（《别录》中品）
【释名】程（《列子》）、失刺孙。
时珍曰∶豹性暴，故曰豹。按许氏《说文》云∶豹之脊长，行则脊隆豸豸然，具司杀之
形，故字从豸、从勺。王氏《字说》云∶豹性勺物而取，程度而食，故
《列子》云∶青宁生程，程生马。沈氏《笔谈》云∶秦人谓豹为程，至今延
之失刺孙。
【集解】弘景曰∶豹至稀有，入用亦鲜，惟尾可贵。
恭曰∶阴阳家有豹尾神，车驾卤簿有豹尾车，名可尊重耳。真豹尾有何可贵？未审陶据
奚说？
颂曰∶今河
而纹黑也；《
知入药果用何
宗 曰∶豹毛赤黄，其纹黑，如钱而中空，比比相次。又有土豹，
其形亦小。此各有种，非能变形也，圣人假喻耳。恐医家不知，故书
时珍曰∶豹，辽东及西南诸山时有之。状似虎而小，白面团头，自惜其毛采。其纹如
钱者，曰金钱豹，宜为裘。如艾叶者，曰艾叶豹，次之。又西域有金线豹，纹如金线。海中
有水豹，上应箕宿。《禽虫述》云∶虎生三子，一为豹。则豹有变者，寇氏未知尔。豹畏蛇
与鼠，而狮、驳、渠搜能食之。《淮南子》云∶ 令虎申，蛇令豹止，物有所制也
云∶狐死首丘，豹死首山。不忘本也。豹胎至美，为八珍之一。
肉
【气味】酸，平，无毒。思邈曰∶温，微毒。正月勿食，伤神损寿。
【主治】安五脏，补绝伤，轻身益气，久服利人（《别录》）。壮筋骨，强志气，耐寒暑，
令人猛健（《日华》）。辟鬼魅神邪，宜肾（孙思邈）。
【发明】诜曰∶豹肉令人志性粗豪，食之便觉，少顷消化乃定。久食亦然。
宗 曰∶此兽猛捷过虎，故能安五脏，补绝伤，轻身，壮筋骨也。
脂
【主治】合生发膏，朝涂暮生（孟诜）。亦入面脂（时珍）。
鼻
【主治】狐魅。同狐鼻，水煮服（藏器。时珍曰∶按《外台》
载崔氏方中用之。）
头骨
【主治】烧灰淋汁，去头风白屑（孟诜）。作枕辟邪（时珍。出《五行志》）
皮 藏器曰∶不可藉睡，令人神惊。其毛入人疮中，有毒。
时珍曰∶按∶《林邑记》云∶广西南界有 腊虫，食死人尸，不可驱逐。惟以豹皮覆之，
则畏而不
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】程（出自《列子》）、失刺孙。
李时珍说：豹性情暴烈，所以叫作“豹”。查许慎的《说文解字》记载：豹的脊背较长，行走时脊背高高隆起，呈现出一种特殊的形态，具备掌管杀戮的形状，所以“豹”字的部首从“豸”、从“勺”。王圣美的《字说》记载：豹性情是捕捉猎物而取食，衡量程度而进食，所以《列子》中说：青宁生程，程生马。沈括的《笔谈》记载：秦地人把豹称为“程”，至今延用这一称呼为“失刺孙”。
【集解】陶弘景说：豹非常稀有，入药使用也很少，只有豹尾珍贵。
苏恭说：阴阳家中有豹尾神，皇帝车驾仪仗中有豹尾车，名字听起来值得尊重罢了。真正的豹尾有什么珍贵的？我不明白陶弘景依据的是什么说法？
苏颂说：现在的河……（原文此处有缺漏）而且纹路是黑色的；《……》（原文此处有缺漏）知道入药究竟使用什么……
陈藏器说：豹毛赤黄色，其纹路黑色，像铜钱一样中间是空的，彼此依次排列。又有土豹，它的形体也小。这各有种类，并不是能变形，这是圣人借用的比喻罢了。恐怕医家不知道，所以记录下来。
李时珍说：豹，辽东以及西南各山偶尔有生长。形状像老虎但体型较小，白色的圆头，爱惜自己的毛色光泽。纹路像铜钱的，叫金钱豹，适宜做皮衣。纹路像艾叶的，叫艾叶豹，等级稍次。另外西域有金线豹，纹路像金线。海中有水豹，上对应箕宿。《禽虫述》记载：老虎生下三只幼崽，其中一只是豹。那么豹是有变异的，寇氏不知道这一点。豹害怕蛇和老鼠，而狮子、驳、渠搜能吃掉它。《淮南子》记载：命令老虎伸展，命令豹停止，万物都有制约它们的。……记载：狐狸死时头朝向出生的山丘，豹死时头朝向山，是不忘记根本。豹胎味道极美，是八珍之一。
肉
【气味】酸味，平性，无毒。孙思邈说：温性，微毒。正月不要食用，会损伤精神折损寿命。
【主治】安定五脏，补益绝伤，使身体轻健益气，长期服用对人有利（《名医别录》）。强壮筋骨，增强志气，耐寒暑，使人勇猛健壮（《日华子本草》）。驱避鬼魅神邪，适宜肾脏（孙思邈）。
【发明】孟诜说：豹肉让人志性粗豪，吃了之后立刻感觉明显，过一会儿消化后才安定下来。长期吃也是这样。
陈藏器说：这种野兽凶猛敏捷超过老虎，所以能安定五脏，补益绝伤，使身体轻健，强壮筋骨。
脂
【主治】配合生发膏，早上涂抹晚上头发就长出来（孟诜）。也用于面脂（李时珍）。
鼻
【主治】狐魅。同狐鼻一起，用水煮后服用（陈藏器。李时珍说：查考《外台秘要》记载崔氏方中使用它。）
头骨
【主治】烧成灰淋出汁液，去除头风引起的头皮白屑（孟诜）。做成枕头辟邪（李时珍。出自《五行志》）
皮 陈藏器说：不可以垫着睡觉，让人神魂惊恐。它的毛进入人的疮口中，有毒。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bencao Jing Jizhu* / *Supplement to the Materia Medica*)
