（《别录》中品）
【释名】乌 （音徒。《左传》作于菟，《汉书》作乌KT ）、大虫（《肘后》）、李耳。
时珍曰∶虎，象其声也。魏子才云∶其文从 从几，象其蹲踞之形。从人者非也。扬雄
《方言》云∶陈魏宋楚之间，或谓之李父。江淮南楚之间，谓之李耳，或谓之KT
关东西或谓之伯都。珍按∶李耳当作狸儿。盖方音转狸为李，儿为耳也。今南人
即此意也。郭璞谓虎食物，值耳则止，故呼李耳，触其讳；应邵谓南郡李翁化
耳，皆穿凿不经之言也。《尔雅》云∶虎，浅毛曰 猫（音栈），白虎
音育），似虎而五指曰
【集解】颂曰∶虎，《本经》不载所出，今多山林处皆有之。
时珍曰∶按《格物论》云∶虎，山兽之君也。状如猫而大如牛，黄质黑章，锯牙钩爪，
须健而尖，舌大如掌（生倒刺），项短鼻 。夜视，一目放光，一目看物。声吼如雷，风从
而
生，百兽震恐。《易
不再交，孕七月而生
物，随月旬上下而啮其首尾。其搏物，三跃不中则舍之。人死于虎，则为伥鬼，导虎而行。
虎食狗则醉，狗乃虎之酒也。闻羊角烟则走，恶其臭也。虎害人、兽，而 、鼠能制之，智
无大小也。狮、驳、酋耳、黄腰、渠搜能食虎，势无强弱也。《抱朴子》云∶虎五百岁则变
白。又海中有虎鲨能变虎，古有
【附录】酋耳 《瑞应图》云∶酋耳似虎绝大，不食生物，见虎
郭璞云∶即驺虞也。白虎黑纹，尾长于身。
驳 《山海经》云∶驳状如马，白身黑尾，一角锯牙，能食虎豹。《
白。《说
苑》云∶师旷言鹊食 ， 食骏 ，骏
渠搜 《逸周书》云∶渠搜，西戎露犬也。能食虎豹。一云犴，胡犬也。能逐虎。
黄腰 《蜀志》名黄腰兽。鼬身狸首，长则食母，形虽小而能食虎及牛、鹿也。
又孙 云∶ （音斛），似豹而小，腰以上黄，以下黑，形类犬，食
鼠 见 下。
虎骨
【修治】颂曰∶虎骨用头及胫骨，色黄者佳。凡虎身数物，俱用雄虎者胜。药箭射
杀者，不可入药，其毒浸溃骨血间，能伤人也。
时珍曰∶凡用虎之诸骨，并捶碎去髓，涂酥或酒或醋，各随方法，炭火炙黄入药。
【气味】辛，微热，无毒。
之才曰∶平。
【主治】除邪恶气，杀鬼疰毒，止惊悸，治恶疮鼠 。头骨尤良（《别录》）。治筋骨毒
风挛急，屈伸不得，走注疼痛，治尸疰腹痛，伤寒温气，温疟，杀犬咬毒（甄权）。杂朱画
符，疗邪。头骨作枕，辟恶梦魇。置户上，辟鬼（陶弘景）。煮汁浴之，去骨节风毒肿。和
醋浸膝，止脚痛肿，胫骨尤良。初生小儿煎汤浴之，辟恶气，
（孟诜）。追风定痛健骨，止久痢脱肛，兽骨鲠咽（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶李绛《兵部手集》有虎骨酒，治臂胫痛。崔元亮《海上方》，治腰脚不
随，并有虎胫骨酒方。
宗 曰∶风从虎者，风，木也；虎，金也。木受金制，焉得不从？故虎啸而风生，自然
之道也。所以治风病挛急，屈伸不得，走疰，骨节风毒，癫疾惊痫诸病，皆此义也。
汪机曰∶虎之强悍，皆赖于胫，虽死而胫犹 立不仆，故治脚胫无力用之。
时珍曰∶虎骨通可用。凡辟邪疰，治惊痫温疟，疮疽头风，当用头骨；治手足诸风，当
用胫骨；腰
也。虎啸风
骨为胜。
【附方】旧十一，新七。
健忘惊悸∶预知散∶用虎骨（酥炙）、白龙骨、远志肉等分为末。生姜汤服，日三服。
久则令人聪慧。（《永类钤方》）
臂胫疼痛∶虎骨酒治之，不计深浅皆效。用虎胫骨二大两（捣碎炙黄），羚羊角（屑）
一大两，新芍药二大两（切）。三物以无灰酒浸之，养至七日，秋冬倍之。每日空腹饮一杯。
若要速服，即以银器物盛，于火炉中暖养三二日，即可服也。（《兵部手集》）
腰脚不随，挛急冷痛∶取虎胫骨五、六寸，刮去肉膜，涂酥炙黄捣细，
盛酒一斗浸之，糠火微温。七日后，任情饮之，当微利便效也。又方∶虎腰脊骨一具，前两
脚全骨一具，并于石上以斧捶碎，安铁床上，文炭火炙，待脂出则投无灰浓酒中密封，春夏
七日，秋冬三七日。任性日饮三度。患十年以上者，不过三剂；七年以下者，一剂必瘥。（崔
元亮《海上方》）
白虎风痛走注，两膝热肿∶用虎胫骨（涂酥炙黄）、黑附子（炮裂去皮）
每服二钱，酒下，日再服。（《经验后方》）
历节痛风∶虎胫骨（酒炙）三两，没药半两。为末。每服二钱，温酒下，日三服。（《圣
济总录》）
历节走痛∶百节皆痛不可忍。用虎头骨一具，涂酥炙黄捶碎，绢袋盛，置二斗清酒中，
浸五宿。随性饮之，妙。（《圣惠方》）
筋骨急痛∶虎骨和通草煮汁，空肚服半升。覆卧，少时汗出为效。切忌热食，损齿。小
儿齿生未足，不可与食
休息痢疾经时不愈∶取大虫骨炙黄焦，捣末。饮服方寸匕，日三，取
痔漏脱肛∶虎胫骨两节，以蜜二两炙赤，捣末，蒸饼丸梧桐子大。每凌晨温酒下二十丸，
取效。（《胜金》）
