（《拾遗》）
【释名】白 （音腊）、 （音引）、贺。
时珍曰∶《尔雅》∶锡，谓之 。郭璞注云∶白 也。方术家谓之贺，盖锡以临贺出者为
美也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶锡，生桂阳山谷。
弘景曰∶今出临贺，犹是桂阳地界。铅与锡相似，而入用大异。
时珍曰∶锡出云南、衡州。许慎《说文》云∶锡者，银铅之间也。《土宿本草》云∶锡
受太阴之气而生，二百年不动成砒，砒二百年而锡始生。锡禀阴气，故其质柔。二百年不动，
遇太阳之气乃成银。今人置酒于新锡器内，浸渍日久或杀人者，以砒能化锡，岁月尚近，便
被采取，其中蕴毒故也。又曰∶砒乃锡根。银色而铅质，五金之中独锡易制，失其药则为五
金之贼，得其药则为五金之媒。《星槎胜览》言∶满刺加国，于山溪中淘沙取锡，不假煎炼
成块，名曰斗锡也。
【正误】恭曰∶临贺采者名铅，一名白 ，惟此一处资天下用。其锡，出银处皆有之。
体相似，而入用大异。
时珍曰∶苏恭不识铅、锡，以锡为铅，以铅为锡。其谓黄丹、胡粉为炒锡，皆由其不识
故也。
今正之。
【气味】甘，寒，微毒。独孤滔曰∶ 羊角、五灵脂、伏龙肝、马鞭草皆能缩贺。 、
砒能硬锡。巴豆、蓖麻、姜汁、地黄能制锡。松脂焊锡。锡矿缩银。
【主治】恶毒风疮（大明）。
【发明】时珍曰∶洪迈《夷坚志》云∶汝人多病瘿。地饶风沙，沙入井中，饮其水则生
瘿。故金房间人家，以锡为井阑，皆夹锡钱镇之，或沉锡井中，乃免此患。
【附方】新二。
解砒霜毒∶锡器，于粗石上磨水服之。（《济急方》）
杨梅毒疮∶黑铅、广锡各二钱半（结砂），蜈蚣二条，为末，纸卷作小捻，油浸一夜，
点
灯日照疮二次，七日见效。（《集玄方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】白锡（音同“腊”）、引锡（音同“引”）、贺。
李时珍说：《尔雅》记载：锡，被称为白锡。郭璞注释说：是白色的锡。方术家称之为贺，大概是因为以临贺出产的锡为最美。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：锡，产于桂阳的山谷中。
陶弘景说：现在产自临贺，仍然属于桂阳的地界。铅和锡外观相似，但入药用途大不相同。
李时珍说：锡产于云南、衡州。许慎在《说文解字》中说：锡，是介于银和铅之间的金属。《土宿本草》说：锡受太阴之气而生，两百年不移动就会变成砒霜，砒霜经过两百年又会重新生成锡。锡禀受阴气，所以它的质地柔软。两百年不移动，遇到太阳之气就会变成银。现在的人把酒放在新的锡器里，浸泡时间久了可能会致人死亡，这是因为砒霜能转化锡，由于年代尚近，就被开采出来，其中蕴藏毒性所致。又说：砒霜是锡的根本。锡色白而质如铅，在五金（金、银、铜、铁、锡）之中唯独锡容易冶炼，如果失去药物的制约就会成为五金中的贼害，如果得到药物的调和就会成为五金的媒介。《星槎胜览》记载：满剌加国，在山溪中淘沙取锡，不需要经过煎炼就能成块，叫做斗锡。
【正误】苏恭说：临贺开采出来的名叫铅，又名白锡，只有这一处供应天下使用。那种真正的锡，出产银的地方都有。它们的形体相似，但入药用途大不相同。
李时珍说：苏恭不认识铅和锡，把锡当作铅，把铅当作锡。他说黄丹、胡粉是炒锡制成的，都是因为他不认识的原因。
现在予以纠正。
【气味】味甘，性寒，微毒。独孤滔说：羊角、五灵脂、伏龙肝、马鞭草都能使贺锡收缩。贺锡和砒霜能使硬锡变硬。巴豆、蓖麻、姜汁、地黄能制约锡。松脂可以焊接锡。锡矿能收缩银。
【主治】恶毒风疮（出自《大明本草》）。
【发明】李时珍说：洪迈《夷坚志》记载：汝州人多患瘿病（甲状腺肿大）。当地风沙多，沙子进入井中，饮用这种水就会生瘿病。所以金房间的人家，用锡做井栏，都用夹有锡的钱币镇压它，或者将锡沉入井底，才能免除这种祸患。
【附方】新收录二方。
解除砒霜中毒：用锡器，在粗石上磨下锡水服用。（出自《济急方》）
杨梅毒疮：黑铅、广锡各二钱半（制成砂状），蜈蚣两条，研成粉末，用纸卷成小捻子，用油浸泡一夜，点灯照射疮口两次，七天见效。（出自《集玄方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Names] Baixi (White Tin, pronounced "La"), Yinyin (Lead Tin, pronounced "Yin"), He.
