（《本经》下品）
【释名】草蒿（《本经》）、 方溃（《本经》）、 （音牵去声）、 蒿 （《蜀本》）、
香蒿（《衍义》）。
保升曰∶草蒿，江东人呼为 蒿，为其气臭似 也。北人呼为青蒿。《尔雅》云∶蒿，
也。孙炎注云∶荆楚之间，谓蒿为 。郭璞注云∶今人呼青蒿香中炙啖者为 ，是也。
时珍曰∶《晏子》云∶蒿，草之高者也。按《尔雅》诸蒿，独 得单称为蒿，岂以诸蒿
叶背皆白，而此蒿独青，异于诸蒿故耶？
【集解】《别录》曰∶青蒿生华阴川泽。
弘景曰∶处处有之，即今青蒿，人亦取杂香菜食之。
保升曰∶嫩时醋淹为菹，自然香。叶似茵陈蒿而背不白，高四尺许。四月、五月采，日
干入药。《诗》云∶呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿。即此蒿也。
颂曰∶青蒿春生苗，叶极细，可食。至夏高四、五尺。秋后开细淡黄花，花下便结子，
如粟米大，八、九月采子，阴干。根、茎、子、叶并入药用，干者炙作饮香尤佳。
宗 曰∶青蒿得春最早，人剔以为蔬，根赤叶香。沈括《梦溪笔谈》云∶青蒿一类，自
有二种∶一种黄色，一种青色。本草谓之青蒿，亦有所别也。陕西银绥之间，蒿丛中时有一
两窠，迥然青色者，土人谓之香蒿。茎叶与常蒿一同，但常蒿色淡青，此蒿深青，如松桧之
色。至深秋余蒿并黄，此蒿犹青，其气芬芳。恐古人所用，以深青者为胜。不然，诸蒿何尝
不青？
时珍曰∶青蒿，二月生苗，茎粗如指而肥软，茎叶色并深青。其叶微似茵陈，而面背俱
青。其根白硬。七八月开细黄花颇香。结实大如麻子，中有细子。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，惟中为妙，到膝即仰，到腰即俯。使子勿使叶，使根勿使茎，四
件若同使，翻然成痼疾。采得叶，用七岁儿七个溺，浸七日七夜，漉出晒干。
叶、茎、根、子
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶伏硫黄。
【主治】疥瘙痂痒恶疮，杀虱，治留热在骨节间，明目（《本经》）。鬼气尸疰伏连，妇
人血气，腹内满，及冷热久痢。秋冬用子，春夏用苗，并捣汁服。亦曝干为末，小便入酒和
服（藏器）。补中益气，轻身补劳，驻颜色，长毛发，令黑不老，兼去蒜发，杀风毒。心痛
热
黄，生捣汁服，并贴之（大明）。治疟疾寒热（时珍）。生捣敷金疮，止血止疼良（苏恭）。
烧灰
隔纸淋汁，和锻石煎，治恶疮息肉 瘢（孟诜）。
【发明】颂曰∶青蒿治骨蒸热劳为最，古方单用之。
时珍曰∶青蒿得春木少阳之气最早，故所主之证，皆少阳、厥阴血分之病也。按《月令
通纂》，言伏内庚日，采青蒿悬于门庭内，可辟邪气。阴干为末，冬至、元旦各服二钱亦良
。观此，则青蒿之治鬼疰伏尸，盖亦有所伏也。
【附方】旧四，新十四。
男妇劳瘦∶青蒿细锉，水三升，童子小便五升，同煎取二升半。去滓入器中煎成膏，丸
如梧子大。每空心及卧时，温酒吞下二十丸。（《斗门方》）
虚劳寒热，肢体倦疼，不拘男妇∶八、九月青蒿成实时采之，去枝梗，以童子小便浸三
日，晒干为末。每服二钱，乌梅一个，煎汤服。（《灵苑方》）
骨蒸鬼气∶童子小便五大斗（澄清），青蒿五斗（八、九月拣带子者最好，细锉）。相和，
纳大
釜中，以猛火煎取三大斗，去滓，溉釜令净，再以微火煎可二大斗，入猪胆一枚，同煎一大
斗半，去火待冷，以瓷器盛之。每欲服时，取甘草二、三两，炙熟为末，以煎和捣千杵为丸。
空腹粥饮下二十丸，渐增至三十丸止。（崔元亮《海上方》）
骨蒸烦热∶青蒿一握，猪胆汁一枚，杏仁四十个（去皮尖，炒）。以童子小便一大盏，
煎五分，空心温服。（《十便良方》）
虚劳盗汗，烦热口干∶用青蒿一斤（取汁熬膏），入人参末、麦门冬末各一两，熬至可
丸，丸如梧子大，每食后米饮服二十丸，名青蒿丸。（《圣方总录》）
疟疾寒热∶《肘后方》∶用青蒿一握，水二升，捣汁服之。《仁存方》∶用五月五日天未明