肛门凸出∶虎骨烧末，水服方寸匕，日三。（《外台》）
兽骨鲠咽∶虎骨为末，水服方寸匕。（《外台》）
狂犬咬伤∶虎骨刮末，水服方寸匕，并敷之。（《短剧方》）
汤火伤灼∶虎骨炙焦研敷，神效。（龚氏《易简方》）
月蚀疳疮∶虎头骨二两捣碎，猪脂一斤，熬膏涂之。（《集验方》）
小儿白秃∶虎骨末，油调涂之。（《普济》）
足疮嵌甲∶以橘皮汤浸洗，轻剪去甲。以虎骨末敷之，痛即止。（《便民图纂》）
胫烂疮∶以齑汁洗拭，刮虎骨末敷之。（《便民图纂》）
威骨 藏器曰∶虎有威骨如乙字，长一寸，在胁两旁，破肉取之。尾端亦有，不及胁骨。
令人有威，带之临官佳。无官则为人所憎。
肉
【气味】酸，平，无毒。宗 曰∶微咸。
弘景曰∶俗方言∶热食虎肉，坏人齿。
诜曰∶正月勿食虎，伤神。
时珍曰∶虎肉作土气，味不甚佳。盐食稍可。
【主治】恶心欲呕，益气力，止多唾（《别录》）。食之治疟，辟三十六种精魅。入山，
虎见畏之（孟诜）。
【附方】新一。
脾胃虚弱∶恶心不欲饮食。虎肉半斤切，以葱、椒、酱调，炙熟，空心冷食。（《寿亲
养老》方）
膏
【主治】狗啮疮（《别录》）。纳下部，治五痔下血（孟诜）。服之，治反胃。煎消，涂小
儿头疮白秃（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
一切反胃∶虎脂半斤切，清油一斤，瓦瓶浸一月，密封勿令泄气。每以油一两，入无灰
酒一盏，温服，以瘥为度。油尽再添。（《寿域神方》）
血
【主治】壮神强志（时珍曰∶猎人李次口云∶热刺虎之心血饮之，能壮神志。又《抱朴
子》云∶三月三日，杀取虎血、生驼血、白虎头皮、紫绶、履组
麻子，即取此实种之。一生辄一异，凡七种之。取其实合用，可
肚
【主治】反胃吐食。取生者勿洗存滓秽，新瓦固 存性，入平胃散末一两和匀。每白汤
服三钱，神效（时珍。出《保寿堂方》）。
肾
【主治】瘰 （时珍曰∶《千金》治瘰 ，雌黄芍药丸中用之。
肾悬于腹，象口隐于颐）。
胆
【主治】小儿惊痫（藏器）。小儿疳痢，神惊不安，研水服之（孟诜）。
睛
【修治】颂曰∶虎睛多伪，须自获者乃真。
曰∶凡使虎睛，须问猎人，有雌有雄，有老有嫩，有杀得者。惟中毒自死者勿用之，
能伤人。虎睛，以生羊血浸一宿漉出，微火焙干，捣粉用。
时珍曰∶《千金》治狂邪，有虎睛汤、虎睛丸，并用酒浸炙干用。
【主治】癫疾（《别录》）。疟病，小儿热疾惊悸（孟诜）。惊啼，客忤，疳气，镇心安神
（《日华》）。明目去翳（时珍）。
【附方】旧二，新二。
虎睛丸∶
（去心）各一两，栀子仁半两，为末，炼蜜丸绿豆大。每温酒服二十丸。
小儿惊痫掣 ∶用虎睛细研，水调灌之，良。（《经验后方》）
小儿夜啼∶用大虫眼睛一只，为散。以竹沥调少许与吃。（姚和众方）
邪疟时作∶生虎睛一枚，腊月猪血少许，朱砂、阿魏各一分，为末。端午日取粽尖七枚
和，丸黍米大。每绵包一丸，塞耳中，男左女
虎魄 藏器曰∶凡虎夜视，一目放光，一目看物。猎人候而射之，弩箭才及，目
光即堕入地，得之如白石者是也。
宗 曰∶陈氏所谓乙骨及目光堕地之说，终不免于诬也。
时珍曰∶乙骨之说不为怪。目光之说，亦犹人缢死则魄入于地，随即掘之，状如麸炭之
义。按∶《茅亭
此是虎之精魄沦入
【主治】惊邪，辟恶镇心（藏器）。
鼻
【主治】癫疾，小儿惊痫（《别录》）。悬户上，令
云∶虎鼻悬门中一年，取烧作屑，与妇饮，便生贵子。勿令人及妇知，知则不验。又云∶悬
于门上，宜官，子孙带印绶。此与古者胎教欲见虎豹，皆取其勇壮之义同也。
牙
【主治】丈夫阴疮及疽 （孙思邈）。杀劳虫，治 犬伤，发狂。刮末，酒服方寸匕（时
珍）。
【附方】新一。
白虎风痛∶大虎牙一副（四个），赤足蜈蚣十条（酒浸三日，晒干），天麻二两，乳香、
没药各一两，麝香半两，为末。每服二钱，温酒下，一日三服。（《圣
爪 颂曰∶爪并指、骨、毛俱可用，以雄虎为胜。
【主治】系小儿臂，辟恶魅（《别录》。
时珍曰∶《外台》辟恶魅，用虎爪、蟹爪、赤朱、雄黄为末，松脂和丸。每正旦焚之）。
皮（一名皋毗。见《庄子》）
【主治】疟疾（藏器）。辟邪魅（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶应劭《风俗通》云∶虎者阳物，百兽之长，能
恶病，烧皮饮之，或系衣服，亦甚验也。《起居杂记》云∶虎豹皮上睡，令人神惊。其毛入
疮，有大毒。
须
【主治】齿痛（弘景。《酉阳杂俎》云∶许隐齿痛，仙人郑思远拔虎须令插之，痛即愈）。
屎
【主治】恶疮（《别录》）。鬼气（藏器）。疗瘭疽痔漏。烧研酒服，治兽骨鲠（时珍）。
