（《本经》下品）
【释名】楮李（钱氏）、鼠梓（《别录》）、山李子（《图经》）、牛李（《别录》）、皂李（苏
恭）、赵李（苏恭）、牛皂子（《纲目》）
时珍曰∶鼠李，方音亦作楮李，未详名义。可以染绿，故俗称皂李及乌巢。巢、槎、赵，皆
皂子之音讹也。一种苦楸，亦名鼠梓，与此不同。见梓下。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鼠李生田野，采无时。
颂曰∶即乌巢子也。今蜀川多有之。枝叶如李。其实若五味子，色 黑，其汁紫色，熟
时采，晒干用。皮采无
宗 曰∶即牛李也。
木高七、八尺。叶如李，但狭而不泽。子于条上四边生，生时青，熟则紫黑色。至秋叶
落，子尚在枝。是处皆有，今关陕及湖南、江南北甚多。
人采其嫩者，取汁刷染绿色。
子
【气味】苦，凉，微毒。
【主治】寒热瘰 疮（《本经》）。水肿腹胀满（大明）。下血及碎肉，除疝瘕积冷，九蒸
酒渍，服三合，日再服。又捣敷牛马六畜疮中生虫（苏恭）。痘疮黑陷及疥癣有虫（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶牛李，治痘疮黑陷及出不快，或触秽气黑陷。古昔无知之者，惟钱乙
《小儿直诀》必胜膏用之。云牛李子即鼠
用银、石器熬成膏，瓷瓶收贮，常令透风。每服一皂子大，煎桃胶汤化下。如人行二十里，
再进一服，其疮自然红活。入麝香少许尤妙。如无生者，以干者为末，水熬成膏。又《九
卫生方》亦云∶痘疮黑陷者，用牛李子一两（炒研
分，
温服。
【附方】新二。
诸疮寒热毒痹，及六畜虫疮∶鼠李生捣敷之。（《圣惠方》）
齿 肿痛∶牛李煮汁，空腹饮一盏，仍频含漱。（《圣济录》）。
皮
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
恭曰∶皮、子俱有小毒。忌铁。
【主治】身皮热毒（《别录》）。风痹（大明）。诸疮寒热毒痹（苏恭）。口疳龋齿，及疳
虫蚀人脊骨者，煮浓汁灌之，神良（孟诜）。
【发明】颂曰∶刘禹锡《传信方》∶
名牛李子）、蔷薇根（野外者）各（细切）五升，水五大斗，煎半日，汁浓，即于银、铜器
中盛
之，重汤煎至一、二升，待稠，瓷瓶收贮。每稍稍含咽，必瘥。忌酱、醋、油腻、热面及肉。
如发背，以帛涂贴之，神效。襄州军事柳岸妻窦氏，患口疳十五年，齿尽落，龈亦断坏，不
可近，用此而愈。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】楮李（钱乙）、鼠梓（《名医别录》）、山李子（《图经本草》）、牛李（《名医别录》）、皂李（苏恭）、赵李（苏恭）、牛皂子（《本草纲目》）
李时珍说：鼠李，各地读音也写作“楮李”，其名称由来不详。它可以用来染绿色，所以俗称“皂李”和“乌巢”。“巢”、“槎”、“赵”都是“皂子”发音的讹误。有一种苦楸树，也叫鼠梓，但与本药不同。详见“梓”条之下。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：鼠李生长在田野间，采集没有固定时间。
苏颂说：就是乌巢子。现在四川地区有很多。枝叶像李树。果实像五味子，颜色黑，汁液呈紫色，成熟时采收，晒干后使用。
树木高七、八尺。叶子像李树叶，只是更狭长且无光泽。果实生在枝条四周，未熟时青色，成熟后变为紫黑色。到了秋天叶子落下，果实仍挂在枝头。到处都有，现在关中、陕西以及湖南、江南等地非常多。
人们采摘其嫩叶，取汁液刷染成绿色。
【气味】味苦，性凉，微毒。
【主治】寒热瘰疬疮疡（《神农本草经》）。水肿腹胀满（唐·陈藏器）。便血及排出碎肉，去除疝气、癥瘕积聚及冷积，用酒蒸九次后浸泡，每次服用三合，每日两次。又捣烂外敷治疗牛马等六畜疮疡中生虫（苏恭）。痘疮黑陷及疥癣生虫（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：牛李，治疗痘疮黑陷及出疹不畅，或因接触秽气导致黑陷的情况。古代无人知晓此法，只有钱乙在《小儿直诀》中的必胜膏中使用了它。书中说牛李子即鼠李，用银器或石器熬制成膏，装入瓷瓶保存，经常使其透气。每次服用如皂荚子大小的一块，用桃胶汤送服。如果病人行走约二十里路，再服用一次，疮口自然会红润鲜活。加入少许麝香效果更佳。如果没有鲜品，可用干品研末，用水熬成膏。另外《九卫生方》也说：痘疮黑陷者，用牛李子一两（炒后研细），分份，温服。
【附方】新收录二则。
各种疮疡寒热毒痹，以及六畜虫疮：将鼠李鲜品捣烂外敷。（《太平圣惠方》）
牙齿肿痛：用牛李煮汁，空腹饮一盏，并频繁含漱。（《济生方》/《圣济总录》）
【气味】味苦，微寒，无毒。
苏恭说：皮、子都有小毒。忌用铁器。
【主治】身体皮肤热毒（《名医别录》）。风痹（唐·陈藏器）。各种疮疡寒热毒痹（苏恭）。口疳龋齿，以及疳虫侵蚀人脊骨者，煮浓汁灌服，效果极佳（孟诜）。
【发明】苏颂说：刘禹锡《传信方》记载：取牛李子（又名牛李子）、蔷薇根（野外生长的）各五升（细切），加水五大斗，煎煮半天，汁液浓缩，然后盛放在银器或铜器中，隔水再次煎至一、二升，待稠厚后，装入瓷瓶保存。每次少量含咽，必定痊愈。忌食酱、醋、油腻、热面及肉类。如果是发背疮，用布涂药贴敷，效果神奇。襄州军事判官柳岸的妻子窦氏，患口疳十五年，牙齿全部脱落，牙龈也断裂损坏，令人无法靠近，用此方治愈。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Chu Li (Qian Yi), Shu Zi (*Mingyi Bie Lu*), Shan Lizhi (*Tujing Bencao*), Niu Li (*Mingyi Bie Lu*), Zao Li (Su Gong), Zhao Li (Su Gong), Niu Zaozi (*Bencao Gangmu*).
