（《别录》下品）
【校正】并入《拾遗》枕材。
【释名】乌樟（弘景）、KT
时珍曰∶樟有大、小二种，紫、淡二色。此即樟之小者。按∶郑樵《通志》云∶钓樟亦
樟之类，即《尔雅》所谓“KT ，无疵”是也。又相如赋云∶ 、楠、豫、章。颜师古注
云∶
豫即枕木，章即樟木。二木生至七年，乃可分别。观此，则豫即《别录》所谓钓樟者也。根
似乌药香，故又名乌樟。
【集解】弘景曰∶钓樟出桂阳、邵陵诸处，亦呼作乌樟，
恭曰∶生郴州山谷。树高丈余。叶似楠叶而尖长，背有赤毛，若枇杷叶上毛。八月、九
月采根皮，晒干。
炳曰∶根似乌药香。
藏器曰∶枕生南海山谷。作KT 船，次于樟木。
根皮
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】金疮止血，刮屑敷之，甚验（《别录》）。磨服，治霍乱（萧炳）。治奔豚香港脚水
肿，煎汤服。亦可浴疮痍疥癣风瘙，并研末敷之（大明）。
茎叶
【主治】置门上，辟天行时气（萧炳）。
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】旁其（《拾遗》）、
时珍曰∶乌以色名。其叶状似 鲫鱼，故俗呼为 树。《拾遗》作旁其，方音讹也。
南人亦呼为矮樟，其气似樟也。
【集解】藏器曰∶乌药生岭南。邕州、容州及江南。树生似茶，高丈余。一叶三丫，叶
青阴白。根状似山芍药及乌樟，根色黑褐，作车毂纹，横生，八月采根。其直根者不堪用。
颂曰∶今台州、雷州、衡州皆有之，以天台者为胜。木似茶 ，高五、七尺。叶微圆而尖，
面青背白，有纹。四、五月开细花，黄白色。六月结实。根有极大者，又似钓樟根。然根有
二种∶岭南者黑褐色而坚硬，天台者白而虚软，并以八月采。根如车毂纹、形如连珠者佳。
或云∶天台者香白可爱，而不及海南者力大。承曰∶世称天台者为胜。今比之洪州、衡
州者，
天台香味为劣，入药功效亦不及。但肉色颇赤，而差细小尔。时珍曰∶吴、楚山中极多，人
以为薪。根、叶皆有香气，但根不甚大，才如芍药尔。嫩
子，生青熟紫，核壳极薄。其仁亦香而苦。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
好古曰∶气浓于味，阳也。入足阳明、少阴经。
【主治】中恶心腹痛，蛊毒疰忤鬼气，宿食不消，天行疫瘴，膀胱肾间冷气攻冲背膂，
妇人血气，小儿腹中诸虫（藏器）。治一切气除一切冷，霍乱、反胃吐食泻痢，痈疖疥疠，
并解冷热，其功不可悉载。猫、犬百病，并可磨服（大明）。理元气（好古）。中气香港脚疝气，
气厥头痛，肿胀喘急，止小便频数及白浊（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶乌药性和，来气少，走泄多，但不甚刚猛。与沉香同磨作汤点服，治
胸腹冷气甚稳当。
时珍曰∶乌药辛温香窜，能散诸气。故《惠民和剂局方》治中风中气诸证，用乌药顺气
散者，先疏其气，气顺则风散也。严用和《济生方》治七情郁结，上气喘急，用四磨汤者，
降中兼升，泻中带补也。其方以人参、乌药、沉香、槟榔各磨浓汁七分，合煎，细细咽之。
《朱氏集验方》治虚寒小便频数，缩泉丸，用同益智子等分为丸服者，取其通阳明、少阴经
也，方见草部益智子下。
【附方】新十一。
乌沉汤∶治一切气，一切冷，补五脏，调中壮阳，暖腰膝，去邪气，冷风麻痹，膀胱、
肾间冷气，攻冲背膂，俯仰不利，风水毒肿，吐泻转筋，症癖刺痛，中恶心腹痛，鬼气疰忤，
天行瘴疫，妇人血气痛。用天台乌药一百两，沉香五十两，人参三两，甘草（ ）四两，为
末。每服半钱，姜盐汤空心点服。（《和剂局方》）一切气痛∶不拘男女，冷气、血气、肥气、
息贲气、伏梁气、奔豚气，抢心切痛，冷汗，喘息欲绝。天台乌药（小者，酒浸一夜，炒）、
茴香（炒）、青橘皮（去白，炒）、良姜（炒）等分，为末。温酒、童便调下。（《卫生家宝方》）
男妇诸病∶香乌散∶用香附、乌药等分，为末。每服一、二钱。饮食不进，姜、枣汤下；疟
疾，干姜、白盐汤下；腹中有虫，槟榔汤下；头风虚肿，茶汤下；妇人冷气，米饮下；产后
血攻心脾痛，童便下；妇人血海痛、男子疝气，茴香汤下。（《乾坤秘韫》）。小肠疝气∶乌