【附方】旧一。
屎白者，以马尿和之，晒干烧灰粉之。（《千金》）
屎中骨
【主治】为屑，治火疮（《别录》）。破伤风（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】乌（音同“徒”。《左传》写作“于菟”，《汉书》写作“乌兕”）、大虫（出自《肘后备急方》）、李耳。
李时珍说：虎，是模拟它的叫声命名的。魏子才说：它的字形由“虍”和“几”组成，象形它蹲坐的姿态。从“人”字旁的说法是不对的。扬雄在《方言》中说：陈、魏、宋、楚之间，有人叫它“李父”。江淮及南楚之间，叫它“李耳”，也有人叫它“兕”。关东关西有人叫它“伯都”。我考证认为：“李耳”应当作“狸儿”。大概是当地方言将“狸”读作“李”，“儿”读作“耳”。现在南方人仍保留这个意思。郭璞说老虎吃食物，遇到耳朵就停止，所以叫李耳，这是避讳的说法；应邵说南郡有个姓李的老翁变成了老虎的耳朵，这些都是牵强附会、不合常理的话。《尔雅》说：虎，毛短的叫做“猫”（音“栈”），白虎（音“育”），像老虎但有五个脚趾的叫……
【集解】苏颂说：虎，《神农本草经》没有记载产地，现在多在山林地区都有。
李时珍说：按《格物论》说：虎，是山中的兽类君主。形状像猫但大如牛，黄色底色黑色斑纹，牙齿如锯，爪子如钩，胡须强健而尖，舌头大如手掌（生有倒刺），脖子短，鼻子……夜视时，一只眼睛发光，一只眼睛看物。吼声如雷，风随之而起，百兽震恐。《易经》……不再交配，怀孕七个月生产……动物，随着月亮每旬上下移动而咬食其首尾。它搏斗猎物，三次跳跃不中就会放弃。人死于虎口，会变成伥鬼，引导老虎行动。老虎吃了狗就会醉，狗就是老虎的酒。闻到羊角的烟味就会逃跑，厌恶那种臭味。老虎伤害人和野兽，但……鼠能制服它，智慧没有大小之分。狮、驳、酋耳、黄腰、渠搜能吃掉老虎，势力没有强弱之别。《抱朴子》说：老虎五百岁就会变成白色。另外海中有虎鲨能变成虎，古代有……
【附录】酋耳 《瑞应图》说：酋耳像老虎但极大，不吃活物，见到虎……郭璞说：就是驺虞。白虎黑纹，尾巴比身体长。
驳 《山海经》说：驳形状像马，白身黑尾，一角锯齿牙，能吃虎豹。《……白。《说苑》说：师旷说鹊吃……，……吃骏马，骏马……
渠搜 《逸周书》说：渠搜，是西戎的露犬。能吃虎豹。另一种说法是犴，胡地的狗。能追逐老虎。
黄腰 《蜀志》称为黄腰兽。鼬的身体狸的头，长大了会吃母亲，形体虽小但能吃虎及牛、鹿。
又孙……说：（音“斛”），像豹但小，腰部以上黄，以下黑，形状像狗，吃……
鼠 见下文。
虎骨
【修治】苏颂说：虎骨用头骨和胫骨，颜色黄的为佳。凡是使用虎身上的多种部位，都用雄虎的更好。被药箭射杀的，不可入药，因为毒素渗透在骨血之间，会伤人。
李时珍说：凡是用虎的各种骨头，都要敲碎去掉骨髓，涂酥油或用酒或醋浸泡，各自遵循方法，用炭火烤黄后入药。
【气味】辛，微热，无毒。
徐之才说：平。
【主治】驱除邪恶之气，杀灭鬼疰毒，止惊悸，治疗恶疮鼠瘘。头骨尤其好（《名医别录》）。治疗筋骨毒风引起的痉挛拘急，屈伸不利，游走性疼痛，治疗尸疰腹痛，伤寒温气，温疟，杀灭狗咬之毒（甄权）。混合朱砂画符，治疗邪气。头骨做枕头，辟除恶梦魇。放在门上方，辟鬼（陶弘景）。煮汁洗澡，去除骨节风毒肿。和醋浸泡膝盖，止脚痛肿，胫骨尤其好。初生婴儿煎汤洗澡，辟除恶气，……（孟诜）。追风定痛健骨，止久痢脱肛，兽骨卡喉（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：李绛《兵部手集》中有虎骨酒，治疗手臂和小腿疼痛。崔元亮《海上方》，治疗腰脚不能随意活动，都有虎胫骨酒的方子。
寇宗奭说：风从虎来，风属木；虎属金。木受金制约，怎么能不从？所以虎啸而风生，是自然的道理。所以治疗风病引起的痉挛拘急，屈伸不利，走疰，骨节风毒，癫疾惊痫等各种疾病，都是基于这个道理。
汪机说：虎的强悍，都依赖于胫骨，即使死了胫骨还能直立不倒，所以治疗脚胫无力时使用它。
李时珍说：虎骨通体可用。凡辟邪疰，治疗惊痫温疟，疮疽头风，应当用头骨；治疗手足各种风症，应当用胫骨；腰……也。虎啸风……骨为胜。
【附方】旧方十一，新方七。
健忘惊悸∶预知散∶用虎骨（酥炙）、白龙骨、远志肉等分研末。生姜汤送服，每日三次。长期服用能使人聪慧。（《永类钤方》）
臂胫疼痛∶虎骨酒治疗，无论病程深浅都有效。用虎胫骨二大两（捣碎炙黄），羚羊角（屑）一大两，新芍药二大两（切）。三味药在无灰酒中浸泡，养至七日，秋冬加倍。每天空腹喝一杯。若要快速见效，就用银器盛放，在火炉中温热养护二三日后即可服用。（《兵部手集》）
