（居卫切。《开宝》）
【释名】 鱼（音蓟）、石桂鱼（《开宝》）、
时珍曰∶鳜，蹶也，其体不能屈曲如僵蹶也。 ，
大明曰∶其味如豚，故名水豚，又名鳜豚。
志曰∶昔有仙人刘凭，常食石桂鱼。桂、鳜同音，当即是此。
【集解】时珍曰∶鳜生江湖中。扁形阔腹，大口细鳞。有黑斑，其斑纹尤鲜明者为雄，
稍晦
冬月偎泥 ，鱼之沉下者也。小者味佳，至三五斤
凡十二，以应十二月。误鲠害人，惟橄榄核
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。《日华》曰∶微毒。
【主治】腹内恶血，去腹内小虫，益气力，
令人肥健（《开宝》）。补虚劳，益脾胃
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶张杲《医说》云∶越州邵氏女年十八，病劳瘵累年，偶食鳜鱼
羹遂愈。观此，正与补劳、益胃、杀虫之说相符，则仙人刘凭、隐士张志和之嗜此鱼，非无
谓也。
尾
【主治】小儿软疖，贴之良（时珍）。
胆
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】骨鲠，不拘久近（时珍）。
【附方】旧一。
骨鲠竹木刺入咽喉∶不拘大人小儿，日久或入脏腑，痛刺黄瘦甚者，服之皆出。腊月收
鳜鱼胆，悬北檐下令干。每用一皂子许，煎酒温呷。
得吐，则鲠随涎出。未吐再服，以吐为度。酒随量饮，无不出者。蠡、鲩、鲫胆皆可。
（《
【附录】 鱼 时珍曰∶按《山海经》云∶合水多
食之不痈，可以治 。郭注云∶ ，音滕。逵乃
功用，俱与鳜同，亦鳜之类也。日华子
（居卫切。《开宝本草》）
【释名】 鱼（音蓟）、石桂鱼（《开宝本草》）。
李时珍说：鳜，就是“蹶”的意思，因为它的身体不能像僵直的蹶一样弯曲。
苏颂（字子容，号大明）说：它的味道像猪，所以名叫水豚，又名叫鳜豚。
寇宗奭（字元觉，号志）说：从前有位仙人叫刘凭，经常吃石桂鱼。桂和鳜同音，应当就是这种鱼。
【集解】 李时珍说：鳜鱼生长在江河湖泊中。身体扁平，腹部宽阔，口大鳞细。身上有黑斑，斑纹特别鲜明的是雄鱼，颜色稍暗的是雌鱼。冬天潜伏在泥中，是鱼中沉潜于下的种类。小的味道好，大的重达三五十斤。身上的鳞片通常有十二片，以对应一年十二个月。误吞鱼刺会伤害人，只有橄榄核能化解它。
【气味】 味甘，性平，无毒。《日华子本草》说：微毒。
【主治】 腹内恶血，去除腹内小虫，益气力，使人肥健（《开宝本草》）。补虚劳，益脾胃。
【发明】 李时珍说：据张杲《医说》记载：越州邵氏女十八岁，患痨瘵病多年，偶然吃了鳜鱼羹后痊愈。看这情况，正与补劳、益胃、杀虫的说法相符，那么仙人刘凭、隐士张志和喜爱这种鱼，并非没有道理。
【胆】
【气味】 味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】 骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉），无论时间长短（李时珍）。
【附方】 旧方一道。
骨鲠竹木刺入咽喉：不分大人小孩，日久或刺入脏腑，疼痛剧烈、面色萎黄消瘦严重者，服用此方皆能排出。腊月收集鳜鱼胆，悬挂在北屋檐下晾干。每次用皂角子大小的一粒，煎酒温服。
如果呕吐，鱼刺就会随唾液吐出。未吐再服，以呕吐为限度。酒按量饮用，没有不排出的。蠡鱼、鲩鱼、鲫鱼胆都可以使用。（《本草纲目》）
【附录】 鱼 李时珍说：据《山海经》记载：合水中多产一种鱼，吃它不得痈疽，可以治疗某种疾病。郭璞注解说：这种鱼音同“滕”。逵乃……功用，都与鳜鱼相同，也是鳜鱼的一类。日华子……
(Juwei qie. *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Yu (pronounced Ji), Shiguiyu (*Kaibao Bencao*).
Li Shizhen said: "Gui" is synonymous with "Jue", referring to its body's inability to bend like a stiff, rigid creature.
Su Song (courtesy name Zirong, pseudonym Daming) said: Its taste resembles that of a pig, hence it is named "Shuitun" (Water Pig), and also "Guitun".
Kou Zongshi (courtesy name Yuanjue, pseudonym Zhi) said: In ancient times, an immortal named Liu Ping often ate Shiguiyu. Since "Gui" and "Gui" are homophones, this must be the fish in question.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Guiyu inhabits rivers and lakes. It has a flat body, broad belly, large mouth, and fine scales. It bears black spots; males have particularly distinct patterns, while females are slightly duller. In winter, it burrows into the mud, being among the fish that sink to the bottom. Smaller ones taste better, while larger ones can weigh three to fifty jin. The scales usually number twelve, corresponding to the twelve months of the year. Accidental ingestion of bones harms humans; only olive pits can resolve this issue.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. *Ri Hua Zi Bencao* states: Slightly toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Expels evil blood from the abdomen, eliminates small parasites within the abdomen, boosts Qi and strength, and promotes robustness and health (*Kaibao Bencao*). Tonifies deficiency and fatigue, benefits the Spleen and Stomach.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: According to Zhang Gao's *Yi Shuo*: A woman surnamed Shao from Yuezhou, aged eighteen, suffered from Laozai (consumption/tuberculosis) for years. She happened to eat Guiyu soup and was cured. This observation aligns perfectly with the claims of tonifying fatigue, benefiting the stomach, and eliminating parasites. Thus, the preference for this fish by immortals like Liu Ping and recluses like Zhang Zhihe was not without reason.
[Tail]
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats soft carbuncles in children; applying it externally yields good results (Li Shizhen).
[Gallbladder]
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats bone splinters stuck in the throat, regardless of duration (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
Bone splinters or bamboo/wood thorns lodged in the throat: Applicable to adults and children alike. If lodged for a long time or penetrating into the viscera, causing severe pain, emaciation, and sallow complexion, administration will expel them. Collect Guiyu gallbladders in the twelfth lunar month and hang them under the north eaves to dry. Use an amount the size of a soapberry seed each time, decocted in wine and taken warm. Vomiting will cause the splinter to exit with saliva. If vomiting does not occur, administer again until vomiting ensues. Drink wine according to tolerance; none fail to expel the object. Gallbladders of Liyu, Huanyu, and Jiyu are all usable. (*Bencao Gangmu*)
[Appendix] Yu. Li Shizhen said: According to *Shan Hai Jing*, there is a fish abundant in Heshui. Consuming it prevents abscesses and can treat certain conditions. Guo Pu’s commentary notes: The pronunciation is similar to "Teng". Kui Nai... Its functions are identical to those of Guiyu, making it a type of Guiyu. Ri Hua Zi...