药一两，升麻八钱。水二钟，煎一钟，露一宿，空心热服。（孙天仁《集效方》）。香港脚掣痛∶
乡村无药。初发时即取土乌药，不犯铁器，布揩去土，瓷瓦刮屑，好酒浸一宿。次早空心温
服，溏泄即愈。入麝少许，尤佳。痛入腹者，以乌药同鸡子瓦罐中水煮一日，取鸡子，切片
蘸食，以汤送下，甚效。（《永类钤方》）。血痢泻血∶乌药，烧存性，研，陈米饭丸梧桐子
大。每米饮下三十丸。（《普济方》）。
气厥头痛∶不拘多少，及产后头痛。天台乌药、川芎 等分，为末。每服二钱，腊茶清调下。
产后，铁锤烧红淬酒调下。（《济生方》）。
一盏，先噙后咽，吐出痰涎为愈。（《经验方》）。孕中有痈∶洪州乌药（软白香辣者）五钱，
水一盏，牛皮胶一片，同煎至七分，温服。乃龚彦德方也。（《妇人良方》）。心腹气痛∶乌
药（水磨浓汁）一盏，入橘皮一片，苏一叶，煎服。（《集简方》）
嫩叶
【主治】炙碾煎饮代茗，补中益气，止小便滑数（藏器）。
【发明】时珍曰∶乌药，下通少阴肾经，上理脾胃元气。故丹溪朱氏
加乌药叶也。
子
【主治】阴毒伤寒，腹痛欲死。取一合炒起黑烟，投水中，煎三、五沸，服一大盏，汗
出阳回即瘥（《斗门方》）。
【附录】研药 曰∶生南海诸州小树，叶如椒，根如乌药而圆小。根味苦，温，无毒。
主霍乱，下痢赤白，中恶蛊毒，腹内不调者。锉，水
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【校正】并入《本草拾遗》中的“枕材”。
【释名】乌樟（陶弘景）、KT
李时珍说：樟树有大、小两种，颜色有紫、淡两种。这里指的是较小的樟树。据郑樵《通志》记载：钓樟也是樟树的一类，就是《尔雅》中所说的“KT，无疵”（纹理细密无瑕疵）。另外司马相如的赋中提到：“KT、楠、豫、章”。颜师古注释说：豫就是枕木，章就是樟木。这两种树木生长到七年以后，才可以区分开来。看这些记载，那么豫就是《名医别录》中所谓的钓樟。其根气味像乌药，所以又被称为乌樟。
【集解】陶弘景说：钓樟产于桂阳、邵陵等地，也叫做乌樟。
苏恭说：生长在郴州的深山谷中。树高一丈多。叶子像楠树叶但更尖长，背面有红色的毛，就像枇杷叶背面的毛。八月、九月采集根皮，晒干。
萧炳说：根的气味像乌药。
陈藏器说：枕木生长在南海的山谷中。用来制作KT船，等级次于樟木。
根皮
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】金疮出血，刮取药屑敷在伤口上，效果很好（《名医别录》）。磨碎服用，治疗霍乱（萧炳）。治疗奔豚（气从少腹上冲心胸）、香港脚（脚气病）、水肿，煎汤服用。也可以用来洗浴疮疡、疥癣、风疹瘙痒，并研成粉末外敷（孟诜）。
茎叶
【主治】挂在门上，可以辟除时行疫病之气（萧炳）。
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】旁其（《本草拾遗》）、
李时珍说：乌以颜色命名。它的叶子形状像鲫鱼，所以俗称为 树。《本草拾遗》写作“旁其”，是方言音误。南方人也叫它矮樟，因为气味像樟树。
【集解】陈藏器说：乌药生长在岭南地区。邕州、容州以及江南一带。树木生长像茶树，高一丈多。一片叶子分三叉，叶面青绿，叶背白。根部形状像山芍药和乌樟，根色黑褐色，有类似车轮毂的纹路，横向生长，八月采集根部。直根的不能使用。
苏颂说：现在台州、雷州、衡州都有出产，以天台山产的最好。木头像茶树，高五、七尺。叶子微圆而尖，叶面青绿叶背白，有纹理。四月、五月开细小的花，黄白色。六月结果实。根部有极大的，又像钓樟的根。然而根有两种：岭南产的呈黑褐色且坚硬，天台产的呈白色且虚软，都在八月采集。根部像车轮毂纹路、形状像连珠的是佳品。有人说：天台产的香气洁白可爱，但药效不如海南产的猛烈。寇宗奭说：世人称天台的为好。现在将它与洪州、衡州的相比，天台的香味较差，入药功效也不如。只是肉质略带红色，而且稍细小罢了。李时珍说：吴地、楚地的山中极多，人们把它当柴烧。根、叶都有香气，但根不太大，才像芍药那么大。嫩子，生时青色熟时紫色，核壳极薄。里面的仁也有香气且味苦。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