腰脚不随，挛急冷痛∶取虎胫骨五、六寸，刮去肉膜，涂酥炙黄捣细，盛酒一斗浸泡，糠火微温。七日后，随意饮用，会有轻微腹泻即见效。另一法∶虎腰脊骨一副，前两脚全骨一副，都在石上用斧头砸碎，放在铁床上，用文炭火烤，待油脂流出则投入无灰浓酒中密封，春夏七日，秋冬三七日。随意每日饮三次。患病十年以上的，不超过三剂；七年以下的，一剂必愈。（崔元亮《海上方》）
白虎风痛走注，两膝热肿∶用虎胫骨（涂酥炙黄）、黑附子（炮裂去皮）……每次服二钱，酒送下，每日两次。（《经验后方》）
历节痛风∶虎胫骨（酒炙）三两，没药半两。研末。每次服二钱，温酒送下，每日三次。（《圣济总录》）
历节走痛∶全身关节皆痛不可忍受。用虎头骨一副，涂酥炙黄捶碎，绢袋盛装，放入二斗清酒中，浸泡五宿。随意饮用，妙。（《圣惠方》）
筋骨急痛∶虎骨和通草煮汁，空腹服半升。俯卧，不久出汗即为有效。切忌吃热食，损齿。小儿牙齿未长齐，不可给吃……
休息痢疾经时不愈∶取大虫骨炙黄焦，捣末。饮服方寸匕，每日三次，取……
痔漏脱肛∶虎胫骨两节，用蜜二两炙赤，捣末，蒸饼丸梧桐子大。每清晨温酒送下二十丸，取效。（《胜金》）
肛门凸出∶虎骨烧成末，水服方寸匕，每日三次。（《外台》）
兽骨鲠咽∶虎骨为末，水服方寸匕。（《外台》）
狂犬咬伤∶虎骨刮末，水服方寸匕，并敷患处。（《短剧方》）
月蚀疳疮∶虎头骨二两捣碎，猪脂一斤，熬膏涂之。（《集验方》）
小儿白秃∶虎骨末，油调涂之。（《普济》）
足疮嵌甲∶以橘皮汤浸洗，轻剪去甲。以虎骨末敷之，痛即止。（《便民图纂》）
胫烂疮∶以齑汁洗拭，刮虎骨末敷之。（《便民图纂》）
威骨 藏器说：虎有威骨如乙字，长一寸，在胁两旁，破肉取出。尾端也有，不如胁骨好。让人有威严，佩戴它做官好。无官职则被人憎恨。
肉
陶弘景说：俗话常说：热食虎肉，坏人的牙齿。
孟诜说：正月不要吃虎，伤神。
【主治】恶心欲呕，益气力，止多唾（《名医别录》）。食用治疗疟疾，辟三十六种精魅。进山，老虎见了会畏惧（孟诜）。
【附方】新方一。
脾胃虚弱∶恶心不欲饮食。虎肉半斤切块，用葱、椒、酱调味，烤熟，空腹冷食。（《寿亲养老》方）
膏
【主治】狗咬疮（《名医别录》）。纳入下部，治疗五痔下血（孟诜）。服用，治疗反胃。煎化，涂小儿头疮白秃（李时珍）。
【附方】新方一。
一切反胃∶虎脂半斤切块，清油一斤，瓦瓶浸泡一月，密封勿漏气。每次用油一两，加入无灰酒一盏，温服，以痊愈为度。油尽再添。（《寿域神方》）
血
【主治】壮神强志（李时珍说：猎人李次口说：热刺虎之心血饮用，能壮神志。又《抱朴子》说：三月三日，杀取虎血、生驼血、白虎头皮、紫绶、履组……麻子，就取这种果实种植。一生有一次变异，共种植七次。取其果实合用，可……
肚
【主治】反胃吐食。取生的不要洗，保留滓秽，新瓦固存性，入平胃散末一两和匀。每用白开水服三钱，神效（李时珍。出自《保寿堂方》）。
【主治】瘰疬（李时珍说：《千金方》治疗瘰疬，雌黄芍药丸中使用。肾悬于腹，象口隐于颐）。
【主治】小儿惊痫（藏器）。小儿疳痢，神惊不安，研水服之（孟诜）。
睛
【修治】苏颂说：虎睛多假，必须自己捕获的才是真。
曰：凡使用虎睛，须问猎人，有雌有雄，有老有嫩，有杀得的。只有中毒自死的不要用，能伤人。虎睛，用生羊血浸泡一夜捞出，微火焙干，捣粉用。
李时珍说：《千金方》治疗狂邪，有虎睛汤、虎睛丸，都用酒浸炙干用。
【主治】癫疾（《名医别录》）。疟病，小儿热疾惊悸（孟诜）。惊啼，客忤，疳气，镇心安神（《日华子本草》）。明目去翳（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方二，新方二。
虎睛丸∶……（去心）各一两，栀子仁半两，为末，炼蜜丸绿豆大。每温酒服二十丸。
小儿惊痫掣纵∶用虎睛细研，水调灌之，良。（《经验后方》）
小儿夜啼∶用大虫眼睛一只，为散。以竹沥调少许给吃。（姚和众方）
邪疟时作∶生虎睛一枚，腊月猪血少许，朱砂、阿魏各一分，为末。端午日取粽尖七枚和，丸黍米大。每绵包一丸，塞耳中，男左女右……
虎魄 藏器说：凡虎夜视，一只眼睛发光，一只眼睛看物。猎人等候并射击，弩箭刚到，目光即堕入地，得到它像白石的就是。
寇宗奭说：陈氏所说的乙骨及目光堕地的说法，终究不免于诬蔑。
李时珍说：乙骨的说法不算奇怪。目光的说法，也像人缢死则魄入于地，随即挖掘，状如麸炭的道理。按∶《茅亭……这是虎的精魄沦入……
鼻
云∶虎鼻悬门中一年，取烧作屑，与妇饮，便生贵子。勿令人及妇知，知则不验。又说∶悬挂于门上，宜官，子孙带印绶。这与古者胎教欲见虎豹，都是取其勇壮的意义相同。