时采
青蒿（阴干）四两，桂心一两。为末。未发前，酒服二钱。《经验方》∶用端午日采青蒿叶（阴
干），桂心等分。为末。每服一钱，先寒用热酒；先热用冷酒，发日五更服之。切忌发物。
温疟痰甚，但热不寒∶用青蒿二两（童子小便浸焙），黄丹半两，为末。每服二钱，白汤调
下。（《仁存方》）
赤白痢下∶五月五日采青蒿、艾叶等分，同豆豉捣作饼，日干，名蒿豉丹。每用一饼，
以水一盏半煎服。（《圣济总录》）
鼻中衄血∶青蒿捣汁服之，并塞鼻中，极验。（《卫生易简方》）
酒痔便血∶青蒿（用叶不用茎，用茎不用叶），为末。粪前冷水，粪后水酒调服。（《永
类钤方》）
金疮扑损∶《肘后方》∶用青蒿捣封之，血止则愈。一方∶用青蒿、麻叶、锻石等分，五
月五日捣和晒干。临时为末，搽之。
牙齿肿痛∶青蒿一握，煎水漱之。（《济急方》）
毒蜂螫人∶嚼青蒿封之即安。（《肘后方》）
耳出浓汁∶青蒿末，绵裹纳耳中。（《圣惠方》）
鼻中息肉∶青蒿灰、锻石等分，淋汁熬膏点之。（《圣济总录》）
子
【气味】甘，冷，无毒。
【主治】明目开胃，炒用。治劳瘦，壮健人小便浸用之。治恶疮疥癣风疹，煎水洗之（
大明）。治鬼气，为末酒服方寸匕（孟诜）。功同叶（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
积热眼涩∶三月三日或五月五日，采青蒿花或子，阴干为末，每井华水空心服二钱。久
服明目，可夜看书，名青蒿散。（《十便良方》）
节间虫∶见虫部。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】草蒿（出自《神农本草经》）、方溃（出自《神农本草经》）、[音牵去声]、[蒿字缺笔]（出自《蜀本》）、香蒿（出自《证类本草·衍义》）。
苏颂曰：草蒿，江东地区的人称之为[音牵去声]蒿，因为它的臭味类似于[音牵去声]。北方人称之为青蒿。《尔雅》中说：蒿，就是[音牵去声]。孙炎注释说：在荆楚一带，人们称蒿为[音牵去声]。郭璞注释说：现在人们称呼那种香气适宜烤熟食用的青蒿为[音牵去声]，指的就是这种。
李时珍曰：《晏子春秋》中说：蒿，是草中高大的种类。考察《尔雅》中的各种蒿，唯独[音牵去声]可以单独称为“蒿”，难道是因为其他蒿的叶背都是白色的，而这种蒿独自呈青色，不同于其他蒿的缘故吗？
陶弘景说：到处都有生长，就是现在的青蒿，人们也常把它混杂在蔬菜中食用。
苏颂说：嫩的时候用醋腌制成菹（酸菜），自然有香味。叶子像茵陈蒿但叶背不白，高度约四尺。四月、五月采集，晒干入药。《诗经》中说：“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿。”指的就是这种蒿。
苏颂说：青蒿春天生苗，叶子极细，可以食用。到了夏天长到四五尺高。秋天后开出细小的淡黄色花，花下便结籽，像粟米那么大，八月、九月采集种子，阴干。根、茎、子、叶都入药，干燥后烤热做饮品香气更佳。
寇宗奭说：青蒿得春气最早，人们剔除它作为蔬菜，根部发红，叶子有香气。沈括《梦溪笔谈》中说：青蒿这一类，自有两种：一种黄色，一种青色。本草中称为青蒿，也有所区别。陕西银州、绥州之间，蒿丛中时常有一两丛，迥然不同地呈现青色，当地人称之为香蒿。茎叶与普通的蒿相同，只是普通蒿颜色淡青，这种蒿深青色，像松柏的颜色。到了深秋其余的蒿都变黄，这种蒿仍然青翠，气味芬芳。恐怕古人所用的，以深青色的为优。否则，各种蒿何尝不青呢？
李时珍说：青蒿二月生苗，茎粗如手指且肥软，茎叶颜色都深青。其叶微似茵陈，但正面背面都青。其根白色坚硬。七八月开细小的黄花，颇香。结实大如麻子，里面有细小的种子。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，以中间部分为妙，到膝盖处就向上仰，到腰部就向下俯。用子不用叶，用根不用茎，如果四件一同使用，反而会导致顽固疾病。采集来的叶子，用七岁男孩的七个尿桶的尿液，浸泡七天七夜，滤出晒干。