李好古说：气味浓重于味道，属阳。入足阳明经、足少阴经。
【主治】中恶邪心腹痛，蛊毒疰忤鬼气，宿食不消化，时行疫瘴，膀胱肾间的冷气攻冲背部脊柱，妇女血气病，小儿腹中各种寄生虫（陈藏器）。治疗一切气滞，祛除一切寒冷，霍乱、反胃吐食、腹泻痢疾，痈疽疖疮疥癞，并能解除热证和寒证，其功效不可尽述。猫、犬的各种疾病，都可以磨碎服用（孟诜）。调理元气（李好古）。治疗中气、香港脚、疝气，气厥头痛，肿胀喘急，止小便频数及白浊（李时珍）。
【发明】赵宗说：乌药性平和，来气少，走泄作用多，但不太刚猛。与沉香一起磨碎做汤点服，治疗胸腹冷气非常稳妥。
李时珍说：乌药辛温香窜，能疏散各种气滞。所以《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗中风、中气等证候，使用乌药顺气散，是先疏通气机，气顺则风邪自散。严用和《济生方》治疗七情郁结，上气喘急，使用四磨汤，是降中兼升，泻中带补。该方用人参、乌药、沉香、槟榔各磨成浓汁七分，混合煎煮，细细咽下。《朱氏集验方》治疗虚寒导致的小便频数，缩泉丸，将乌药与益智子等分制成丸服用，取其通达阳明、少阴经的作用，方剂见草部益智子条下。
【附方】新收十一条。
乌沉汤：治疗一切气滞，一切寒冷，补五脏，调中壮阳，暖腰膝，去邪气，冷风麻痹，膀胱、肾间冷气攻冲背部脊柱，俯仰不利，风水毒肿，吐泻转筋，症癖刺痛，中恶心腹痛，鬼气疰忤，时行瘴疫，妇人血气痛。用天台乌药一百两，沉香五十两，人参三两，甘草（炙）四两，研为末。每次服用半钱，空腹用姜盐汤调服。（《太平惠民和剂局方》）一切气痛：不拘男女，冷气、血气、肥气、息贲气、伏梁气、奔豚气，抢心切痛，出冷汗，喘息欲绝。天台乌药（小的，酒浸一夜，炒）、茴香（炒）、青橘皮（去白，炒）、良姜（炒）等分，研为末。温酒、童便调服。（《卫生家宝方》）男妇诸病：香乌散：用香附、乌药等分，研为末。每次服用一、二钱。饮食不进，用姜枣汤送下；疟疾，用干姜、白盐汤送下；腹中有虫，用槟榔汤送下；头风虚肿，用茶汤送下；妇人冷气，用米饮送下；产后血攻心脾痛，用童便送下；妇人血海痛、男子疝气，用茴香汤送下。（《乾坤秘韫》）。小肠疝气：乌药一两，升麻八钱。水二钟，煎至一钟，露天放置一夜，空腹热服。（孙天仁《集效方》）。香港脚掣痛：乡村无药。初发时即取土乌药，不接触铁器，布擦去泥土，瓷瓦刮取药屑，好酒浸泡一夜。次日早晨空腹温服，腹泻即愈。加入少许麝香，更好。疼痛入腹者，将乌药同鸡蛋在瓦罐中水煮一天，取出鸡蛋，切片蘸药粉吃，用汤送下，效果很好。（《永类钤方》）。血痢泻血：乌药，烧存性，研末，陈米饭做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次米饮送下三十丸。（《普济方》）。
气厥头痛：不拘多少，及产后头痛。天台乌药、川芎等分，研为末。每次服用二钱，腊茶清调服。产后，用铁锤烧红淬酒调服。（《济生方》）。
一盏，先含在口中后咽下，吐出痰涎为愈。（《经验方》）。孕中有痈：洪州乌药（软白香辣者）五钱，水一盏，牛皮胶一片，同煎至七分，温服。这是龚彦德的方子。（《妇人良方》）。心腹气痛：乌药（水磨浓汁）一盏，入橘皮一片，苏叶一叶，煎服。（《集简方》）
嫩叶
【主治】烤干碾碎煎水代茶喝，补中益气，止小便滑数（陈藏器）。
【发明】李时珍说：乌药，下通少阴肾经，上理脾胃元气。所以丹溪朱氏加用乌药叶。
子
【主治】阴毒伤寒，腹痛欲死。取一合炒起黑烟，投入水中，煎三、五沸，服用一大盏，汗出阳气回复即痊愈（《斗门方》）。
【附录】研药曰：生长在南海各州的小树，叶子像花椒，根像乌药但圆小。根味苦，温，无毒。主治霍乱，下痢赤白，中恶蛊毒，腹内不调者。锉碎，用水
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
[Correction] Merged with "Zhen Cai" (Pillow Wood) from *Shi Yi*.
[Names] Wu Zhang (Hong Jing), KT
