（《纲目》）
【释名】 鱼（《尔雅》）
时珍曰∶此非海中沙鱼，乃南方溪涧中小鱼也。居沙沟中，吹沙而游，咂沙而食。
肉多形圆，陀陀然也。
【集解】时珍曰∶鲨鱼，大者长四五寸，其头尾一般大。头状似鳟
唇。细鳞，黄白色，有黑斑点文。背有 刺甚硬。其尾不歧。小
呵浪鱼。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】暖中益气（时珍）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】渡父鱼（《纲目》）、黄
时珍曰∶杜父当作渡父。溪涧小鱼，渡父所食也。见人则以喙插入泥中，如船碇也。
【集解】藏器曰∶杜父鱼生溪涧中。长二三寸，状如吹沙而短。其
色黄黑有斑。脊背上有 刺，螫人。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】小儿差颓。用此鱼擘开，口咬之，七下即消（藏器∶差颓，阴核大小也）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】石矾鱼（《延寿书》）、高鱼。
【集解】时珍曰∶石斑生南方溪涧水石处。长数寸，白鳞黑斑。浮
然深入。《临海水土记》云∶长者尺余，其斑如虎文，而性淫，春月与蛇医
毒。《南方异物志》云∶高鱼似鳟，有雌无雄，二、三月与蜥蜴合于水上，其胎毒
杂俎》云∶石斑与蛇交。南方有土蜂，土人杀此鱼标树上，引鸟食
子及肠
【气味】有毒，令人吐泻。
《医说》云∶用鱼尾草研汁，服少许解之。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】鱼（出自《尔雅》）
李时珍说：这种鱼不是海中的鲨鱼，而是南方溪涧中的小鱼。它们居住在沙沟中，一边吹动沙子一边游动，吸食沙子作为食物。
肉质较多，形状圆润，呈圆鼓鼓的样子。
【集解】李时珍说：鲨鱼（此处指杜父鱼类的一种），大的长四五寸，头和尾巴大小一般。头部形状像鳟鱼的嘴唇。鳞片细小，颜色黄白，带有黑色斑点花纹。背部有刺，非常坚硬。尾巴不分叉。也就是小呵浪鱼。
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
（《本草拾遗》）
【释名】渡父鱼（出自《本草纲目》）、黄[鱼]
李时珍说：“杜父”应当写作“渡父”。这是溪涧中的小鱼，是渡父所吃的鱼。见到人时，它会将嘴插入泥中，就像船锚一样固定住自己。
【集解】陈藏器说：杜父鱼生长在溪涧中。长二三寸，形状像吹沙鱼但更短。它的颜色黄黑且有斑点。脊背上有刺，蜇人。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】小儿疝气（差颓）。用这种鱼掰开，用口咬它七下，症状即可消除（陈藏器注：差颓，指阴囊肿大的病症）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】石矾鱼（出自《延寿书》）、高鱼。
【集解】李时珍说：石斑鱼生长在南方溪涧的水石之间。长数寸，白色鳞片带有黑色斑点。浮游深入水中。《临海水土记》记载：长的有一尺多，身上的斑纹像虎纹，而且性情淫乱，春天月份与蛇交配产生毒性。《南方异物志》记载：高鱼像鳟鱼，只有雌性没有雄性，在二、三月间与水上的蜥蜴交合，其体内的毒素混杂。《酉阳杂俎》记载：石斑鱼与蛇交配。南方有一种土蜂，当地人杀死这种鱼挂在树上，用来引诱鸟类食用，从而获取鸟的卵及肠道内容物。
【气味】有毒，令人呕吐腹泻。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Yu (from *Erya*)
Li Shizhen states: This is not the shark of the sea, but a small fish found in streams and ravines in the south. It dwells in sandy trenches, swimming while blowing sand, and feeding by sucking up sand.
The flesh is abundant, and the shape is round, appearing plump.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: The "Shayu" (here referring to a type of sculpin), the larger ones are four or five cun long, with the head and tail being of similar size. The head resembles the lips of a trout. The scales are fine, yellowish-white, with black spotted patterns. There are spines on the back that are very hard. The tail is not forked. It is also known as the Xiao Helang fish.
Flesh
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Warms the middle jiao and tonifies healthy qi (Li Shizhen).
(Enhancements to Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Duffy Fish (from *Compendium of Materia Medica*), Huang [Fish]
Li Shizhen states: "Dufu" should be written as "Dufu". These are small fish in streams and ravines, eaten by Duffy people. When they see humans, they insert their beaks into the mud, anchoring themselves like a ship's anchor.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi states: Dufu fish live in streams and ravines. They are two or three cun long, resembling the Chuisha fish but shorter. Their color is yellow-black with spots. There are spines on the dorsal ridge that sting humans.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric hernia (Chaitui). Split this fish open, bite it seven times with your mouth, and the swelling will subside (Chen Zangqi notes: Chaitui refers to the enlargement of the testicles/scrotum).
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Shifan Fish (from *Yanshu*), Gao Fish.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: Shibang fish grow in the rocky waters of streams in the south. They are several cun long, with white scales and black spots. They float and dive deep. *Linhai Shuitu Ji* records: The large ones are over one chi long, with patterns like tiger stripes, and they have a promiscuous nature; in spring months, they mate with snakes, acquiring toxicity. *Nanfang Yiwu Zhi* records: Gao fish resemble trout, having only females and no males; in the second and third lunar months, they mate with lizards on the water surface, and their fetal toxins become mixed. *Youyang Zazu* records: Shibang fish mate with snakes. In the south, there is a species of earth bee; locals kill these fish and hang them on trees to attract birds to eat them, thereby obtaining bird eggs and intestinal contents.
[Properties and Flavor] Toxic, causes vomiting and diarrhea.
*Yi Shuo* records: Grind the herb Yuweicao (Fish-tail Grass) to extract juice; taking a small amount can detoxify.