（《纲目》）
【释名】臭蒿
【集解】大明曰∶臭蒿一名草蒿。
时珍曰∶香蒿臭蒿通可名草蒿。此蒿与青蒿相似，但此蒿色绿带淡黄，气辛臭不可
人家采以罨酱黄酒曲者是也。
叶
【气味】辛、苦，凉，无毒。
【主治】小儿风寒惊热（时珍）。
子
【气味】辛，凉，无毒。
【主治】治劳，下气开胃，止盗汗及邪气鬼毒（大明）。
（《本经》上品）
【释名】蘩（《尔雅》）、由胡（《尔雅》）、蒌蒿（《食疗》）、 （音商）。
时珍曰∶白蒿有水陆二种，《尔雅》通谓之蘩，以其易蘩衍也。曰∶蘩，皤蒿。即今陆
生艾蒿也，辛熏不美。曰∶蘩，由胡。即今水生蒌蒿也，辛香而美。曰∶蘩之丑，秋为蒿。
则通指水陆二种而言，谓其春时各有种名，至秋老则皆呼为蒿矣。曰赖，曰萧，曰 ，皆老
蒿之通名，象秋气肃赖之气。
【集解】《别录》曰∶白蒿生中山川泽，二月采。
弘景曰∶蒿类甚多，而俗中不闻呼白蒿者。方药家既不用，皆无复识之。
恭曰∶《尔雅》∶蘩，皤蒿，即白蒿也，所在有之。叶颇似细艾，上有白毛错涩，粗于青
蒿
禹锡曰∶蓬蒿可以为菹。故《诗笺》云∶以豆荐蘩菹也。陆玑《诗疏》云∶凡艾白色为
皤蒿。今白蒿先诸草发生，香美可食，生蒸皆宜。
颂曰∶此草古人以为菹。今人但食蒌蒿，不复食此。或疑白蒿即蒌蒿，而孟诜《食疗》
又别着蒌蒿条，所说不同，明是二物，乃知古今食品之异也。又今阶州以白蒿为茵陈，其苗
叶亦相似，然以入药，恐不可用也。
时珍曰∶白蒿处处有之，有水、陆二种。本草所用，盖取水生者，故曰生中山川泽，不
曰山谷平地也。二种形状相似，但陆生辛熏，不及水生者香美尔。《诗》云∶呦呦鹿鸣，食
野之苹。苹，即陆生皤蒿，俗呼艾蒿是矣。鹿食九种解毒之草，白蒿其一也。《诗》云∶于
以采蘩，于沼于 。《左传》云∶苹蘩蕴藻之菜，可以荐于鬼神，羞于王公。并指水生白
蒿而言，则本草白蒿之为蒌蒿无疑矣。郑樵《通志》谓苹为蒌蒿，非矣。鹿乃山兽，蒌乃水
蒿。陆玑《诗疏》谓苹为牛尾蒿，亦非矣。牛尾蒿色青不白，细叶直上，状如牛尾也。蒌蒿
生陂泽中，二月发苗，叶似嫩艾而歧细，面青背白。其茎或赤或白，其根白脆。采其根茎，
生熟菹曝皆可食，盖嘉蔬也。《景差大招》云∶吴酸蒿蒌不沾薄。谓吴人善调酸，瀹蒌蒿为
齑，不沾不薄而甘美，此正指水生者也。
苗根
【气味】甘，平，无毒。思邈曰∶辛、平。
时珍曰∶发疮疥。
【主治】五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，补中益气，长毛发令黑，疗心悬，少食常饥。久服轻身
，耳目聪明不老（《本经》）。生 ，醋淹为菹食，甚益人；捣汁服，去热黄及心痛；曝为末
，米饮空心服一匙，治夏月暴水痢；烧灰淋汁煎，治淋沥疾（孟诜）。利膈开胃，杀河豚鱼
毒
【发明】弘景曰∶服食家七禽散云∶白兔食白蒿仙，与庵 同法耳。
时珍曰∶《本经》列白蒿于上品，有功无毒，而古今方家不知用，岂不得服之之诀欤？
【附方】旧一。
恶疮癞疾，但是恶疾遍体，面目有疮者，皆可服之∶用白艾蒿十束如升大，煮取汁，以
曲及
米一如酿酒法，候熟稍服之。（《深师方》）
子
【气味】缺
【主治】鬼气。为末，酒服之，良（孟诜）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】臭蒿
【集解】唐代医家孟诜（文中称“大明”）说：臭蒿又名草蒿。
李时珍说：香蒿和臭蒿都可以统称为草蒿。这种蒿与青蒿相似，但这种蒿颜色绿中带淡黄，气味辛辣且带有臭味，人们采集它来覆盖酱料、黄酒和酒曲的就是这种。
叶
【气味】辛味、苦味，性凉，无毒。
【主治】小儿因风寒引起的惊风发热（李时珍）。
子
【气味】辛味，性凉，无毒。
【主治】治疗虚劳，降气开胃，止盗汗及邪气鬼毒（孟诜）。
（《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】蘩（出自《尔雅》）、由胡（出自《尔雅》）、蒌蒿（出自《食疗本草》）、 （音同“商”）。
李时珍说：白蒿有水生和陆生两种，《尔雅》中统称它们为“蘩”，因为它们的繁衍能力很强。郭璞注《尔雅》说：“蘩，就是皤蒿。”即现在陆生的艾蒿，气味辛辣刺鼻不好闻。许慎《说文解字》说：“蘩，叫由胡。”即现在水生的蒌蒿，气味辛辣芳香而美味。《尔雅》说：“蘩的变种，秋天变成蒿。”这是通指水生和陆生两种而言，意思是它们在春天各有不同的名字，到了秋天老了都叫做蒿了。“赖”、“萧”、“ ”等，都是老蒿的通称，象征秋天肃杀之气。
【集解】《名医别录》说：白蒿生长在中山地区的山川沼泽地带，二月采收。
陶弘景说：蒿类植物很多，但民间没有听说叫白蒿的。方药家既然不用它，大家都不再认识它了。
苏恭说：《尔雅》记载：“蘩，就是皤蒿，也就是白蒿，各地都有生长。叶子很像细艾，上面有白色的绒毛显得粗糙涩手，比青蒿粗。”
陈藏器说：蓬蒿可以做腌菜。所以《诗经笺》说：“用豆类和蘩菹作为祭品。”陆玑《诗经疏》说：“凡是白色的艾都叫皤蒿。现在的白蒿比其他草先发芽，香气美味可以食用，生吃或蒸熟吃都适宜。”