Shizhen said: There are two types of camphor trees, large and small, with purple and pale colors. This refers to the smaller type. According to Zheng Qiao's *Tong Zhi*: Diaozhang is also a type of camphor tree, which is what *Er Ya* calls "KT, wu ci" (fine texture without flaws). Furthermore, Sima Xiangru's fu mentions: "KT, Nan, Yu, Zhang". Yan Shigu's annotation states: Yu is Zhenmu (Pillow Wood), and Zhang is Zhangmu (Camphor Wood). These two woods can only be distinguished after growing for seven years. From this, Yu corresponds to the Diaozhang mentioned in *Bie Lu*. Its root smells like Wuyao, hence the alternative name Wuzhang.
[Collection of Explanations] Hongjing said: Diaozhang grows in Guiyang, Shaoling, and other places, also called Wuzhang.
Gong said: It grows in the deep valleys of Chenzhou. The tree is over one zhang high. The leaves resemble Nan leaves but are sharper and longer, with red hairs on the back, similar to the hairs on the back of Loquat leaves (*Eriobotryae Folium*). The root bark is harvested in August and September and dried.
Bing said: The root smells like Wuyao.
Cangqi said: Zhen grows in the valleys of Nanhai. It is used to make KT boats, ranked below Camphor wood.
Root Bark
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] For stopping bleeding from metal wounds, scrape the powder and apply externally; very effective (*Bie Lu*). Grind and take internally to treat Huoluan (Cholera-like disease) (Bing). Treat Ben Tun (Rushing Pig syndrome), Hongjiao (Foot Qi / Beriberi), and edema by decocting and drinking. It can also be used for bathing sores, scabies, tinea, and wind-induced pruritus, ground into powder for external application (Daming).
Stems and Leaves
[Indications] Placed on the door to ward off epidemic qi (Bing).