牙
【主治】丈夫阴疮及疽（孙思邈）。杀劳虫，治……犬伤，发狂。刮末，酒服方寸匕（李时珍）。
【附方】新方一。
白虎风痛∶大虎牙一副（四个），赤足蜈蚣十条（酒浸三日，晒干），天麻二两，乳香、没药各一两，麝香半两，为末。每次服二钱，温酒下，一日三次。（《圣……
爪 苏颂说：爪并指、骨、毛都可用，以雄虎为胜。
【主治】系小儿臂，辟恶魅（《名医别录》。
李时珍说：《外台秘要》辟恶魅，用虎爪、蟹爪、赤朱、雄黄为末，松脂和丸。每正旦焚之）。
皮（一名皋毗。见《庄子》）
【发明】李时珍说：按∶应劭《风俗通》说：虎是阳物，百兽之长，能……恶病，烧皮饮之，或系衣服，也很灵验。《起居杂记》说：睡在虎豹皮上，令人神惊。其毛入疮，有大毒。
须
【主治】齿痛（陶弘景。《酉阳杂俎》说：许隐齿痛，仙人郑思远拔虎须令插之，痛即愈）。
屎
【主治】恶疮（《名医别录》）。鬼气（藏器）。疗瘭疽痔漏。烧研酒服，治兽骨鲠（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方一。
屎白者，以马尿和之，晒干烧灰粉之。（《千金方》）
屎中骨
【附方】新方一。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bie Lu*)
**[Names]** Wu (pronounced "Tu". Written as "Yutu" in *Zuo Zhuan*, and as "Wusi" in *Han Shu*), Da Chong (from *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*), Li Er.
Li Shizhen stated: The name "Hu" (Tiger) is onomatopoeic, imitating its roar. Wei Zicai said: Its character consists of "Hu" and "Ji", depicting its squatting posture. The interpretation involving the "person" radical is incorrect. Yang Xiong in *Fang Yan* stated: In the regions of Chen, Wei, Song, and Chu, it is sometimes called "Li Fu". In the Jianghuai and southern Chu regions, it is called "Li Er", or sometimes "Si". In the regions east and west of the pass, it is called "Bo Du". I have verified that "Li Er" should be written as "Li Er" (Kitten/Civet Cub). This is likely due to dialectal shifts where "Li" (Civet) sounds like "Li" (Plum) and "Er" (Child) sounds like "Er" (Ear). People in the south still retain this meaning. Guo Pu claimed that tigers stop eating when they encounter ears, hence the name Li Er, which is an apologetic explanation; Ying Shao claimed that an old man surnamed Li in Nanjun transformed into a tiger's ear; both are far-fetched and unreasonable statements. *E Ya* states: For tigers, those with short hair are called "Mao" (pronounced "Zhan"), white tigers (pronounced "Yu"), and those resembling tigers but having five toes are called...
