mu" (Chop wood, chop wood), it is incurable. If it cries "Bo Shu, Bo Shu", urgent treatment is still possible. Grind equal parts of Xixin (Asari Radix) and Xionghuang (Realgar) into powder, apply into the wound, changing 3-4 times daily. Also, place Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) and Guimo (Cinnamon Bark) in a tube, seal tightly to prevent gas escape, and wear it. Apply urgently upon poisoning; delay leads to death.
Li Shizhen states: According to *Zilin*: "[Missing character] Ting" resembles a lizard and originates from Weixing. It lives in trees and jumps down to bite people when seen. After biting, it returns to the tree, hangs its head listening, and leaves only upon hearing crying sounds. This is that creature. Its head and tail are uniform in size, as large as a laundry pestle, commonly known as Hemu She (Wood-joint Snake), measuring one or two chi. Tan Yeweng's formula calls it Zhuomu She (Chop-wood Snake) or Wangbang Gui. To treat envenomation, use tender Huangjingye (Vitex Negundo leaves)...