叶、茎、根、子
李时珍说：能伏制硫黄。
【主治】疥瘙痂痒恶疮，杀虱，治疗骨节间的留热，明目（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗鬼气尸疰伏连，妇女血气病，腹内胀满，以及冷热久痢。秋冬用子，春夏用苗，并捣汁服用。也可以曝晒干燥研为末，加入小便和酒一起服用（出自《新修本草·藏器条》）。补中益气，轻身补劳，驻颜，促进头发生长，使头发黑而不老，兼去蒜发，杀风毒。心痛热黄，生捣汁服用，并外贴（出自《新修本草·大明条》）。治疗疟疾寒热（李时珍）。生捣敷金疮，止血止痛效果好（苏恭）。烧灰隔纸淋取汁液，和锻石煎煮，治疗恶疮息肉瘢痕（孟诜）。
李时珍说：青蒿得春木少阳之气最早，所以所主治的病证，都是少阳、厥阴血分的病。考察《月令通纂》，说在伏天庚日，采集青蒿悬挂在门庭内，可以辟除邪气。阴干研为末，冬至、元旦各服用二钱也很好。看这些记载，那么青蒿治疗鬼疰伏尸，大概也是有所依据的。
【附方】旧方四个，新方十四个。
男妇劳瘦：青蒿细锉，水三升，童子小便五升，同煎取二升半。去渣放入容器中煎成膏，丸如梧桐子大。每次空腹及睡觉时，温酒吞服二十丸。（《斗门方》）
虚劳寒热，肢体倦疼，不拘男女：八、九月青蒿结实时采集，去枝梗，用童子小便浸泡三天，晒干研为末。每次服用二钱，乌梅一个，煎汤送服。（《灵苑方》）
骨蒸鬼气：童子小便五大斗（澄清），青蒿五斗（八、九月挑选带子的最好，细锉）。混合，放入大釜中，用猛火煎取三大斗，去渣，清洗釜干净，再用微火煎至可两大斗，加入猪胆一枚，同煎一大斗半，离火待冷，用瓷器盛装。每次欲服用时，取甘草二、三两，炙熟研为末，用煎液调和捣千杵为丸。空腹粥饮下二十丸，逐渐增至三十丸止。（崔元亮《海上方》）
骨蒸烦热：青蒿一握，猪胆汁一枚，杏仁四十个（去皮尖，炒）。用童子小便一大盏，煎至五分，空腹温服。（《十便良方》）
虚劳盗汗，烦热口干：用青蒿一斤（取汁熬膏），加入人参末、麦门冬末各一两，熬至可丸，丸如梧桐子大，每饭后米饮服二十丸，名为青蒿丸。（《圣方总录》）
疟疾寒热：《肘后方》：用青蒿一握，水二升，捣汁服用。《仁存方》：用五月五日天未明时采青蒿（阴干）四两，桂心一两。研为末。未发作前，酒服二钱。《经验方》：用端午日采青蒿叶（阴干），桂心等分。研为末。每次服用一钱，先寒用热酒；先热用冷酒，发作日五更服之。切忌发物。
温疟痰甚，但热不寒：用青蒿二两（童子小便浸焙），黄丹半两，研为末。每次服用二钱，白开水调下。（《仁存方》）
赤白痢下：五月五日采青蒿、艾叶等分，同豆豉捣作饼，日干，名为蒿豉丹。每次用一饼，以水一盏半煎服。（《圣济总录》）
鼻中衄血：青蒿捣汁服用，并塞鼻中，极有效验。（《卫生易简方》）
酒痔便血：青蒿（用叶不用茎，用茎不用叶），研为末。便前冷水，便后水酒调服。（《永类钤方》）
金疮扑损：《肘后方》：用青蒿捣封之，血止则愈。另一方：用青蒿、麻叶、锻石等分，五月五日捣和晒干。临时研为末，搽之。
牙齿肿痛：青蒿一握，煎水漱之。（《济急方》）
毒蜂螫人：嚼青蒿封之即安。（《肘后方》）
耳出浓汁：青蒿末，绵裹纳耳中。（《圣惠方》）
子
【气味】味甘，性冷，无毒。
【主治】明目开胃，炒用。治疗劳瘦，壮健人小便浸用之。治疗恶疮疥癣风疹，煎水洗之（出自《新修本草·大明条》）。治疗鬼气，研为末酒服方寸匕（孟诜）。功效同叶（李时珍）。
【附方】新方一个。
积热眼涩：三月三日或五月五日，采青蒿花或子，阴干研为末，每井华水空心服二钱。久服明目，可夜看书，名为青蒿散。（《十便良方》）
