（音偃。《别录》下品）
【释名】田鼠（《礼记》）、鼢鼠（音愤）、
时珍曰∶田鼠偃行地中，能壅土成坌，故得诸名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鼹鼠在土中行。五月取令干，燔之。
弘景曰∶此即鼢鼠也，一名隐鼠。形如鼠大，而无尾黑色，尖鼻甚强，常穿地中行，讨
掘即得。今山林中别有大如水牛者，一名隐鼠。
藏器曰∶隐鼠，阴穿地中而行，见日月光则死，于深山林木下土中有之。其大如牛者，
名同物异耳。
颂曰∶处处田垄间多有之。《月令》田鼠化为 者即此。其形类鼠而肥，多膏。旱岁为
田害。
宗 曰∶鼹，脚绝短，但能行。尾长寸许，目极小，项尤短。最易取，或安竹弓射取饲
鹰。陶引如水牛者释之，误矣。
时珍曰∶许慎言鼢乃伯劳所化。《月令》季春田鼠化为 ，《夏小正》八月 为鼠，是二
物交化，如鹰、鸠然也。 乃鹑类。隆庆辛未夏秋大水，蕲、黄濒江之地，鼢鼠遍野，皆栉
鱼所化。芦稼之根，啮食殆尽，则鼢之化，不独一种也。
肉
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】燔之，疗痈疽、诸 蚀恶疮、阴 烂疮（《别录》）。
久食去风，主疮疥痔 （藏器）。治风热久积，血脉不行，结成痈疽，食之可消。又小
儿食之，杀蛔虫（苏颂）。
膏
【主治】摩诸恶疮（藏器）。
粪
【主治】蛇虺螫伤肿痛，研末，猪脂调涂（时珍）。
壤土 见土部。
（读音为“偃”。收录于《名医别录》下品。）
【释名】田鼠（出自《礼记》）、鼢鼠（音同“愤”）。
李时珍说：田鼠在地下匍匐前行，能堆积泥土形成土堆，因此得名。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：鼹鼠在土壤中穿行。五月采集并使其干燥，然后焚烧使用。
陶弘景说：这就是鼢鼠，又名隐鼠。形状像老鼠但体型较大，没有尾巴，毛色黑色，鼻子尖且非常强壮，常在地下穿行，挖掘即可找到。如今山林中另外有一种大如水牛的动物，也叫隐鼠。
藏器说：隐鼠在阴暗中穿地而行，见到日月之光就会死亡，生长在深山树林下的土壤中。那种大如牛形的，只是名称相同而实物不同罢了。
苏颂说：各地的田垄间多有这种动物。《礼记·月令》中提到的“田鼠化为鴽”指的就是这种。它的形状像老鼠但身体肥壮，油脂多。干旱年份会成为农田的害兽。
寇宗奭说：鼹鼠脚极短，只能行走。尾巴长约一寸，眼睛极小，脖子尤其短。最容易捕捉，有人安置竹弓射杀它来喂养鹰。陶弘景引用大如水牛的动物来解释，是错误的。
李时珍说：许慎说鼢鼠是由伯劳鸟变化而来的。《礼记·月令》说季春时节田鼠化为鴽，《夏小正》说八月鴽变为鼠，这是两种生物相互转化，就像鹰化为鸠一样。鴽属于鹌鹑一类。隆庆辛未年夏秋之际发大水，蕲州、黄州沿江之地，鼢鼠遍野，都是被鱼所化。芦苇和庄稼的根茎被啃食殆尽，那么鼢鼠的变化，并不只有一种来源。
【肉】
【气味】味咸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】焚烧后使用，治疗痈疽、各种腐蚀性的恶疮、阴部溃烂的疮疡（出自《名医别录》）。
长期食用可祛风，主治疮疥痔疮（出自藏器）。治疗风热久积导致的气血运行不畅，凝结成痈疽，食用后可消散。另外，小儿食用可杀灭蛔虫（出自苏颂）。
【粪】
【主治】治疗毒蛇咬伤引起的肿痛，研磨成粉末，用猪油调和后涂抹（出自李时珍）。
【壤土】参见“土部”。
(Pronounced "Yan". Recorded in the Lower Category of *Bie Lu* [Separate Record].)
[Names] Field Mouse (from *Li Ji* [Book of Rites]), Fen Shu (Pinyin: Fén Shǔ, meaning "Fen Mouse", pronounced "Fèn").
Shizhen said: The field mouse moves underground in a prone position and can pile up soil to form mounds; hence it derives these names.
[Collected Explanations] *Bie Lu* states: Yan Shu lives and moves within the soil. It is collected in the fifth month, dried, and then roasted/burned.
Hongjing said: This is the Fen Shu, also known as Yin Shu (Hidden Mouse). Its shape resembles a large mouse but lacks a tail; it is black with a sharp, strong nose, and often travels through the ground, where it can be found by digging. Currently, there is another creature in the mountains and forests that is as large as a water buffalo, also called Yin Shu.
Cangqi said: Yin Shu moves underground in darkness and dies upon exposure to sunlight or moonlight; it is found in the soil under deep forest trees. Those as large as cattle are merely sharing the name but are different species.
Song said: They are abundant in field ridges everywhere. What *Yue Ling* [Monthly Ordinances] refers to as "field mice transforming into Ru" [a type of bird] is this animal. Its shape resembles a mouse but is fat and rich in grease. In drought years, it becomes a pest to fields.
Zong said: Yan Shu has extremely short feet and can only walk. Its tail is about one cun long, its eyes are very small, and its neck is particularly short. It is easiest to catch; some set bamboo bows to shoot them for feeding to eagles. Tao Hongjing's citation of the water-buffalo-sized creature as an explanation was erroneous.
Shizhen said: Xu Shen stated that Fen Shu transforms from the Shrike (*Bolao*). *Yue Ling* states that in late spring, field mice transform into Ru, while *Xia Xiao Zheng* [Small Calendar of Summer] states that in August, Ru transforms into mice. This indicates mutual transformation between two species, similar to how hawks transform into turtledoves. Ru belongs to the quail family. During the summer and autumn floods of the Xinwei year of Longqing, Fen Shu were ubiquitous along the rivers in Qizhou and Huangzhou, all having transformed from fish. The roots of reeds and crops were gnawed away almost completely, indicating that the transformation of Fen Shu does not originate from just one source.
[Meat]
[Properties and Flavors] Salty, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] When roasted/burned, it treats carbuncles and sores, various corrosive malignant ulcers, and ulcerating sores in the genital area (*Bie Lu*).
Long-term consumption dispels wind and primarily treats skin sores, scabies, and hemorrhoids (Cangqi). It treats chronic accumulation of wind-heat causing stagnation of blood vessels, which condenses into carbuncles and sores; consumption can resolve them. Additionally, when consumed by children, it kills roundworms (Su Song).
[Paste/Ointment]
[Indications] Applied topically to treat various malignant ulcers (Cangqi).
[Feces]
[Indications] Treats swelling and pain caused by viper bites; grind into powder and mix with lard for topical application (Shizhen).
[Loam/Soil] See the section on Earth.