（《本经》下品）
【释名】 李（《诗疏》）、郁李、车下李（《别录》）、爵李（《本经》）、雀梅（《诗疏》）、
常棣。时珍曰∶郁，《山海经》作 ，馥郁也。花、实俱香，故以名之。陆机《诗疏》作
字，非也。《尔雅》常棣即此。或以为
【集解】《别录》曰∶郁李生高山川谷及丘陵上。五月、六月采根。
弘景曰∶山野处处有之。子熟赤色，亦可啖。
保升曰∶树高五、六尺，叶、花及树并似大李；惟子小若樱桃，甘酸而香，有少涩味也。
禹锡曰∶按∶郭璞云∶棣树生山中，子如樱桃，可食。《诗·小雅》云∶常棣之华，鄂不
。陆机注云∶白棣树也，如李而小，正白，今官园种之，一名 李。又有赤棣树，亦似白
棣，叶如刺榆叶而微圆，子正赤如郁李而小，五月始熟，关西、天水、陇西多有之。宗 曰∶
郁李子如御李子，红熟堪啖，微涩，亦可蜜煎，陕西甚多。
颂曰∶今汴洛人家园圃植一种，枝茎作长条，花极繁密而多叶者，亦谓之郁李，不堪入药。
核仁
【修治】 曰∶先以汤浸，去皮、尖，用生蜜浸一宿，漉出阴干，研如膏用之。
【气味】酸，平，无毒。
权曰∶苦、辛。元素曰∶辛、苦，阴中之阳，脾经气分药也。
【主治】大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，利小便水道（《本经》）。
肠中结气，关格不通（甄权）。通泄五脏膀胱急痛，宣腰胯冷脓，消宿食下气（大明）。
破癖气，下四肢水。
酒服四十九粒，能泻结气（孟诜）。破血润燥（元素
专治大肠气滞，燥涩不通（李杲）。研和龙脑，点赤眼（宗 ）。
【发明】时珍曰∶郁李仁甘苦而润，其性降，故能下气利水。按∶《宋史·钱乙传》云∶
一乳妇因悸而病，既愈，目张不得瞑。乙曰∶煮郁李酒饮之使醉，即愈。所以然者，目系内
连肝胆，恐则气结，胆横不下。郁李能去结，随酒入胆，结去胆下，则目能瞑矣。此盖得肯
KT之妙者也。颂曰∶《必效方》∶疗癖。取车下李仁，汤润去皮及并仁者，与干面相拌，
捣如饼。若干，入水少许，作面饼，大小一如病患掌。为二饼，微炙使黄，勿令至熟。空腹
食一饼，当快利。如不利，更食一饼，或饮热米汤，以利为度。利不止，以醋饭止之。利后
当虚。若病未尽，一、二日量力更进一服，以病尽为限。不得食酪及牛、马肉等。累试神验，
但须量病轻重，以意加减，小儿亦可用。
【附方】旧三，新二。
小儿多热∶熟汤研郁李仁如杏酪，一日服二合。（姚和众《至宝方》）。
小儿闭结∶襁褓小儿，大小便不通，并惊热痰实，欲得溏动者。大黄（酒浸，炒）、郁
李仁（去皮，研）各一钱，滑石末一两，捣和丸黍米大。二岁小儿三丸，量人加减，白汤下。
（钱乙《直诀》）。
肿满气急不得卧∶用郁李仁一大合。捣末，和面作饼。吃入口即大便通，泄气便愈。
氏《产乳》）。
香港脚浮肿，心腹满，大小便不通，气急喘息者∶郁李仁十二分（捣烂，水研绞汁），薏
苡（
猝心痛刺∶郁李仁三七枚嚼烂，以新汲水或温汤下。须臾痛止，却热呷薄盐汤。（姚和
众《至宝方》）。
皮肤血汗∶郁李仁（去皮，研）一钱，鹅梨捣汁调下。（《圣济总录》）。
根
【气味】酸，凉，无毒。
【主治】齿龈肿，龋齿，坚齿（《本经》）。去白虫（《别录》）。
治风虫牙痛，浓煎含漱。治小儿身热，作汤浴之（大明）。
宣结气，破积聚（甄权）。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】 李（出自《毛诗正义》）、郁李、车下李（出自《名医别录》）、爵李（出自《神农本草经》）、雀梅（出自《毛诗正义》）、常棣。李时珍说：郁，在《山海经》中写作“鬱”，意为香气浓郁。花和果实都有香味，所以用这个字命名。陆机在《毛诗正义》中写作“椐”字，这是错误的。《尔雅》中说常棣就是这种植物。有人把它误认为……
【集解】《名医别录》说：郁李生长在高山河谷及丘陵地带。五月、六月采集根部。
陶弘景说：山野各处都有生长。果实成熟时呈赤色，也可以食用。
苏保升说：树高五、六尺，叶子、花以及树干都和大李树相似；只有果实像樱桃一样小，味道甘酸且香，带有一点涩味。
尚禹锡说：根据郭璞的说法：棣树生长在山中，果实像樱桃，可以食用。《诗经·小雅》中说：“常棣的花，花萼鲜明。”陆机注释说：白棣树，像李树但较小，花色正白，现在官家园林种植它，又名“椐”李。又有赤棣树，也像白棣，叶子像刺榆叶但略圆，果实正红色像郁李但较小，五月才成熟，关西、天水、陇西等地有很多。寇宗奭说：郁李的果实像御李子，红熟时可吃，微涩，也可以用蜜煎制，陕西地区非常多。
