（音桅。《拾遗》）
【释名】 鱼（音回）、 鱼（化、获二音）、
时珍曰∶北人呼 ，南人呼 ，并
【集解】时珍曰∶
亦在颔下，骨不柔脆，
【正误】藏器曰∶
曝干瓶盛。临食以布裹水浸用，与初 无异。
时珍曰∶藏器所说，出《杜宝拾遗录》。其说云∶隋大业六年，吴郡献海
五、六月取大 四、五
固。用时以布裹水浸，少顷去水，则皎白如新也。珍按∶此乃海
腥。若江河 鱼，则无鳞极腥矣。陈氏盖因 、 二字相类，不加考究，遂致谬误耳。今正
之。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
颂曰∶能动痼疾。不可合野猪、野鸡肉食，令人生癞。
【主治】开胃，下膀胱水（藏器）。
（音夷。《别录》上品）
【释名】 鱼
时珍曰∶鱼额平夷低偃，其涎粘滑。 ，夷也。
北人曰 ，南人曰 。
【集解】弘景曰∶ ，即 也。又有 ，似 而大。
四足。
保升曰∶口腹俱大者，名 ；背青口小者，名 ；口小背黄腹白者，名
时珍曰∶二说俱欠详核。 乃无鳞之鱼，大首偃额，大口大腹
须。生流水者，色青白。生止水者，色青黄。大者亦至三四十斤，俱是大口大腹，并无口小
者。 即今之
先割翅下悬之，则涎自流尽，不粘滑也。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
诜曰∶无鳞，有毒，勿多食。
颂曰∶寒而有毒，非佳品也。赤目、赤须、无腮者，并杀人。不可合牛肝食，令人患风
多噎。不可合野猪肉食，令人吐泻。
弘景曰∶不可合鹿肉食，令人筋甲缩。
时珍曰∶反荆芥。
【主治】百病（《别录》）。作 ，补人（弘景）。疗水肿，利小便
活切尾尖，朝吻贴之即正。又五痔下血肛痛，同葱煮食之（时珍）。
【附方】
身面白驳∶ 鱼（半斤）一头，去肠，以粳饭、盐、椒如常作 ，以荷叶作三包系之。
更以荷叶重包，令臭烂。先以布拭赤，乃炙 包，乘热熨，令汗出。以绵衣包之，勿令见风，
以瘥为度。（《总录
涎
【主治】三消渴疾，和黄连末为丸，乌梅汤每服五七丸，日三服，效
目
【主治】刺伤中水作痛，烧灰涂之（思邈）。
肝
【主治】骨鲠（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
骨鲠在喉∶栗子肉上皮半两（研末），乳香、 鱼肝各一分，同捣，丸梧子大。以绵裹
一丸，水润，外留绵线吞下，钓出。（《总
（音同“桅”。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 鲙鱼（音同“回”）、 鱼（有“化”、“获”两个读音）。
李时珍说：北方人称它为 [某种称呼]，南方人称它为 [某种称呼]，其实都是指这种鱼。
【集解】 李时珍说：
它的鳃盖下方也有骨头，但骨头不柔软脆嫩。
【正误】 陈藏器说：
将其晒成干品装在瓶子里。食用时用布包裹在水中浸泡使用，与新鲜时无异。
李时珍说：陈藏器的说法，出自《杜宝拾遗录》。书中记载：隋朝大业六年，吴郡进献海 [某物]，在五、六月间捕获大的 [某物] 四、五 [单位]。
[原文此处有缺漏或错简，意指] 坚固。使用时用布包裹在水中浸泡，一会儿后去掉水，它就洁白如新了。李时珍按语：这其实是海 [某物] 的腥味。如果是江河里的 [某类] 鱼，则没有鳞片且极腥。陈氏大概因为 [某字] 和 [某字] 字形相似，不加考究，导致了谬误。现在予以纠正。
肉
【气味】 味甘，性平，无毒。
苏颂说：能引发陈旧性疾病。不可与野猪、野鸡肉一起食用，否则使人患癞病。
（音同“夷”。出自《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】 鲵鱼（大鲵）
李时珍说：鲵鱼额头平坦低伏，其唾液粘稠滑腻。“ ”，就是“夷”的意思。
北方人称它为 [某种称呼]，南方人称它为 [某种称呼]。
【集解】 陶弘景说： ，即 也。又有另一种，似 而体型更大。
长有四足。
寇宗奭说：口和腹部都大的，名叫 [名称]；背部青色、口小的，名叫 [名称]；口小、背黄腹白的，名叫 [名称]。
李时珍说：以上两种说法都不够详细确切。 是无鳞的鱼，头大额头低伏，口大腹大，有须。生活在流动水域中的，颜色青白。生活在静止水域中的，颜色青黄。大的也能达到三四十斤，都是大口大腹，并没有口小的。 就是现在的 [名称]。
先割下鱼翅悬挂起来，那么唾液就会自然流尽，不再粘滑。
肉
【气味】 味甘，性温，无毒。
孟诜说：无鳞，有毒，不要多吃。
苏颂说：性寒且有剧毒，不是佳品。眼睛红、胡须红、没有腮的，都会致人死亡。不可与牛肝一起食用，使人患风病且多噎膈。不可与野猪肉一起食用，使人呕吐腹泻。
陶弘景说：不可与鹿肉一起食用，使人的筋腱指甲收缩。
李时珍说：与荆芥相反。
【主治】 治疗百病（《神农本草经》）。制成 [剂型]，补益人体（陶弘景）。治疗水肿，通利小便。
活切尾尖，早晨亲吻贴敷患处即可复位。另外，五种痔疾下血及肛门疼痛，同葱一起煮食（李时珍）。
【附方】
身体出现白斑：取鲵鱼（半斤）一头，去肠，用粳米饭、盐、花椒像平常一样制作 [菜肴/药膳]，用荷叶包成三包系好。
再用荷叶重重包裹，使其臭烂。先用布擦拭发红处，然后炙烤 [药] 包，趁热熨烫，令出汗。用棉衣包裹，不要让见风，以痊愈为度。（《太平总录》）
涎
【主治】 治疗消渴病，与黄连末混合做成丸剂，用乌梅汤送服，每次五至七丸，每日三次，有效。
目
【主治】 异物刺伤眼中进水作痛，烧成灰涂抹患处（孙思邈）。
肝
【主治】 治疗骨鲠（李时珍）。
【附方】 新增一条。
骨鲠在喉：栗子肉去皮半两（研成末），乳香、鲵鱼肝各一分，一同捣碎，做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。用绵裹住一丸，用水润湿，外面留出棉线吞下，钓出骨刺。（《太平总录》
(Phonetically "wei". From *Bencao Shiyi*.)