节间虫：见虫部。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names:** Caohao (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Fangkui (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), [Pronounced 'Qian' with falling tone], [Character missing], Xianghao (from *Yanyi* in *Zhenglei Bencao*).
Su Song stated: Caohao is called [Pronounced 'Qian'] hao in the Jiangdong region because its odor resembles that of [Pronounced 'Qian']. People in the North call it Qinghao (*Artemisia annua*). The *Erya* states: Hao is [Pronounced 'Qian']. Sun Yan's annotation says: In the Jingchu area, people refer to hao as [Pronounced 'Qian']. Guo Pu's annotation says: What people now call the green mugwort with a fragrance suitable for roasting and eating is [Pronounced 'Qian'], which refers to this plant.
Li Shizhen stated: The *Yanzi Chunqiu* says: Hao is a tall type of grass. Examining the various haos in the *Erya*, only [Pronounced 'Qian'] can be singly referred to as "Hao." Could it be because the undersides of the leaves of other haos are white, whereas this one is uniquely green, differing from other haos?
**Collection and Description:** The *Bielu* states: Qinghao grows in the river marshes of Huayin.
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows everywhere; it is the current Qinghao, which people also mix with vegetables for consumption.
Su Song stated: When tender, it can be pickled in vinegar to make zu (pickles), naturally fragrant. The leaves resemble Yinchenhao (*Artemisia capillaris*) but lack the white underside, growing about four chi high. Harvested in April and May, dried in the sun for medicinal use. The *Book of Songs* states: "The deer bleat youyou, feeding on wild hao." This refers to this specific hao.