**[Collection]** Su Song stated: *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* does not record the origin of tigers; they are now found in many mountainous and forested areas.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Ge Wu Lun*: The tiger is the monarch of beasts in the mountains. It resembles a cat but is as large as an ox, with a yellow body and black stripes, saw-like teeth, and hook-shaped claws. Its whiskers are strong and sharp, its tongue is as large as a palm (with backward-pointing barbs), its neck is short, and its nose... At night, one eye emits light while the other observes objects. Its roar is like thunder, causing wind to rise, terrifying all beasts. The *I Ching*... They do not mate again, giving birth after seven months of gestation... Animals gnaw their heads and tails as the moon moves up and down each ten-day period. When fighting prey, if it fails to catch it after three leaps, it gives up. Humans killed by tigers become "Chang ghosts," guiding the tiger. If a tiger eats a dog, it becomes intoxicated; the dog is the tiger's wine. It flees upon smelling the smoke from sheep horns, detesting the odor. Although tigers harm humans and beasts, ... mice can subdue them; wisdom has no size distinction. Lions, Bo, Chou'er, Huangyao, and Qusou can eat tigers; power has no strength disparity. *Baopuzi* states: A tiger transforms into a white tiger after five hundred years. Additionally, there are tiger sharks in the sea that can transform into tigers; in ancient times...
**[Appendix]** Chou'er: *Ruiying Tu* states: Chou'er resembles a tiger but is extremely large, does not eat living things, and upon seeing a tiger... Guo Pu stated: It is the Zouyu. It has a white body with black stripes, and its tail is longer than its body.
Bo: *Shan Hai Jing* states: Bo resembles a horse, has a white body and black tail, one horn, and saw-like teeth; it can eat tigers and leopards. *... Bai*. *Shuo Yuan* states: Shi Kuang said magpies eat..., ... eat horses, horses...
Qusou: *Yi Zhou Shu* states: Qusou is a wild dog of the Western Rong. It can eat tigers and leopards. Another theory says it is An, a Hu dog, which can chase tigers.
Huangyao: Named "Huangyao Beast" in *Shu Zhi*. It has the body of a weasel and the head of a civet; when grown, it eats its mother. Though small, it can eat tigers, cattle, and deer.
Also Sun... said: (pronounced "Hu"), resembles a leopard but smaller, yellow above the waist and black below, shape like a dog, eats...
Mouse: See below.
Tiger Bone
**[Preparation]** Su Song stated: Use the skull and tibial bones of the tiger; those with a yellow color are superior. Generally, for various parts of the tiger, male tigers are preferred. Tigers killed by poisoned arrows must not be used for medicine, as toxins permeate the bone and blood, harming humans.
Li Shizhen stated: For any tiger bone used, crush it and remove the marrow. Apply su (animal fat) or soak in wine or vinegar according to specific methods, then roast over charcoal fire until yellow before use.
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Pungent, slightly hot, non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai stated: Neutral.
**[Indications]** Expels evil qi, kills Gui Zhu poison, stops palpitations, treats malignant sores and rat fistula. The skull is especially effective (*Bie Lu*). Treats spastic stiffness and inability to flex/extend caused by toxic wind in muscles and bones, wandering pain, Shi Zhu abdominal pain, cold damage warm qi, warm malaria, and dog bite toxicity (Zhen Quan). Mix with cinnabar to draw talismans to treat evil influences. Use the skull as a pillow to ward off nightmares. Place above the door to ward off ghosts (Tao Hongjing). Boil the juice for bathing to remove wind-toxin swelling in joints. Soak knees in vinegar mixture to stop foot pain and swelling; the tibia is especially effective. Bathe newborn infants in the decoction to ward off evil qi... (Meng Shen). Dispels wind, stabilizes pain, strengthens bones, stops chronic dysentery and rectal prolapse, and treats foreign bodies stuck in the throat (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song stated: Li Jiang's *Bingbu Shouji* contains Tiger Bone Wine for treating arm and leg pain. Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* also has formulas for Tiger Tibia Wine to treat immobility of the waist and legs.
Kou Zongshi stated: Wind comes from the tiger; wind belongs to Wood; the tiger belongs to Metal. Since Wood is controlled by Metal, how could it not follow? Thus, the tiger's roar generates wind, which is the natural way. Therefore, treating wind diseases causing spastic stiffness, inability to flex/extend, wandering pathogenic factors, joint wind-toxin, epilepsy, and convulsions all rely on this principle.
Wang Ji stated: The tiger's strength lies in its tibia; even after death, the tibia remains upright without falling. Hence, it is used to treat weakness in the lower legs.
Li Shizhen stated: All parts of the tiger bone can be used generally. To expel evil Qi and treat convulsions, warm malaria, carbuncles, and headache, use the skull; to treat wind conditions in hands and feet, use the tibia; for the waist... is superior. The tiger's roar generates wind...
**[Prescriptions]** Eleven old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Forgetfulness and Palpitations: Yuzhi San: Equal parts of Tiger Bone (roasted with su), White Dragon Bone, and Polygala Root. Take as powder with ginger soup, three times daily. Long-term use enhances intelligence (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Arm and Leg Pain: Tiger Bone Wine is effective regardless of duration. Use two large liang of Tiger Tibia (crushed and roasted yellow), one large liang of Antelope Horn (shavings), and two large liang of fresh Peony Root (sliced). Soak these three ingredients in unfermented wine for seven days (double the time in autumn/winter). Drink one cup on an empty stomach daily. For faster results, keep in a silver vessel and warm over a stove for two to three days before consumption (*Bingbu Shouji*).