苏颂说：古人把这草当作腌菜。现在人只吃蒌蒿，不再吃这个。有人怀疑白蒿就是蒌蒿，但孟诜《食疗本草》又单独列出蒌蒿条目，所说的内容不同，明显是两种植物，由此可知古今食品的区别。另外现在阶州把白蒿当作茵陈，它的苗叶也很相似，然而用来入药，恐怕不可使用。
李时珍说：白蒿到处都有，分水生和陆生两种。本草中所用的，大概是取用水生的，所以说生长在中山的山川沼泽，而不说山谷平地。这两种形状相似，但陆生的气味辛辣刺鼻，不如水生的香气美味。《诗经》说：“鹿群呦呦鸣叫，吃着野地里的苹。”苹，就是陆生的皤蒿，俗称艾蒿。鹿吃的九种解毒草中，白蒿是其中之一。《诗经》说：“在哪里采摘蘩？在沼泽，在水边。”《左传》说：“苹、蘩、蕴藻这些蔬菜，可以用来祭祀鬼神，进献给王公。”这些都指水生的白蒿而言，那么本草中的白蒿就是蒌蒿无疑了。郑樵《通志》认为苹就是蒌蒿，这是错误的。鹿是山兽，蒌是水蒿。陆玑《诗经疏》认为苹是牛尾蒿，这也是错误的。牛尾蒿颜色青不白，叶子细长直立，形状像牛尾巴。蒌蒿生长在池塘沼泽中，二月发苗，叶子像嫩艾但分裂得细碎，正面青背面白。茎有的红有的白，根白色脆嫩。采摘它的根茎，生吃、做腌菜或晒干都可以食用，是极好的蔬菜。《景差大招》说：“吴地的酸蒿蒌不薄不腻。”说的是吴人善于调制酸味，将蒌蒿煮成齑，不薄不腻而甘美，这正指的是水生的。
苗根
【气味】甘味，性平，无毒。孙思邈说：辛味，性平。
李时珍说：能引发疮疥。
【主治】五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，补中益气，使毛发生长并变黑，治疗心悬空感，食欲少常觉饥饿。长期服用可身体轻健，耳目聪明，延缓衰老（《神农本草经》）。生长在水中，用醋腌制做腌菜吃，非常有益于人；捣汁服用，去除热黄及心痛；晒干研末，空腹用米汤送服一匙，治疗夏季突发的水泻痢疾；烧成灰淋汁煎服，治疗淋沥疾病（孟诜）。利膈开胃，解河豚鱼毒。
【发明】陶弘景说：服食家制作的七禽散中说：“白兔吃白蒿成仙，与庵䕡用法相同。”
李时珍说：《神农本草经》将白蒿列在上品，有功无毒，但古今方家不知道使用它，难道是没有得到服食的秘诀吗？
【附方】旧方一条。
恶疮癞疾，只要是恶疾遍布全身，面目有疮的，都可以服用：用白艾蒿十束如升大小，煮取汁液，用酒曲和米按照酿酒的方法，等待发酵成熟后稍加服用。（《深师方》）
子
【气味】缺失
【主治】鬼气。研成末，用酒送服，效果良好（孟诜）。
(From *Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Chouhao (Stinking Mugwort)
[Collected Explanations] Ming (Meng Shen, Tang Dynasty physician) said: Chouhao is also known as Caohao.
Shizhen (Li Shizhen) said: Xianghao (Fragrant Mugwort) and Chouhao can both be collectively named Caohao. This mugwort resembles Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), but this variety has a green color with a pale yellow tint, and its odor is pungent and foul. The kind that people harvest to cover sauces, yellow wine, and yeast starters is this one.
Leaves
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, Bitter, Cool, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric wind-cold induced convulsions and fever (Shizhen).
Seeds
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, Cool, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats consumptive disease (Lao), directs Qi downward, opens the appetite, stops night sweats, and eliminates pathogenic qi and demonic toxins (Ming).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing* / Divine Farmer's Materia Medica, Upper Grade)