Su Song stated: Qinghao sprouts in spring with very fine leaves that are edible. By summer, it reaches four or five chi in height. After autumn, it blooms with small pale yellow flowers, forming seeds underneath like millet grains. Seeds are harvested in August and September and dried in the shade. Roots, stems, seeds, and leaves are all used medicinally; when dried and roasted for tea, the aroma is particularly excellent.
Kou Zongshi stated: Qinghao receives the spring qi earliest; people trim it as a vegetable, with red roots and fragrant leaves. Shen Kuo's *Mengxi Bitan* notes: There are two types within the Qinghao category: one yellow, one green. The materia medica calls it Qinghao, distinguishing between them. Between Yinzhou and Suizhou in Shaanxi, among the haos, there are occasionally one or two clumps that are distinctly green, locally called Xianghao. Its stems and leaves are identical to common hao, but while common hao is pale green, this one is deep green, resembling pine or cypress. By late autumn, when other haos turn yellow, this one remains green, with a fragrant odor. Perhaps what ancients used favored the deep green variety. Otherwise, how could other haos not be green?
Li Shizhen stated: Qinghao sprouts in February; the stem is as thick as a finger, fat and soft, with deep green stems and leaves. The leaves slightly resemble Yinchenhao, but both sides are green. The root is white and hard. It blooms with small yellow flowers in July and August, quite fragrant. The fruit is as large as hemp seeds, containing fine inner seeds.
**Processing:** Lei Xiao stated: For usage, the middle part is best; at the knee level it angles upward, at the waist it bends downward. Use the seed, not the leaf; use the root, not the stem. If all four parts are used together, it may cause stubborn diseases. For collected leaves, soak them in the urine of seven seven-year-old boys for seven days and nights, then filter and dry.
Leaves, Stems, Roots, Seeds
**Flavor and Properties:** Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: It can stabilize sulfur.
**Indications:** Scabies, itching, crusts, malignant sores; kills lice; treats lingering heat in bone joints; brightens the eyes (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats ghostly qi, corpse infection, and lingering pathogens; women's blood and qi disorders; abdominal fullness; and chronic dysentery of cold or hot nature. Use seeds in autumn and winter, seedlings in spring and summer, crushed and taken as juice. Alternatively, dry and powder, mixed with urine and wine for ingestion (from *Xinxiu Bencao* by Zang Jing). Tonifies the center and supplements qi; lightens the body and relieves fatigue; preserves complexion; promotes hair growth, keeping it black and youthful; removes garlic-like hair; kills wind toxins. Heart pain with heat and jaundice: crush fresh and take juice, apply externally (from *Xinxiu Bencao* by Li Ding). Treats malaria chills and fever (Li Shizhen). Crush fresh and apply to metal wounds; effectively stops bleeding and pain (Su Gong). Burn to ash, drip liquid through paper, decoct with Duan Shi (calcined alum/mineral), treat malignant sores, polyps, and scars (Meng Shen).
**Elucidation:** Su Song stated: Qinghao is most effective for treating bone-steaming heat deficiency syndromes; ancient formulas use it alone.
Li Shizhen stated: Qinghao receives the shaoyang qi of spring wood earliest; thus, the conditions it treats are all disorders of the shaoyang and jueyin blood levels. According to the *Yueling Tongzuan*, on geng days during the dog days, collecting Qinghao and hanging it at the door can ward off evil qi. Dried in shade, powdered, and taken as two qian on Winter Solstice and New Year's Day is also beneficial. Observing this, the treatment of ghostly infections by Qinghao seems to have some basis.
**Attached Prescriptions:** Four old, fourteen new.
Male and female consumptive emaciation: Finely chop Qinghao, add three sheng of water and five sheng of boy's urine, decoct to obtain two and a half sheng. Remove dregs, boil into a paste, form pills the size of wutong seeds. Swallow twenty pills with warm wine on an empty stomach and before bed (*Doumen Fang*).
Deficiency consumption with chills and fever, limb fatigue and pain, regardless of gender: Harvest when Qinghao fruits in August and September, remove branches, soak in boy's urine for three days, dry and powder. Take two qian per dose, decoct one dark plum in water, and take orally (*Lingyuan Fang*).