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Pangqi (*Shi Yi*),
Shizhen said: Named "Wu" (Black) for its color. Its leaves resemble crucian carp, hence commonly called [Fish-shaped] tree. *Shi Yi* writes it as "Pangqi", which is a dialectal phonetic error. Southerners also call it Aizhang (Dwarf Camphor) because its aroma resembles camphor.
[Collection of Explanations] Cangqi said: Wuyao grows in Lingnan, Yongzhou, Rongzhou, and Jiangnan. The tree resembles tea, over one zhang high. Each leaf cluster has three branches, green on top and white underneath. The root resembles Shan Shaoyao (Mountain Peony Root) and Wuzhang, black-brown in color, with patterns resembling chariot hubs, growing horizontally. Harvest roots in August. Straight roots are not suitable for use.
Song said: Now found in Taizhou, Leizhou, and Hengzhou, with those from Tiantai being superior. The wood resembles tea, five to seven chi high. Leaves are slightly round and pointed, green above, white below, with veins. Small yellow-white flowers bloom in April and May. Fruits form in June. Roots vary greatly in size, resembling Diaozhang roots. However, there are two types: those from Lingnan are black-brown and hard; those from Tiantai are white and spongy. Both are harvested in August. Roots with hub-like patterns and bead-like shapes are best. Some say Tiantai ones have a pleasant white fragrance but lack the potency of Hainan ones. Cheng said: The world considers Tiantai superior. Compared with those from Hongzhou and Hengzhou, Tiantai ones have inferior fragrance and efficacy. They are merely reddish in flesh and slightly smaller. Shizhen said: Very abundant in the mountains of Wu and Chu, often used as firewood. Roots and leaves are aromatic, but roots are not large, only as big as Shaoyao. Young seeds are green when raw and purple when ripe, with extremely thin shells. The kernel is aromatic and bitter.
Root
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
Haogu said: Aroma is stronger than flavor, belonging to Yang. Enters the Foot Yangming and Foot Shaoyin meridians.
[Indications] Treats sudden evil heart-ache and abdominal pain, Gu poison, Zhu-wu ghost qi, indigestion of retained food, epidemic miasma, cold qi attacking the back and spine from between the bladder and kidney, women's blood and qi disorders, and various worms in children's abdomens (Cangqi). Treats all qi stagnation and dispels all cold. Effective for Huoluan, regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, carbuncles, boils, scabies, and leprosy. Resolves both heat and cold conditions; its merits cannot be fully listed. Can be ground and taken for various diseases in cats and dogs (Daming). Regulates Yuan Qi (Haogu). Treats Zhong Qi (Middle Qi disorder), Hongjiao, hernia, Qi Jue headache, swelling, asthma, urgency, frequent urination, and leukorrhea (Shizhen).
[Invention/Analysis] Zong said: Wuyao has a mild nature, enters slowly, and disperses extensively, but is not overly harsh. When ground together with Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood) and taken as a decoction, it effectively treats cold qi in the chest and abdomen.
Shizhen said: Wuyao is pungent, warm, aromatic, and penetrating, capable of dispersing various qi stagnations. Therefore, in *Huimin Heji Jufang*, Wuyao Shunqi San is used for stroke and middle-qi syndromes to first soothe the qi; once qi flows smoothly, wind dissipates. In Yan Yonghe's *Jisheng Fang*, Simo Tang is used for emotional depression causing upper body asthma and urgency; it descends while ascending, drains while tonifying. The formula grinds Ren Shen (Ginseng), Wuyao, Chenxiang, and Binglang (Areca Seed) into thick juices, mixes them, and drinks slowly. In *Zhu Shi Jiyan Fang*, Suoquan Wan treats frequent urination due to deficiency-cold by combining Wuyao with Yizhi Zi (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit) in equal parts to enter the Yangming and Shaoyin meridians (see Yizhi Zi under Herbs).
[Attached Formulas] Eleven new formulas.