[Names] Fan (from *Erya*), Youhu (from *Erya*), Louhao (from *Shiliao*), [Character pronounced "Shang"].
Shizhen said: Baihao (White Mugwort) exists in two varieties: aquatic and terrestrial. *Erya* collectively calls them "Fan" because they propagate easily. Guo Pu's commentary on *Erya* states: "Fan is Paohao." This refers to the currently terrestrial Ai Hao (Artemisiae Argyi Herba), which has a pungent, irritating odor and is not pleasant. Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Fan is called Youhu." This refers to the currently aquatic Louhao, which has a pungent, fragrant, and delicious aroma. *Erya* states: "The variant of Fan becomes Hao in autumn." This generally refers to both aquatic and terrestrial types, meaning that while they have different names in spring, once they mature in autumn, they are all called Hao. "Lai," "Xiao," and [Character] are all common names for old Hao, symbolizing the肃杀 (solemn/killing) energy of autumn.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* (Mingyi Bielu) states: Baihao grows in the mountains, rivers, and marshes of Zhongshan, harvested in the second lunar month.
Hongjing (Tao Hongjing) said: There are many types of Hao, yet in common parlance, none are heard to be called Baihao. Since physicians do not use it, no one recognizes it anymore.
Gong (Su Gong) said: *Erya* records: "Fan is Paohao, which is Baihao, found everywhere. Its leaves resemble fine Artemisia argyi, covered with white hairs making it rough and coarse, thicker than Qinghao."
Yi (Chen Cangqi) said: Penghao can be made into pickles. Thus, the commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* says: "Using beans and Fan-pickles as offerings." Lu Ji's commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* states: "Any white Artemisia is called Paohao. Currently, Baihao sprouts before other grasses; it is fragrant, delicious, and edible, suitable for both raw consumption and steaming."
