（《拾遗》）
【释名】鼹鼠（音偃）、偃鼠
【集解】弘景注鼹鼠曰∶诸山林中，有兽大如水牛，形似猪，灰赤色，下脚似象，胸前
尾上皆白，有力而钝，亦名隐鼠。人取食之，肉亦似牛，多以作脯。乃云是鼠王，其精溺一
滴落地，辄成一鼠，灾年则多出也。
藏器曰∶此是兽类，非鼠之俦。大如牛而前脚短，皮入 辔用。《庄子》所谓鼹鼠饮河，
不过满腹者。陶言是鼠王，精滴成鼠。遍访山人无其说，亦不能土中行。此乃妄说，陶误信
尔。颂曰∶鼹鼠出沧州及胡中。似牛而鼠首黑足，大者千斤。多伏于水，又能堰水放沫。彼
人食其肉。
时珍曰∶按《异物志》云∶鼠母头脚似鼠，口锐毛苍，大如水牛而畏狗。见则主水灾
。《晋
书》云∶宣城郡出隐鼠，大如牛，形似鼠，脚类象而驴蹄。毛灰赤色，胸前尾上白色。有
力而钝。《金楼子》云∶晋宁县境出大鼠，状如牛，土人谓之偃鼠。时出山游，毛落田间，
悉成小鼠，苗稼尽耗。《梁书》云∶倭国有山鼠如牛，又有大蛇能吞之。据此则隐鼠非无，
而陶说有本；诸家辟之太甚者，未深考耳。又《尔雅》云∶ 身似鼠而马蹄，长须而贼，一
岁千斤，秦人谓之“小驴”者，即此物也。
膏
【主治】痔 恶疮（陶弘景）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】鼹鼠（读音同“偃”）、偃鼠
【集解】陶弘景注释说：在各地的山林中，有一种野兽大如水牛，形状像猪，毛色灰赤，下脚像大象，胸前和尾巴上面都是白色的，力气大但行动迟钝，也叫做隐鼠。人们捕捉它来食用，它的肉也像牛肉一样，常被制作成肉干。有人说它是鼠王，它的精液滴落一滴在地上，就会变成一只老鼠，灾荒年份这类老鼠就特别多。
陈藏器说：这是兽类，不是老鼠一类。它大得像牛但前脚短，皮可以用作马缰绳的装饰。《庄子》里所说的“鼹鼠饮河，不过满腹”指的就是这种动物。陶弘景说它是鼠王，精液滴落能变成老鼠。我遍访山中人也没有听到这种说法，而且它也不能在土中行走。这完全是妄言，是陶弘景误信了罢了。苏颂说：鼹鼠出产于沧州及胡地一带。样子像牛但头像老鼠、脚是黑色的，大的重达千斤。它们多潜伏在水中，又能筑坝拦水并吐出泡沫。当地的人吃它们的肉。
李时珍说：查考《异物志》记载：母鼠的头和脚像老鼠，嘴尖毛色青苍，大如水牛但害怕狗。出现这种动物预示着将发生水灾。《晋书》记载：宣城郡出产隐鼠，大如牛，形状像鼠，脚像大象但蹄子像驴。毛色灰赤，胸前和尾巴上白色。有力气但迟钝。《金楼子》记载：晋宁县境内出产大老鼠，状如牛，当地人称之为偃鼠。时常出来在山中游荡，毛发落在田间，都变成小老鼠，庄稼都被吃光。《梁书》记载：倭国有山鼠像牛，又有大蛇能吞食它。根据这些记载，则隐鼠并非不存在，而陶弘景的说法是有依据的；各家驳斥得太厉害的，是没有深入考证罢了。另外《尔雅》记载：身体像鼠但蹄子像马，长胡须且有害，一年重达千斤，秦地人称之为“小驴”的，就是这种动物。
【膏】
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**[Names]** Yan Shu (Mole), also known as Yan Shu.
**[Collected Explanations]** Tao Hongjing commented: In various mountain forests, there is a beast as large as a water buffalo, resembling a pig in shape, with grayish-red fur. Its hind feet resemble those of an elephant, while its chest and the upper part of its tail are white. It is strong but slow-moving, and is also called Yin Shu (Hidden Mouse). People capture it for food; its meat resembles beef and is often made into dried jerky. Some claim it is the "King of Mice," stating that a single drop of its essence falling on the ground instantly transforms into a mouse, and such mice appear in abundance during years of disaster.
Chen Cangqi stated: This is a beast, not belonging to the rat family. It is as large as a cow but has short forelegs, and its hide is used for horse tack decorations. The phrase in *Zhuangzi*, "The mole drinks from the river, yet fills only its belly," refers to this animal. Tao Hongjing claimed it was the King of Mice, capable of generating mice from drops of essence. Having consulted many people living in the mountains, I found no such account, nor can it move through soil. This is a baseless assertion; Tao Hongjing was misled by false information. Su Song said: Yan Shu originates from Cangzhou and Hu regions. It resembles a cow but has a rat-like head and black feet; some weigh up to a thousand jin. They often lurk in water and can build dams to block water flow, producing foam. Locals consume their meat.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Yiwuzhi* [Records of Strange Things], the female rat has a head and feet like a common mouse, a sharp mouth, and grayish-black fur. It is as large as a water buffalo but fears dogs. Its appearance portends floods. *Jin Shu* [Book of Jin] records that Yin Shu is produced in Xuancheng Commandery, as large as a cow, shaped like a rat, with feet resembling an elephant but hooves like a donkey. The fur is grayish-red, with white patches on the chest and tail. It is strong but sluggish. *Jinlouzi* [Golden Tower Book] records that giant rats are found in Jinning County, resembling cows, locally called Yan Shu. They frequently wander out of the mountains; when their hair falls onto fields, it turns into small mice, devouring all crops. *Liang Shu* [Book of Liang] records that in Wa (Japan), there are mountain rats as large as cows, and giant snakes that can swallow them. Based on these accounts, Yin Shu does exist, and Tao’s statement has a basis; other scholars who refuted it too vehemently failed to conduct deep investigations. Furthermore, *Erya* [Ancient Dictionary] states: An animal with a body like a rat but horse-like hooves, long whiskers, and harmful nature, weighing a thousand jin per year, referred to by Qin people as "Little Donkey," is indeed this creature.
**[Ointment]**
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Treats hemorrhoids and malignant sores (Tao Hongjing).