李时珍曰∶太古民无粒食，茹毛饮血。神农氏出，始尝草别谷，以教民耕 ；又尝草别
药，以救民疾夭。轩辕氏出，教以烹饪，制为方剂，而后民始得遂养生之道。周官有五谷、
六谷、九谷之名，诗人有八谷、百谷之咏，谷之类可谓繁矣。《素问》云∶五谷为养。麻、
麦、稷、黍、豆，以配肝、心、脾、肺、肾。职方氏辨九州之谷，地官辨土宜KT 之
种，以教稼穑树 ，皆所以重民天也。五方之气，九州之产，百谷各异其性，岂可终日食之
而不知其气味损益乎？于是集草实之可粒食者为谷部，凡七十三种，分为四类∶曰麻麦稻，
曰稷粟，曰菽豆，曰造酿。旧本米谷部三品共五十九种。今并入九种，移一种入菜部，自草
部移入一种。
《神农本草经》七种（梁陶弘景注） 《名医别录》一十九种（陶弘景注） 《唐本草》
三
本草》一种（唐李 ） 《食疗本草》三种（唐孟诜） 《开宝本草》二种（宋马志） 《嘉
本草》三种（宋掌禹锡） 《图经本草》二种（宋苏颂） 《日用本草》一种（元吴瑞） 《本
草补遗》一种（元朱震亨） 《救荒本草》一种（周定王） 《食鉴本草》一种（明宁原） 《食
物本草》三种（明汪颖） 《本草纲目》一十五种（明李时珍）
【附注】魏李当之《药录》 《吴普本草》 宋雷 《炮炙》 齐徐之才《药对》 唐
杨损之《删繁》 萧炳《四声》 孙思邈《千金》 南唐陈士良《食性》 蜀韩保升《重注
》宋寇宗 《衍义》 金张元素《珍珠囊》 元李杲《法象》 王好古《汤液》 明王纶
《集要》 汪机《会编》 陈嘉谟《蒙筌》
李时珍说：远古时代的百姓没有谷物可吃，只能生吃禽兽的肉、喝它们的血。神农氏出现后，开始品尝百草以辨别谷物，教导百姓耕种；又品尝百草以辨别药物，用来救治百姓的疾病和夭折。轩辕氏（黄帝）出现后，教导百姓烹饪食物，制定方剂，从此百姓才开始懂得养生的道理。《周礼》中有五谷、六谷、九谷的名称，《诗经》中有八谷、百谷的歌咏，谷物的种类可以说非常繁多。《素问》说：五谷是滋养人体的根本。麻、麦、稷、黍、豆，分别对应肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏。职方氏辨别九州地区的谷物，地官辨别土地适宜种植的种类，以此来教导播种和收割，这都是为了重视民生的根本。东西南北中五方的气候，九州各地的物产，各种谷物的性质各不相同，难道可以整天食用却不知道它们的气味对身体的补益或损害吗？于是收集果实可作粮食食用的植物作为“谷部”，共七十三种，分为四类：分别是麻麦稻类、稷粟类、菽豆类、酿造类。旧版本草中的米谷部有三品共五十九种。现在并入九种，将一种移至菜部，从草部移入一种。
《神农本草经》收录七种（梁代陶弘景注） 《名医别录》收录一十九种（陶弘景注） 《唐本草》收录三种 《新修本草》收录一种（唐代李𪟝） 《食疗本草》收录三种（唐代孟诜） 《开宝本草》收录二种（宋代马志） 《嘉祐本草》收录三种（宋代掌禹锡） 《图经本草》收录二种（宋代苏颂） 《日用本草》收录一种（元代吴瑞） 《本草补遗》收录一种（元代朱震亨） 《救荒本草》收录一种（明代周定王） 《食鉴本草》收录一种（明代宁原） 《食物本草》收录三种（明代汪颖） 《本草纲目》新增十五种（明代李时珍）。
【附注】魏国李当之的《药录》、吴普的《本草》、宋代雷敩的《炮炙》、南齐徐之才的《药对》、唐代杨损之的《删繁》、萧炳的《四声本草》、孙思邈的《千金方》、南唐陈士良的《食性本草》、蜀汉韩保升的《重注本草》、宋代寇宗奭的《衍义》、金代张元素的《珍珠囊》、元代李杲的《医学发明》（法象）、王好古的《汤液本草》、明代王纶的《集要方》、汪机的《会编》、陈嘉谟的《本草蒙筌》。
Li Shizhen stated: In ancient times, people had no grain food and consumed raw meat and blood. When Shennong (Divine Farmer) emerged, he began tasting herbs to distinguish grains, teaching people agriculture; he also tasted herbs to identify medicines, using them to save people from diseases and premature death. When Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) emerged, he taught people cooking and formulated prescriptions, after which people could begin to follow the way of health preservation. The *Rites of Zhou* mentions names such as five grains, six grains, and nine grains; poets have sung of eight grains and a hundred grains. The categories of grains can be said to be numerous. The *Suwen* states: "The five grains serve as nourishment." Hemp, wheat, millet, glutinous millet, and beans correspond to the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, respectively. The