**Names**
Kuai fish (phonetically "hui"), [Name] fish (pronounced "hua" or "huo").
Li Shizhen stated: People in the north call it [Name], and people in the south call it [Name]; both refer to this fish.
**Collected Explanations**
Li Shizhen stated:
It also has bones under the jaw, but the bones are not soft and brittle.
**Correction of Errors**
Chen Zangqi stated:
Dry it by sun-drying and store it in a bottle. When ready to eat, soak it in water wrapped in cloth; it is no different from fresh.
Li Shizhen stated: Chen Zangqi's statement comes from *Du Bao Shiyi Lu*. The text says: In the sixth year of Daye during the Sui Dynasty, Wu Commandery presented sea [Item]. In May and June, large [Item] four or five [Unit] were caught.
[Text missing/corrupted here, implying firmness.] When used, wrap in cloth and soak in water for a short while, then remove the water, and it becomes bright white as new. Li Shizhen noted: This is actually the fishy smell of sea [Item]. If it is river/lake [Type] fish, it would be scaleless and extremely fishy. Mr. Chen likely confused the characters [Character A] and [Character B] due to their similarity without proper investigation, leading to error. This is now corrected.
Meat
**Flavor and Toxicity**
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Su Song stated: It can trigger chronic diseases. Do not consume together with wild boar meat or wild chicken meat, as this causes leprosy-like conditions.
**Indications**
Opens the stomach/appetite, promotes urination/bladder water drainage (Chen Zangqi).
(Phonetically "yi". Listed in the Superior Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*.)
**Names**
Nixi (Giant Salamander)
Li Shizhen stated: The Nixi has a flat, low-lying forehead, and its saliva is sticky and slippery. " " means "flat/even".
People in the north call it [Name], and people in the south call it [Name].
**Collected Explanations**
Tao Hongjing stated: , which is . There is another type, similar to but larger.
It has four feet.
Kou Zongshi stated: Those with large mouths and bellies are named ; those with green backs and small mouths are named ; those with small mouths, yellow backs, and white bellies are named .
Li Shizhen stated: Both previous explanations are insufficiently detailed and accurate. is a scaleless fish with a large head, low forehead, large mouth, large belly, and whiskers. Those living in flowing water are greenish-white. Those living in stagnant water are greenish-yellow. Large ones can reach thirty or forty jin, all having large mouths and bellies, none with small mouths. is the current [Name].
If you cut off the fins and hang it first, the saliva will flow out completely and not be sticky.
Meat
**Flavor and Toxicity**
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Meng Shen stated: Scaleless, toxic, do not eat too much.
Su Song stated: Cold and highly toxic, not a fine quality item. Those with red eyes, red whiskers, or no gills are lethal. Do not consume with beef liver, as it causes wind disorders and frequent choking. Do not consume with wild pork, as it causes vomiting and diarrhea.
Tao Hongjing stated: Do not consume with deer meat, as it causes contraction of tendons and nails.
Li Shizhen stated: It is incompatible with Schizonepeta (Jingjie).
**Indications**
Treats hundred diseases (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Prepared as [Preparation], it tonifies the human body (Tao Hongjing). Treats edema, promotes diuresis.
For dislocation: Cut the tail tip of a live one, apply it to the affected area in the morning, and it will reset immediately. Also, for bleeding hemorrhoids and anal pain, boil and eat with green onions (Li Shizhen).
**Attached Prescriptions**
White patches on the body: Take one Giant Salamander (half a jin), remove intestines, prepare with glutinous rice, salt, and pepper as usual, wrap in three layers of lotus leaves.
Then wrap again heavily with lotus leaves until it rots/stinks. First wipe the reddened area with cloth, then roast the [medicine] pack and apply hot compresses while hot to induce sweating. Wrap in cotton clothes, avoid wind exposure, continue until healed. (*Taiping Zonglu*)
Saliva
**Indications**
Treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Mix with powdered Coptis Chinensis (Huanglian) to make pills. Take five to seven pills per dose with Sour Plum (Wumei) decoction, three times daily. Effective.
Eye
**Indications**
Pain caused by foreign object injury and water entering the eye. Burn to ash and apply topically (Sun Simiao).
Liver
**Indications**
Treats bone stuck in throat (Li Shizhen).
**Attached Prescription** New one.
Bone stuck in throat: Peel half an ounce of chestnut meat (grind into powder), one fen of Frankincense (Ruxiang), and one fen of Giant Salamander liver. Pound together and make pills the size of wutong seeds. Wrap one pill in cotton, moisten with water, swallow leaving the cotton thread outside to fish out the bone. (*Taiping Zonglu*)