Song (Su Song) said: Ancient people considered this herb for pickles. Nowadays, people only eat Louhao and no longer eat this. Some suspect that Baihao is Louhao, but Meng Shen's *Shiliao* lists Louhao separately with different descriptions, clearly indicating they are two distinct substances, revealing the differences in food items between ancient and modern times. Furthermore, in Jiezhou today, Baihao is treated as Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba); its seedlings and leaves are similar, but using it for medicinal purposes is likely inadvisable.
Shizhen said: Baihao is found everywhere, in aquatic and terrestrial varieties. The Baihao used in Materia Medica likely refers to the aquatic variety, hence it says "grows in the mountains, rivers, and marshes of Zhongshan," rather than "valleys or flatlands." The two varieties look similar, but the terrestrial one is pungent and irritating, lacking the fragrance and delicacy of the aquatic one. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "The deer call out 'you you', eating the Ping in the wild." Ping refers to the terrestrial Paohao, commonly called Ai Hao. Among the nine antidotal herbs eaten by deer, Baihao is one. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Where to gather Fan? In the marsh, by the water." The *Zuo Zhuan* states: "Ping, Fan, Yunzao, and other vegetables can be offered to spirits and presented to kings and dukes." These all refer to aquatic Baihao. Therefore, the Baihao in the Materia Medica is undoubtedly Louhao. Zheng Qiao's *Tongzhi* claims Ping is Louhao, which is incorrect. Deer are mountain beasts, while Lou is aquatic mugwort. Lu Ji's commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* claims Ping is Niuhao (Cow-tail Mugwort), which is also incorrect. Niuhao is green, not white, with slender leaves growing straight up, resembling a cow's tail. Louhao grows in ponds and marshes, sprouting in the second lunar month. Its leaves resemble tender Artemisia argyi but are finely divided, green on top and white underneath. Its stems are either red or white, and its roots are white and crisp. Harvesting its roots and stems, it can be eaten raw, pickled, or dried; it is an excellent vegetable. The *Da Zhao* by Jing Cha says: "Wu-style sour Hao and Lou are neither thin nor thick." This describes Wu people's skill in preparing sour flavors, boiling Louhao into a relish that is neither too watery nor too thick, yet sweet and delicious; this precisely refers to the aquatic variety.
Seedlings and Roots
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic. Simiao (Sun Simiao) said: Pungent, Neutral.
Shizhen said: Can induce sores and scabies.
[Indications] Pathogenic qi in the five Zang organs, wind-cold-dampness bi syndrome, tonifies the middle and supplements Qi, promotes hair growth and darkens it, treats a sensation of heart hanging empty, and addresses poor appetite with constant hunger. Long-term consumption lightens the body, clarifies the ears and eyes, and prevents aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Growing in water, marinated in vinegar and eaten as pickles, it is very beneficial to humans; crushed juice taken internally removes heat-induced jaundice and heart pain; dried and powdered, taken orally on an empty stomach with rice water, it treats sudden summer water diarrhea; burned to ash, leached with water, and decocted, it treats strangury disorders (Meng Shen). Benefits the diaphragm, opens the appetite, and detoxifies pufferfish poison.
[Elucidation] Hongjing said: The Seven-Bird Powder used by those practicing dietary therapy states: "White rabbits eat Baihao to become immortal, following the same method as Anxi."
Shizhen said: *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists Baihao in the Upper Grade, possessing efficacy without toxicity, yet contemporary physicians do not know how to use it. Could it be that they lack the secret of proper consumption?
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
For malignant sores and leprosy, where any malignant disease covers the whole body and sores appear on the face and eyes, it can be taken: Use ten bundles of White Ai Hao, sized like a sheng (unit of volume), boil to extract the juice, add yeast and rice according to the wine-making method, wait until fermentation is complete, and take a small amount gradually (*Shenshi Fang*).
Seeds
[Properties and Flavors] Missing
[Indications] Demonic qi. Grind into powder, take with wine, effective (Meng Shen).