**[Names]** Cheng (from *Liezi*), Shilacun.
Li Shizhen states: The leopard is fierce in nature, hence its name "Bao". According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*: The leopard has a long spine; when it walks, the spine rises prominently, presenting a form that resembles one responsible for killing, thus the character 'Bao' contains the radical 'Zhi' (beast) and 'Shao'. Wang Shengmei's *Zishuo* states: The leopard's nature is to capture prey and eat according to measure, hence *Liezi* says: Qingning gives birth to Cheng, and Cheng gives birth to Ma. Shen Kuo's *Dream Pool Essays* records: People in Qin call the leopard "Cheng", and this term persists today as "Shilacun".
**[Collection & Explanation]** Tao Hongjing says: Leopards are extremely rare, and their use in medicine is scarce; only the tail is considered valuable.
Su Gong says: In Yin-Yang philosophy, there is a Leopard Tail Deity, and the imperial carriage procession includes a Leopard Tail Cart; the name sounds respectable. But what is truly valuable about a real leopard tail? I do not understand on what basis Tao Hongjing made this claim?
Su Song says: Currently... [text missing] ...and the pattern is black; [text missing] ...knowing what part is actually used for medicine...
Chen Cangqi says: Leopard fur is reddish-yellow with black patterns, resembling coins that are hollow in the center, arranged side by side. There is also a "local leopard" (Tu Bao), which is small in size. These are distinct species, not capable of transforming shapes; this was merely a metaphor used by sages. Fearing that physicians might not know this, I have recorded it.
Li Shizhen says: Leopards are occasionally found in Liaodong and the mountains of the southwest. They resemble tigers but are smaller, with white round heads, cherishing their lustrous fur. Those with coin-like patterns are called Golden Coin Leopards, suitable for making coats. Those with mugwort-leaf patterns are called Mugwort Leaf Leopards, of a lower grade. Additionally, from the Western Regions comes the Gold Thread Leopard, with patterns like gold threads. There is a Water Leopard in the sea, corresponding to the Ji Constellation. *Qin Chong Shu* records: A tiger gives birth to three cubs, one of whom becomes a leopard. Thus, leopards can undergo transformation, a fact unknown to Kou Zongshi. Leopards fear snakes and mice, while lions, bo, and Qusou can eat them. *Huainanzi* records: Command the tiger to extend, command the leopard to stop; all things have their constraints. [Text missing] records: When a fox dies, its head faces its native hill; when a leopard dies, its head faces the mountain. This shows they do not forget their origins. Leopard fetus is extremely delicious and is one of the Eight Delicacies.
Meat
**[Flavor & Properties]** Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Sun Simiao says: Warm, slightly toxic. Do not consume in the first lunar month, as it damages the spirit and shortens lifespan.
**[Indications]** Calms the five zang organs, repairs severe injuries, lightens the body and benefits qi; long-term consumption is beneficial to humans (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*). Strengthens sinews and bones, fortifies willpower, resists cold and heat, and makes one vigorous and strong (*Rihua Bencao*). Repels ghosts, charms, and evil spirits; benefits the kidney (Sun Simiao).
**[Elucidation]** Meng Xiao says: Leopard meat makes one's temperament bold and rough; after eating, one feels the effect immediately, which settles after digestion. Long-term consumption yields similar effects.
Chen Cangqi says: This beast is fiercer and more agile than the tiger, hence it can calm the five zang organs, repair severe injuries, lighten the body, and strengthen sinews and bones.
Fat
**[Indications]** Combined with hair-growth ointment, applied in the morning, hair grows by evening (Meng Xiao). Also used in facial creams (Li Shizhen).
Nose
**[Indications]** Treats fox-mania. Boiled with fox nose and taken orally (Chen Cangqi. Li Shizhen notes: According to *Waitai Miyao*, it is used in Cui Shi's prescriptions.)
Skull
**[Indications]** Burned to ash and leached with water to remove dandruff caused by wind-head (Meng Xiao). Made into pillows to ward off evil (Li Shizhen. From *Wuxing Zhi*).
Skin Chen Cangqi says: One should not sleep on it, as it startles the spirit. If its hairs enter a wound, they are toxic.
Li Shizhen says: According to *Linyi Ji*: In the southern border of Guangnan, there is a "La insect" that eats human corpses and cannot be driven away. Only by covering it with leopard skin can it be repelled out of fear...