Bone-steaming ghostly qi: Five dou of clarified boy's urine, five dou of Qinghao (preferably with seeds harvested in Aug/Sep, finely chopped). Mix in a large cauldron, boil fiercely to reduce to three dou, remove dregs, clean the cauldron, simmer gently to two dou, add one pig gallbladder, decoct together to one and a half dou. Remove from fire, cool, store in porcelain. To take, roast two to three liang of licorice root, powder it, mix with the decoction, pound a thousand times to form pills. Take twenty pills with porridge drink on an empty stomach, gradually increasing to thirty pills (*Hai Shang Fang* by Cui Yuanliang).
Bone-steaming irritability and heat: One handful of Qinghao, one pig gallbladder, forty apricot kernels (skin and tip removed, stir-fried). Decoct in one large cup of boy's urine until reduced to one-fifth volume. Take warm on an empty stomach (*Shibian Liangfang*).
Deficiency consumption with night sweats, irritability and dry mouth: Use one jin of Qinghao (extract juice and boil into paste), add one liang each of ginseng powder and Ophiopogon powder, boil until pillable, form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take twenty pills after meals with rice water, named Qinghao Wan (*Shengfang Zonglu*).
Malaria chills and fever: *Zhouhou Fang*: Use one handful of Qinghao, two sheng of water, crush and take juice. *Rencun Fang*: Harvest Qinghao (shade-dried) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month before dawn, four liang, plus one liang of Guixin (cinnamon twig). Powder. Take two qian with wine before onset. *Jingyan Fang*: Harvest Qinghao leaves on Dragon Boat Festival (shade-dried), equal amount of Guixin. Powder. Take one qian per dose; if chills precede, use hot wine; if heat precedes, use cold wine; take at 5-7 AM on the day of onset. Strictly avoid stimulating foods.
Warm malaria with severe phlegm, heat without chills: Two liang of Qinghao (soaked in boy's urine and baked), half liang of Huang Dan (red lead). Powder. Take two qian with plain water (*Rencun Fang*).
Red and white dysentery: Harvest Qinghao and Aiye (mugwort leaf) equally on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, mix with fermented soybean paste to make cakes, dry in sun, named Haoshi Dan. Decoct one cake in one and a half cups of water (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Nosebleed: Crush Qinghao, take juice, and stuff nose; highly effective (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*).
Alcohol hemorrhoids with bloody stool: Qinghao (use leaves only, not stems; or stems only, not leaves), powder. Take with cold water before defecation, with water and wine mixture after defecation (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Metal wounds and trauma: *Zhouhou Fang*: Crush Qinghao and apply; heals when bleeding stops. Another formula: Equal parts Qinghao, hemp leaves, and calcined alum, pounded and dried on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Powder and apply as needed.
Tooth swelling and pain: Decoct one handful of Qinghao in water and rinse (*Jiji Fang*).
Poisonous bee sting: Chew Qinghao and apply; provides immediate relief (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Ear discharge with pus: Wrap Qinghao powder in cotton and insert into ear (*Shenghui Fang*).
Nasal polyps: Equal parts Qinghao ash and calcined alum, drip liquid, boil into paste, apply (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Seeds
**Flavor and Properties:** Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Brightens eyes and opens appetite; use fried. Treats consumptive emaciation; soaked in urine by robust individuals. Treats malignant sores, scabies, tinea, and wind rash; decoct and wash (from *Xinxiu Bencao* by Li Ding). Treats ghostly qi; powder and take one fangcun bi with wine (Meng Shen). Efficacy same as leaves (Li Shizhen).
**Attached Prescription:** One new.
Accumulated heat causing eye dryness: Harvest Qinghao flowers or seeds on the third day of the third lunar month or fifth day of the fifth lunar month, shade-dry and powder. Take two qian with well-water on an empty stomach. Long-term use brightens eyes, allowing reading at night, named Qinghao San (*Shibian Liangfang*).
Worms in joints: See section on Worms.