Waist and Leg Immobility, Spasm and Cold Pain: Take five to six cun of Tiger Tibia, scrape off the periosteum, apply su, roast until yellow, and grind finely. Soak in one dou of wine, warming gently over chaff fire. After seven days, drink at will; mild diarrhea indicates efficacy. Another method: Take one set of Tiger Lumbar-Sacral Vertebrae and one set of front limbs. Crush on stone with an axe, place on an iron bed, roast over slow charcoal fire until oil exudes, then seal in concentrated unfermented wine. Soak for seven days in spring/summer, twenty-one days in autumn/winter. Drink three times daily at will. For cases lasting over ten years, no more than three doses; for under seven years, one dose is curative (Cui Yuanliang *Haishang Fang*).
White Tiger Wind Pain with Wandering Sensation and Hot Swollen Knees: Use Tiger Tibia (coated with su and roasted yellow) and Black Aconite (processed, cracked, peeled)... Take two qian, washed down with wine, twice daily (*Jingyan Houfang*).
Lijie Gout: Tiger Tibia (wine-roasted) three liang, Myrrh half liang. Grind to powder. Take two qian, washed down with warm wine, three times daily (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Lijie Wandering Pain: Unbearable pain in all joints. Use one Tiger Skull, coat with su, roast until yellow, crush, place in silk bag, and soak in two dou of clear wine for five nights. Drink at will, miraculous (*Shenghui Fang*).
Muscle and Bone Acute Pain: Boil Tiger Bone with Ligusticum Wallichii (Tongcao) juice. Take half sheng on an empty stomach. Lie prone; sweating shortly after indicates efficacy. Strictly avoid hot food as it damages teeth. Do not give to children whose teeth have not fully erupted...
Chronic Intermittent Dysentery: Roast "Da Chong" (Tiger) bone until yellow and charred, grind to powder. Take one fangcun bi with water, three times daily, until...
Hemorrhoids, Fistula, and Rectal Prolapse: Two segments of Tiger Tibia, roasted red with two liang of honey, ground to powder. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds using steamed dough. Take twenty pills with warm wine every morning until effective (*Shengjin*).
Anal Protrusion: Burn Tiger Bone to ash, take one fangcun bi with water, three times daily (*Waitai*).
Foreign Body Stuck in Throat: Tiger Bone powder, take one fangcun bi with water (*Waitai*).
Rabies Bite: Scrape Tiger Bone to powder, take one fangcun bi with water, and apply topically (*Duanju Fang*).
Scalds and Burns: Roast Tiger Bone until charred, grind, and apply. Miraculous effect (Gong's *Yijian Fang*).
Moon-Eclipse Chan Ulcer: Crush two liang of Tiger Skull, boil with one jin of lard to make ointment, apply (*Jiyan Fang*).
Pediatric Alopecia Capitis: Tiger Bone powder mixed with oil, apply (*Puji*).
Ingrown Toenail on Foot Ulcer: Wash with Tangerine Peel Decoction, trim nail lightly. Apply Tiger Bone powder, pain stops immediately (*Bianmin Tucuan*).
Leg Ulcer: Wash with vinegar juice, scrape Tiger Bone powder, and apply (*Bianmin Tucuan*).
Weigu: Zangqi stated: The tiger has a Weigu bone shaped like the character 'Yi', one cun long, located on both sides of the ribs; extract it by breaking the flesh. There is also one at the tail tip, but inferior to the rib bone. Carrying it grants authority; it is good for officials. Without office, people may hate you.
Meat
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Kou Zongshi stated: Slightly salty.
Tao Hongjing stated: Folk saying: Eating hot tiger meat damages human teeth.
Meng Shen stated: Do not eat tiger in the first lunar month; it harms the spirit.
Li Shizhen stated: Tiger meat carries earth qi and tastes not very good. Salted meat is acceptable.
**[Indications]** Nausea and vomiting, tonifies qi and strength, stops excessive salivation (*Bie Lu*). Eats to treat malaria, wards off thirty-six types of spirits. Entering mountains, tigers fear it (Meng Shen).
**[Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
Spleen and Stomach Weakness: Nausea and loss of appetite. Slice half a jin of tiger meat, season with scallion, pepper, and soy sauce, roast until cooked, eat cold on an empty stomach (*Shouqin Yanglao* formula).
Fat/Ointment
**[Indications]** Dog bite sores (*Bie Lu*). Insert into the lower orifice to treat bleeding hemorrhoids (Meng Shen). Ingest to treat regurgitation. Melt and apply to pediatric scalp ringworm (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
All Types of Regurgitation: Slice half a jin of Tiger Fat, soak in one jin of clear oil in a clay jar for one month, seal tightly to prevent leakage. Take one liang of oil with one cup of unfermented wine, warm and drink, until cured. Refill oil when exhausted (*Shouyu Shenfang*).
Blood
**[Indications]** Strengthens spirit and will (Li Shizhen stated: Hunter Li Cikou said: Drinking the blood of a freshly killed tiger heart strengthens the spirit. Also, *Baopuzi* states: On the third day of the third lunar month, kill to obtain tiger blood, raw camel blood, white tiger scalp, purple ribbon, and shoe laces... Hemp seeds, plant these fruits. One generation yields one mutation, plant seven times in total. Use the fruit for preparation, can...)
