（音针。《纲目》）
【释名】姜公鱼（俗名）、 铜 鱼
时珍曰∶此鱼喙有一针，故有诸名。俗云姜太公钓针，亦傅会也。
【集解】时珍曰∶生江湖中。大小形状，并同 残，但喙尖有一
细黑骨如针为异耳。《东山经》云∶ 水北注于湖，中多箴鱼，状如鲦，
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】食之无疫（时珍）。
（音聿。《纲目》）
【释名】春鱼（俗名）。作腊，名鹅毛 。
时珍曰∶《尔雅》云∶ ，小鱼也。名义未详。春，以时名也。 ，以干腊名也。
【集解】时珍曰∶按∶段公路《北户录》云∶广之恩州出鹅毛
其味绝美。郭义恭所谓武阳小鱼大如
东阳江县出之，即 鱼儿也。然
流出，状似初化鱼苗。土人取收，曝干为 ，以充苞苴。食以姜、醋，味同虾米。或云即鳢
鱼苗也。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】和中益气，令人喜悦（时珍）。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶金鱼有鲤、鲫、鳅、 数种，鳅、
惟《北户录》云∶出邛婆塞江，脑中有金，盖亦讹传。《述异记》载∶晋桓冲
中有赤鳞鱼。即此也。自宋始有畜者，今则处处人家养玩矣。春末生子于草上，好自吞啖，
亦易化生。初出黑色，久乃变红。又或变白者，名纸鱼。亦有红、白、黑、斑相间无常者
。其肉味短而韧。《物类相感志》云∶金鱼食橄榄渣、肥皂水即死。得白杨皮不生虱。又有
丹鱼，不审即此类否？今附于下。
肉
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】久痢（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
久痢噤口，病势欲死∶用金丝鲤鱼一尾，重一二斤者，如常治净，用盐、酱、葱，必入
胡椒末三、四钱，煮熟，置病患前嗅
拱《医方摘要》）
【附录】丹鱼 按《抱朴子》云∶丹水出京兆上洛县西北冢岭山，入于均
先夏至十日，夜伺之。鱼浮水侧，必有赤光上照，赫然若火。割血
（音同“针”。出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】姜公鱼（民间俗称）、铜鱼。
李时珍说：这种鱼的嘴部有一根针状物，因此得名。民间传说是姜太公钓鱼用的针，这也是附会之说。
【集解】李时珍说：生长于江河湖泊中。大小形状都与鲮鱼相似，只是嘴尖有一根细黑骨如针一样，这是它的特异之处。《东山经》记载：某水向北流入湖中，水中多箴鱼，形状像鲦鱼，
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
（音同“聿”。出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】春鱼（民间俗称）。制成腊味后，称为鹅毛。
李时珍说：《尔雅》记载：这是一种小鱼。名称的含义不详。“春”是根据时令命名的，“”是根据干腊工艺命名的。
【集解】李时珍说：据段公路《北户录》记载：广东恩州出产鹅毛，味道极其鲜美。郭义恭所说的武阳小鱼大如……东阳江县出产的，就是这种鱼儿。然而……流出，形状像刚孵化的小鱼苗。当地人采集收集，晒干作为馈赠礼品或食品。用姜、醋调味食用，味道像虾米。有人说这就是鳢鱼苗。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：金鱼有鲤鱼、鲫鱼、泥鳅等数种，泥鳅、……只有《北户录》记载：产于邛婆塞江，脑中有金，这大概是讹传。《述异记》记载：晋代桓冲……中有赤鳞鱼。就是这种鱼。从宋代开始有人饲养，现在家家户户都养来观赏了。春末在草上产卵，喜欢互相吞食，也容易变异产生新品种。初生时为黑色，久了变成红色。又有变白的，名叫纸鱼。也有红、白、黑、斑纹相间且无常形的。其肉质味短而坚韧。《物类相感志》记载：金鱼吃了橄榄渣、肥皂水就会死亡。得到白杨皮就不会生虱子。还有丹鱼，不知是否属于这一类？现附在下面。
肉
【气味】味甘、咸，性平，无毒。
【附方】新编一方。
久痢噤口，病势危重欲死：取金丝鲤鱼一条，重量在一二斤左右的，按常规处理干净，用盐、酱、葱，必须加入胡椒末三到四钱，煮熟后，放在病人面前让其闻气味（拱《医方摘要》）
【附录】丹鱼 据《抱朴子》记载：丹水发源于京兆上洛县西北的冢岭山，流入均……夏至前十天，夜间守候观察。鱼浮在水面一侧，必定有红光向上照射，赫然如火。割取血液……
(Zhen [Needle]. From *Bencao Gangmu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