Wuchen Tang: Treats all qi stagnation and cold, tonifies five zang organs, regulates middle, strengthens yang, warms waist and knees, expels evil qi, cold wind numbness, cold qi between bladder and kidney attacking the back/spine causing difficulty bending/straightening, wind-water toxic swelling, vomiting/diarrhea with tendon twitching, mass/stabbing pain, sudden evil heart/abdominal pain, ghost qi/Zhu-wu, epidemic miasma, and women's blood/qi pain. Use 100 liang of Tiantai Wuyao, 50 liang of Chenxiang, 3 liang of Ren Shen, 4 liang of Gancao (Honey-fried), grind to powder. Take half a qian each time, mixed with ginger-salt water on an empty stomach (*Heji Jufang*). All Qi Pain: Regardless of gender, for cold qi, blood qi, Fei qi, Xiben qi, Fulian qi, Bentun qi, seizing heart with severe pain, cold sweat, gasping for breath. Use Tiantai Wuyao (small, soaked in wine overnight, fried), Huixiang (fried), Qing Ju Pi (white part removed, fried), Liangjiang (fried) in equal parts, grind to powder. Take with warm wine or child's urine (*Weisheng Jiabao Fang*). Men and Women's Various Diseases: Xiangwu San: Use Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) and Wuyao in equal parts, grind to powder. Take 1-2 qian each time. For poor appetite, take with ginger-date water; for malaria, with dried ginger-salt water; for intestinal worms, with Binglang water; for head wind swelling, with tea water; for women's cold qi, with rice drink; for postpartum blood attacking heart/spleen pain, with child's urine; for women's uterus pain/men's hernia, with Huixiang water (*Qiankun Mi Yun*). Small Intestine Hernia: 1 liang Wuyao, 8 qian Shengma. Decoct 2 zhong of water to 1 zhong, leave exposed overnight, drink hot on empty stomach (Sun Tianren *Ji Xiao Fang*). Hongjiao Cramping Pain: In villages without medicine. At onset, take local Wuyao, avoid iron, wipe dirt with cloth, scrape powder with porcelain tile, soak in good wine overnight. Next morning, drink warm on empty stomach; diarrhea stops immediately. Add a little She Xiang (Musk); even better. If pain enters abdomen, boil Wuyao with chicken egg in clay pot for one day, take egg, slice and dip in powder, swallow with soup; very effective (*Yong Lei Qian Fang*). Bloody Dysentery/Bleeding: Wuyao, burnt to retain character, ground, made into pills the size of Sophora seeds with aged rice paste. Take 30 pills with rice drink (*Pu Ji Fang*).
Qi Jue Headache: Any amount, including postpartum headache. Tiantai Wuyao and Chuanxiong in equal parts, grind to powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with winter tea clear liquid. Postpartum, mix with wine quenched with red-hot iron hammer (*Jisheng Fang*).
One cup, hold in mouth then swallow, cure when phlegm-saliva is expelled (*Jingyan Fang*). Abscess during Pregnancy: 5 qian Hongzhou Wuyao (soft, white, fragrant), one cup water, one piece of Niupijiao (Hide Glue), decoct to 7/10 strength, drink warm. This is Gong Yande's formula (*Furen Liangfang*). Heart-Abdominal Qi Pain: One cup of Wuyao (water-ground thick juice), add one piece of Ju Pi and one leaf of Suz Ye (Perilla Leaf), decoct and drink (*Ji Jian Fang*).
Young Leaves
[Indications] Roast, grind, decoct, and drink as tea; tonifies middle and benefits qi, stops slippery/frequent urination (Cangqi).
[Invention/Analysis] Shizhen said: Wuyao connects downward to the Shaoyin Kidney meridian and upward regulates Spleen-Stomach Yuan Qi. Hence, Danxi Zhu added Wuyao leaves.
Seeds
[Indications] Yin Du Shanghan (Yin-Toxin Cold Damage), abdominal pain nearing death. Take one he, stir-fry until black smoke rises, throw into water, boil for 3-5 boils, drink one large cup. Cure when sweat appears and yang returns (*Doumen Fang*).
[Appendix] Yan Yao says: Grows as small trees in various southern prefectures. Leaves resemble Sichuan pepper. Roots resemble Wuyao but are rounder and smaller. Root is bitter, warm, non-toxic. Treats Huoluan, bloody/non-bloody dysentery, sudden evil/Gu poison, internal disharmony. Chop, use water...