Li Shizhen stated: "Shuli" is also pronounced as "Chuli" in various dialects; the origin of its name is unknown. It can be used to dye green, hence it is commonly known as "Zaoli" and "Wuchao". "Chao", "Cha", and "Zhao" are all phonetic corruptions of "Zaozi". There is a type of bitter qiu tree, also called "Shuzi", which is different from this herb. See the entry for "Zi" below.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: "Shuli grows in fields and open lands; it can be collected at any time."
Su Song said: "It is the Wuchaizi. It is abundant in Sichuan now. Its branches and leaves resemble those of the plum tree. Its fruit resembles Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis), with black color and purple juice. It should be harvested when ripe and dried for use."
Kou Zongshi said: "It is Niu Li."
The tree is seven or eight chi tall. The leaves resemble plum leaves but are narrower and less glossy. The fruits grow on all four sides of the twigs; they are green when unripe and turn purplish-black when ripe. In autumn, after the leaves fall, the fruits remain on the branches. It is found everywhere, especially in Guanzhong, Shaanxi, Hunan, and Jiangnan.
People pick the tender parts, extract the juice, and use it to dye things green.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, cool, slightly toxic.
**[Indications]** Chills and fever, scrofula sores (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Edema, abdominal distension and fullness (Chen Cangqi). Hematochezia and passage of fragmented flesh; removal of hernia, fixed masses (Zhengjia), and accumulated cold. Steamed nine times and soaked in wine; take 3 he per dose, twice daily. Also, mashed and applied externally to treat parasitic sores on cattle, horses, and other livestock (Su Gong). Blackened and depressed acne variolae (smallpox) and scabies/tinea with parasites (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen said: "Niu Li treats blackened and depressed smallpox, or slow eruption, or depression caused by contact with foul qi. In ancient times, few knew of this. Only Qian Yi used it in his 'Bisheng Gao' (Victory Paste) from *Xiao'er Zhijue*. He stated that Niu Zi is Shuli. It is boiled into a paste using silver or ceramic vessels and stored in porcelain bottles, kept ventilated. Take an amount the size of a soapberry seed, dissolved in Tao Jiao (Peach Gum) decoction. If the patient has walked about twenty li, administer another dose; the sores will naturally become red and vibrant. Adding a small amount of She Xiang (Musk) is even better. If fresh material is unavailable, dry material can be powdered and boiled into a paste with water. Additionally, *Jiuwei Shengfang* states: For blackened and depressed smallpox, use one liang of Niu Zi (stir-fried and ground), divided into doses, taken warm."
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two new prescriptions.
For various sores with chills, fever, toxicity, and bi-syndrome, as well as parasitic sores on livestock: Mash fresh Shuli and apply externally. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*)
For tooth swelling and pain: Boil Niu Li in water, drink one zhan on an empty stomach, and frequently swish in the mouth. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Su Gong said: Both the bark and seeds have slight toxicity. Avoid iron.
**[Indications]** Heat toxicity on the body skin (*Mingyi Bie Lu*). Wind-bi syndrome (Chen Cangqi). Various sores with chills, fever, toxicity, and bi-syndrome (Su Gong). Oral gan (noma/caries) and dental caries, as well as cases where gan parasites erode the human spine: Boil a concentrated decoction and irrigate/administer; it is highly effective (Meng Shen).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song said: Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang* records: Take Niu Zi (also named Niu Li Zi) and Qiangwei Gen (wild rose root) (finely chopped), five sheng each. Add five dou of water, decoct for half a day until the liquid is concentrated. Then place in silver or copper vessels and steam-decoct until reduced to one or two sheng. When thick, store in porcelain bottles. Take small amounts and swallow slowly; recovery is certain. Avoid soy sauce, vinegar, greasy food, hot noodles, and meat. For back carbuncles (Fabei), apply with cloth; it is miraculous. Dou Shi, wife of Liu An, Military Judge of Xiangzhou, suffered from oral gan for fifteen years. Her teeth fell out completely, and her gums broke down, making her face unbearable to approach. She was cured using this prescription.