**Names:** Jianggong Fish (common name), Tongyu Fish.
Li Shizhen states: This fish has a needle-like structure in its beak, hence the various names. The folk saying that it is the needle used by Jiang Taigong for fishing is also an apocryphal attribution.
**Collection:** Li Shizhen states: It lives in rivers and lakes. Its size and shape are identical to those of *Ling* fish (a type of carp), except for the fine black bone like a needle at the tip of its beak, which is its distinguishing feature. *Dongshan Jing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas] records: "Water flows north into the lake, where there are many Zhen fish, resembling Tiao fish,"
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Consumption prevents epidemics (Li Shizhen).
(Yu [Writing Brush]. From *Bencao Gangmu*)
**Names:** Chunyu Fish (common name). When made into cured meat, it is called Emao [Goose Feather].
Li Shizhen states: *Erya* [Ancient Dictionary] records: "Yu is a small fish." The meaning of the name is unclear. "Chun" [Spring] is named according to the season; "Yu" is named according to the dried-cured process.
**Collection:** Li Shizhen states: According to Duan Gonglu's *Buhu Lu* [Records from the Northern Window], goose feathers are produced in Enzhou, Guangdong, and their taste is extremely delicious. Guo Yigong mentioned Wuyang small fish as large as... Those produced in Dongyang County are exactly these Yu fish. However... flowing out, resembling newly hatched fry. Locals collect them, dry them in the sun to serve as gifts or food. Seasoned with ginger and vinegar, they taste like dried shrimp. Some say they are fry of snakehead fish (*Li*).
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Harmonizes the middle jiao [digestive system], benefits qi, and brings joy (Li Shizhen).
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
**Collection:** Li Shizhen states: Goldfish include several varieties such as carp, crucian carp, loach, etc. Only *Buhu Lu* records: Produced in Qiongposai River, with gold in the brain; this is likely a false transmission. *Shuyi Ji* [Records of Strange Tales] records: Jin Dynasty Huan Chong... had red-scaled fish. This is it. Keeping them began in the Song Dynasty, and now they are raised everywhere for amusement. In late spring, they lay eggs on grass, enjoy eating each other, and easily mutate into new forms. They emerge black and turn red over time. Some turn white, named Zhiyu [Paper Fish]. There are also those with irregular patterns of red, white, black, and spots. Their flesh is short-flavored and tough. *Wulei Xianggan Zhi* [Record of Mutual Influence among Things] states: Goldfish die if fed olive residue or soap water. They do not get lice if exposed to white poplar bark. There is also Dan fish; it is uncertain if this belongs to the same category. It is appended below.
Meat
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, salty, neutral, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Treats chronic dysentery (Li Shizhen).
**Attached Prescription:** New prescription one.
Chronic dysentery with inability to eat, critical condition approaching death: Take one golden-thread carp weighing one to two jin [approx. 0.5-1 kg], clean it as usual, use salt, soy sauce, and scallion, must add three to four qian [approx. 11-14 g] of pepper powder, cook thoroughly, place in front of the patient for them to smell (Gong, *Yifang Jiyao* [Essentials of Medical Prescriptions]).
**Appendix:** Dan Fish. According to *Baopuzi* [The Master Who Embraces Simplicity]: Dan Water originates from Zhongling Mountain northwest of Shangluo County, Jingzhao, and flows into Jun... Ten days before the Summer Solstice, watch at night. The fish floats on the side of the water, there must be red light shining upwards, blazing like fire. Cut the blood...