Li Shizhen states: *Erya* records that tin is called Baixi. Guo Pu's annotation says it is white tin. Alchemists call it He, likely because tin from Linhe is considered the finest.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* [Record of Famous Physicians] states: Tin is produced in the valleys of Guiyang.
Tao Hongjing says: It is now produced in Linhe, which still belongs to the jurisdiction of Guiyang. Lead and tin look similar, but their medicinal uses are vastly different.
Li Shizhen says: Tin is produced in Yunnan and Hengzhou. Xu Shen in *Shuowen Jiezi* [Explanations of Simple Graphs and Analysis of Compound Characters] states: Tin is a metal between silver and lead. *Tusux Bencao* [Materia Medica of Tu Su] states: Tin is born receiving the Qi of Great Yin; if left undisturbed for two hundred years, it turns into arsenic; after another two hundred years, arsenic generates tin again. Tin inherits Yin Qi, therefore its texture is soft. If left undisturbed for two hundred years and exposed to the Qi of Great Yang, it transforms into silver. Nowadays, people place wine in new tin vessels; if soaked for a long time, it may cause death. This is because arsenic can transform tin. Since the time elapsed is relatively short, it is mined, and thus contains hidden toxicity. It is also said that arsenic is the root of tin. Tin is silver-colored but has the quality of lead. Among the Five Metals [Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Tin], only tin is easy to smelt. Without proper medicinal regulation, it becomes a thief among the metals; with proper regulation, it becomes a medium for the metals. *Xingcha Shenglan* [Victorious Navigation] states: In the country of Malacca, tin is extracted by washing sand in mountain streams without the need for smelting, forming blocks known as Douxi.
[Correction of Errors] Su Gong says: The material mined in Linhe is named lead, also called Baixi, and this single source supplies the entire world. True tin is found wherever silver is produced. Their physical forms are similar, but their medicinal applications are vastly different.
Li Shizhen says: Su Gong did not distinguish between lead and tin, mistaking tin for lead and lead for tin. His claim that Huangdan [Red Lead] and Hufen [Cerussa] are made from fried tin stems entirely from his lack of knowledge.
This is now corrected.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cold, slightly toxic. Dugu Tao says: Sheep horn, Wulingzhi [Trogopterus Dung], Fulonggan [Pillared Earth], and Mabianncao [Verbena officinalis] can all cause He tin to contract. He tin and arsenic can harden tin. Badou [Croton Seed], Bimazu [Castor Bean], Jiangzhi [Ginger Juice], and Dihuang [Rehmannia Root] can control tin. Songzhi [Pine Resin] is used to solder tin. Tin ore can shrink silver.
[Indications] Toxic wind sores (from *Daming Bencao*).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: Hong Mai's *Yijian Zhi* [Records of Hearing and Seeing] states: People in Ruzhou often suffer from goiter. The land is rich in wind and sand; sand enters the wells, and drinking this water causes goiter. Therefore, households in Jinfang use tin for well rims, suppressing them with coins containing tin, or sinking tin into the well to avoid this affliction.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
To resolve Arsenic Poisoning: Use a tin vessel, grind it on a coarse stone to obtain tin water, and drink it. (*Jiji Fang* [Urgent Emergency Formulas])
For Chancre (Syphilis): Black lead and Guangxi tin, each 2.5 qian (processed into powder), two centipedes, ground into powder, rolled into small paper twists, soaked in oil overnight, then applied to the sore twice under lamp light. Visible effects appear within seven days. (*Jixuan Fang*)