苏颂说：现在汴京、洛阳的人家在园圃里种植一种，枝茎呈长条状，花极繁密且多叶的，也称之为郁李，但不能入药。
【核仁】
【修治】 雷敩说：先用热水浸泡，去掉皮和尖，用生蜂蜜浸泡一夜，滤出后阴干，研磨成膏使用。
【气味】 酸，平，无毒。
甄权说：苦、辛。张元素说：辛、苦，属于阴中之阳，是脾经气分的药物。
【主治】 大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，通利小便水道（出自《神农本草经》）。
肠中结聚之气，关格不通（甄权）。通泄五脏及膀胱的急痛，宣散腰胯部的冷脓，消除宿食并降气（陈藏器）。
破除癖块之气，下行四肢的水湿。
用酒送服四十九粒，能泻除结聚之气（孟诜）。破血润燥（张元素）。
专门治疗大肠气滞，干燥涩滞不通（李杲）。研磨后配合龙脑，点涂治疗红眼病（寇宗奭）。
【发明】 李时珍说：郁李仁味甘苦而滋润，其性沉降，所以能降气利水。据记载：《宋史·钱乙传》中说：有一位乳母因为惊恐而生病，病愈后，眼睛睁开却无法入睡。钱乙说：煮郁李酒让她喝醉，就能痊愈。之所以这样，是因为目系内部连接肝胆，恐惧则气机结聚，胆气横逆不下。郁李能去除结聚，随着酒力进入胆经，结去则胆气下行，眼睛就能闭合睡眠了。这大概是得到了关键要领的妙用吧。苏颂说：《必效方》：治疗癖积。取车下李仁，用热水润透去皮及尖，将仁与干面粉拌匀，捣成饼状。如果太干，加少许水，做成面饼，大小如同病人的手掌。做成两个饼，轻微烤至黄色，不要烤熟。空腹吃一个饼，应当会畅快腹泻。如果不腹泻，再吃一个饼，或者喝热米汤，以腹泻为度。如果腹泻不止，用醋饭来止住。腹泻后身体会虚弱。如果病未痊愈，一两天后根据体力再进一服，以病尽为止。不能吃奶酪及牛、马肉等。多次尝试非常灵验，但必须根据病情轻重，酌情加减，小儿也可以使用。
【附方】 旧方三首，新方二首。
小儿多热：用热水研磨郁李仁如杏酪状，一日服用二合。（姚和众《至宝方》）。
小儿便秘：襁褓中的小儿，大小便不通，兼有惊热痰实，想要大便溏动的。大黄（酒浸，炒）、郁李仁（去皮，研）各一钱，滑石末一两，捣和制成黍米大小的丸药。两岁小儿服三丸，根据患者情况加减，白开水送下。（钱乙《小儿药证直诀》）。
肿满气急不能卧：用郁李仁一大合。研磨成末，和面做成饼。吃入口即大便通，泄气病愈。（氏《产乳》）。
香港脚浮肿，心腹胀满，大小便不通，气急喘息者：郁李仁十二分（捣烂，水研绞汁），薏苡仁……
猝然心痛刺痛：郁李仁三七枚嚼烂，用新汲水或温水送下。一会儿疼痛停止，然后小口喝淡盐汤。（姚和众《至宝方》）。
皮肤血汗：郁李仁（去皮，研）一钱，鹅梨捣汁调服。（《圣济总录》）。
【根】
【气味】 酸，凉，无毒。
【主治】 齿龈肿，龋齿，坚固牙齿（《神农本草经》）。去除白虫（《名医别录》）。
治疗风虫牙痛，浓煎含漱。治疗小儿身热，煮汤洗澡（陈藏器）。
宣散结气，破除积聚（甄权）。
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Li (*Mao Shi Zheng Yi*), Yuli, Chexia Li (*Mingyi Bielu*), Jueli (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Quemei (*Mao Shi Zheng Yi*), Changdi. Li Shizhen stated: "Yu" is written as "Yù" in *Shan Hai Jing*, meaning fragrant and rich. Both flowers and fruits are fragrant, hence the name. Lu Ji wrote it as "Ju" in *Mao Shi Zheng Yi*, which is incorrect. *Er Ya* states that Changdi is this plant. Some mistakenly identify it as...