Stomach
**[Indications]** Regurgitation and vomiting. Take fresh, unwashed, retaining impurities. Calcine in a new tile until preserved in nature. Mix with one liang of Pingwei San powder. Take three qian with plain boiled water, miraculous effect (Li Shizhen. From *Baoshou Tang Fang*).
Kidney
**[Indications]** Scrofula (Li Shizhen stated: *Qianjin Fang* uses it in Cinnabar and Peony Pill for scrofula. Kidneys hang in the abdomen, resembling the mouth hidden in the cheek).
Gallbladder
**[Indications]** Pediatric epilepsy (Zangqi). Pediatric chan dysentery, fright and restlessness, grind and take with water (Meng Shen).
Eye
**[Preparation]** Su Song stated: Tiger eyes are often fake; only those caught personally are genuine.
Stated: When using tiger eyes, ask hunters; there are female and male, old and young, and those obtained from killing. Do not use those that died from poisoning, as they harm humans. Soak tiger eyes in raw sheep blood overnight, drain, dry over low fire, grind to powder for use.
Li Shizhen stated: *Qianjin Fang* treats manic disorders with Tiger Eye Decoction and Tiger Eye Pill, both soaked in wine and roasted dry.
**[Indications]** Epilepsy (*Bie Lu*). Malaria, pediatric febrile diseases with palpitations (Meng Shen). Fright crying, external shock, chan qi, calms the heart and spirit (*Rihua Bencao*). Brightens eyes and removes nebula (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** Two old prescriptions, two new ones.
Tiger Eye Pill:... (remove heart) one liang each, Gardenia Seed half liang. Grind to powder, refine honey to make pills the size of mung beans. Take twenty pills with warm wine.
Pediatric Convulsions: Grind Tiger Eye finely, mix with water and administer, excellent (*Jingyan Houfang*).
Pediatric Night Crying: Use one "Da Chong" eye, grind to powder. Mix with bamboo sap and give a little to eat (Yao Hezhong Formula).
Intermittent Malaria: One raw Tiger Eye, a little pig blood from the twelfth lunar month, Cinnabar and Asafoetida each one fen. Grind to powder. On Dragon Boat Festival, take seven tips of zongzi leaves, mix, make pills the size of millet grains. Wrap one pill in silk, insert into ear, male left female right...
Tiger Amber: Zangqi stated: When tigers look at night, one eye emits light, the other observes. Hunters wait and shoot; when the crossbow bolt arrives, the light falls into the ground. Obtaining it looks like white stone.
Kou Zongshi stated: Chen's theory of the 'Yi' bone and light falling to the ground is ultimately unfounded.
Li Shizhen stated: The 'Yi' bone theory is not strange. The light theory is similar to the idea that when a person hangs themselves, their soul enters the ground; digging it up reveals something like bran-charcoal. According to *Maoting... This is the tiger's essence and soul sinking into...
**[Indications]** Frightening evil, expels malice, calms the heart (Zangqi).
Nose
**[Indications]** Epilepsy, pediatric convulsions (*Bie Lu*). Hang above the door...
Stated: Hang tiger nose in the doorway for one year, burn to ash, give to woman to drink, she will bear a noble child. Do not let anyone or the woman know, or it won't work. Also stated: Hanging on the door promotes official rank, descendants wear seals and ribbons. This is consistent with ancient prenatal education wanting to see tigers and leopards, deriving the meaning of bravery and strength.
Tooth
**[Indications]** Male yin sores and carbuncles (Sun Simiao). Kills wasting parasites, treats... dog bites, madness. Scrape to powder, take one fangcun bi with wine (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
White Tiger Wind Pain: One pair of large tiger teeth (four teeth), ten red-footed centipedes (soaked in wine for three days, dried), two liang of Gastrodia Elata, one liang each of Frankincense and Myrrh, half liang of Musk. Grind to powder. Take two qian, washed down with warm wine, three times daily (*Sheng...*).
Claw: Su Song stated: Claws, fingers, bones, and fur are all usable, with male tigers being superior.
**[Indications]** Tie to child's arm to ward off evil spirits (*Bie Lu*.
Li Shizhen stated: *Waitai* wards off evil spirits using Tiger Claw, Crab Claw, Red Cinnabar, and Realgar ground to powder, mixed with pine resin into pills. Burn on New Year's Day.
Skin (Also named Gaopi. See *Zhuangzi*)
**[Indications]** Malaria (Zangqi). Ward off evil spirits (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen stated: According to Ying Shao's *Fengsu Tong*: The tiger is a yang creature, chief of beasts, capable of... Evil diseases, drink burned skin, or tie to clothes, also very effective. *Qiju Zajiji* states: Sleeping on tiger or leopard skin causes spiritual fright. Its hair entering wounds has great toxicity.
Whisker
**[Indications]** Toothache (Tao Hongjing. *Youyang Zazu* states: Xu Yin had toothache, Immortal Zheng Siyuan pulled out a tiger whisker and inserted it, pain ceased immediately).
Excrement
**[Indications]** Malignant sores (*Bie Lu*). Ghost qi (Zangqi). Treats phagedenic ulcers and hemorrhoidal fistulas. Burn, grind, take with wine, treats foreign bodies stuck in throat (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** One old prescription.
White excrement: Mix with horse urine, dry, burn to ash, apply as powder (*Qianjin Fang*).
Bone in Excrement
**[Indications]** Grind to dust, treat burns (*Bie Lu*). Tetanus (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** One new prescription.