Official in Charge of Works distinguishes the grains of the Nine Provinces, and the Official of Land distinguishes soil suitability for planting, thereby teaching sowing and harvesting; all these measures are intended to emphasize the importance of food for the people. The qi of the five directions and the products of the nine provinces vary in nature among the hundred grains. How can one consume them daily without knowing their flavors and their beneficial or harmful effects on the body? Therefore, I collected plant fruits that can be eaten as grain for the section on Grains, totaling seventy-three species, divided into four categories: Hemp, Wheat, and Rice; Panicum and Foxtail Millet; Legumes and Beans; and Brewing ingredients. The old editions contained three grades totaling fifty-nine species in the Rice and Grain section. Now, nine species are added, one is moved to the Vegetable section, and one is transferred from the Herb section.
Seven species from *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Annotated by Tao Hongjing of Liang); Nineteen species from *Mingyi Bielu* (Annotated by Tao Hongjing); Three species from *Tang Bencao*; One species from *Xinxiu Bencao* (by Li Ji of Tang); Three species from *Shiliao Bencao* (by Meng Shen of Tang); Two species from *Kaibao Bencao* (by Ma Zhi of Song); Three species from *Jiayou Bencao* (by Zhang Yuxi of Song); Two species from *Tujing Bencao* (by Su Song of Song); One species from *Riyong Bencao* (by Wu Rui of Yuan); One species from *Bencao Yiwei* (by Zhu Zhenheng of Yuan); One species from *Jiu Huang Bencao* (by Prince Ding of Zhou of Ming); One species from *Shijian Bencao* (by Ning Yuan of Ming); Three species from *Shiwu Bencao* (by Wang Ying of Ming); Fifteen new species added in *Bencao Gangmu* (by Li Shizhen of Ming).
[Appendix Notes] *Yaolu* by Li Dangzhi of Wei; *Bencao* by Wu Pu; *Paozhi* by Lei Xiao of Song; *Yaodui* by Xu Zhicai of Qi; *Shanfan* by Yang Sunzhi of Tang; *Sisheng Bencao* by Xiao Bing; *Qianjin Fang* by Sun Simiao; *Shixing Bencao* by Chen Shiliang of Southern Tang; *Chongzhu Bencao* by Han Baosheng of Shu; *Yanyi* by Kou Zongshi of Song; *Zhenzhunang* by Zhang Yuansu of Jin; *Faxiang* (referring to *Yixue Fabiang*) by Li Gao of Yuan; *Tangye Bencao* by Wang Haogu; *Jiyao Fang* by Wang Lun of Ming; *Huibian* by Wang Ji; *Bencao Mengquan* by Chen Jiamo.