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Yuli grows in high mountains, river valleys, and on hillsides. The roots are harvested in May and June.
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows everywhere in the wild. When ripe, the fruit is red and edible.
Su Baosheng stated: The tree is five or six chi tall; leaves, flowers, and trunk resemble those of the large plum (Prunus salicina); only the fruit is small like a cherry, sweet and sour with fragrance, having a slight astringent taste.
Shang Yuxi stated: According to Guo Pu: Di trees grow in mountains, fruits like cherries, edible. *Shi Jing · Xiao Ya* says: "The flowers of Changdi, the calyxes are bright." Lu Ji's annotation states: Bai Di tree, like plum but smaller, white flowers, now planted in official gardens, also named "Ju" Li. There is also Chi Di tree, similar to Bai Di, leaves like Celtis sinensis but rounder, fruits red like Yuli but smaller, ripening in May, abundant in Guanxi, Tianshui, and Longxi. Kou Zongshi stated: Yuli fruits resemble Imperial plums, red when ripe and edible, slightly astringent, can be preserved in honey, very common in Shaanxi.
Su Song stated: Now, people in Bianjing and Luoyang plant a variety in gardens with long branches, extremely dense flowers and many leaves, also called Yuli, but unsuitable for medicinal use.
**[Kernel/Ren]**
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao stated: Soak first in hot water, remove skin and tips, soak in raw honey overnight, drain and dry in shade, then grind into paste for use.
**[Flavor and Nature]** Sour, neutral, non-toxic.
Zhen Quan stated: Bitter, pungent. Zhang Yuansu stated: Pungent, bitter, Yang within Yin, a drug for the Qi aspect of the Spleen Meridian.
**[Indications]** Abdominal edema, swelling of face, eyes, and limbs, promoting urination through the urinary pathways (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Qi stagnation in the intestines, obstruction of Guan Ge syndrome (Zhen Quan). Relieving acute pain of the Five Viscera and Bladder, dispersing cold pus in the waist and hips, resolving retained food and descending Qi (Chen Cangqi).
Breaking up mass-forming Qi, draining water from the four limbs.
Taking forty-nine pills with wine can purge stagnant Qi (Meng Shen). Breaking blood stasis and moistening dryness (Zhang Yuansu).
Specifically treating Qi stagnation in the Large Intestine, dryness and obstruction (Li Gao). Ground and mixed with Borneol to treat red eyes (Kou Zongshi).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen stated: Yuli Ren is sweet and bitter, moistening, with a descending nature, thus capable of descending Qi and promoting diuresis. According to records: In *History of Song · Biography of Qian Yi*: A nursing mother fell ill due to fright. After recovery, her eyes remained open and she could not sleep. Qian Yi said: Boil Yuli wine and let her drink until drunk, then she will recover. The reason is that the eye system connects internally to the Liver and Gallbladder; fear causes Qi stagnation, and Gallbladder Qi rises transversely instead of descending. Yuli removes stagnation, enters the Gallbladder via wine, and once stagnation is removed, Gallbladder Qi descends, allowing the eyes to close and sleep. This is likely the subtle application of grasping the key essence. Su Song stated: *Bixiao Fang*: Treats Pi accumulation. Take Chexia Li Ren, soften with hot water, remove skin and tips, mix the kernel with dry flour, pound into cakes. If too dry, add a little water, form dough cakes, size of patient's palm. Make two cakes, lightly roast until yellow, do not cook thoroughly. Eat one cake on an empty stomach; there should be a brisk bowel movement. If no movement, eat another cake, or drink hot rice soup, stopping when diarrhea occurs. If diarrhea persists, stop it with vinegar-rice. Post-diarrhea, the body will be deficient. If disease remains, after one or two days, take another dose according to strength, until disease is exhausted. Avoid cheese, beef, horse meat, etc. Repeatedly tested and effective, but must adjust dosage based on disease severity; can be used for children.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Three old prescriptions, two new ones.
Pediatric Excess Heat: Grind cooked Yuli Ren into apricot-kernel-like paste, take two he per day (Yao Hezhong *Zhibao Fang*).
Pediatric Constipation: Infants with unblocked stool and urine, accompanied by fright-heat and phlegm-solidity, desiring loose stools. Rhubarb (soaked in wine, stir-fried), Yuli Ren (skin removed, ground) each one qian, Talcum powder one liang, pounded and mixed into pills the size of millet seeds. Two-year-old infants take three pills, adjust according to patient, taken with plain boiled water (Qian Yi *Xiao'er Yaozheng Zhijue*).
Swelling, fullness, shortness of breath unable to lie down: Use one dahe of Yuli Ren. Grind to powder, mix with flour to make cakes. Once eaten, bowel movement opens, Qi泄 resolves, and illness cures (Shi *Chanru*).
Podagra with edema, abdominal fullness, unblocked stool and urine, shortness of breath and panting: Yuli Ren twelve fen (pounded, water-extracted juice), Coicis Semen...
Sudden heart pain with stabbing sensation: Chew thirty-seven Yuli Ren, swallow with fresh drawn water or warm water. Pain stops shortly after, then sip thin salt water (Yao Hezhong *Zhibao Fang*).
Skin bleeding/sweat: Yuli Ren (skin removed, ground) one qian, mix with juice of Goose Pear and take (*Shengji Zonglu*).
**[Root]**
**[Flavor and Nature]** Sour, cool, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Gum swelling, dental caries, strengthening teeth (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Removing Ascaris lumbricoides (*Mingyi Bielu*).
Treating wind-worm toothache, decoct strongly for gargling. Treating pediatric fever, decoct for bathing (Chen Cangqi).
Dispersing stagnant Qi, breaking accumulations (Zhen Quan).