（《别录》上品）
【释名】家雁（《纲目》）、舒雁。
时珍曰∶鹅鸣自呼。江东谓之舒雁，似雁而舒迟也。
【集解】时珍曰∶江淮以南多畜之。有苍、白二色，及大而垂胡者。并绿眼黄喙红掌，
善斗，其夜鸣应更。师旷《禽经》云∶脚近
谓向月取气助卵也。性能啖蛇及蚓，制射
白鹅膏（腊月炼收）
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
【主治】灌耳，治卒聋（《别录》）。润皮肤，可合面脂（《日华》）。涂面急，令人悦白。
唇
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
《日华》曰∶白鹅∶辛，凉，无毒。苍鹅∶冷，有毒，发疮肿。
诜曰∶鹅肉性冷，多食令人易霍乱，发痼疾。
李鹏飞曰∶嫩鹅毒，老鹅良。
【主治】利五脏（《别录》）。解五脏热，服丹石人宜之（孟诜）。煮汁，止消渴（藏器）。
【发明】藏器曰∶苍鹅食虫，主射工毒为良。白鹅不食虫，止渴为胜。
时珍曰∶鹅气味俱浓，发风发疮，莫此为甚，火熏者尤毒。曾目击其害，而本草谓其性
凉利五脏，
可
发胃气者皆能生津，岂独止渴者便曰性凉乎？参苓白术散乃治渴要药，何尝寒凉耶？
（一名尾罂，尾肉也）
时珍曰
【主治】涂手足皴裂。纳耳中，治聋及 耳
血
【气味】咸，平，微毒。
【主治】中射工毒者，饮之，并涂其身（陶弘景）。解药毒（时珍曰∶祈祷家多用之）。
胆
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】解热毒及痔疮初起。频涂抹之，自消（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
痔疮有核∶白鹅胆二三枚，取汁，入熊胆二分，片脑半分，研匀，瓷器密封，勿令泄气。
用则手指涂之，立效。（刘
卵
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】补中益气。多食发痼疾（孟诜）。
涎
【主治】咽喉谷贼（时珍）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶按∶洪迈《夷坚志》云∶小儿误吞稻芒，着咽喉中不能出者，名曰谷贼。惟以
鹅涎灌之即愈。盖鹅涎化谷相制耳。
毛
【主治】射工水毒（《别录》）。小儿惊痫。又烧
【发明】弘景曰∶东川多溪毒，养鹅以辟之。毛羽亦佳，并饮其血。鹅未必食射工，盖
以威
时珍曰∶《禽经》云∶鹅飞则蜮沉。蜮即射工也。又《岭南异物志》云∶邕州蛮人选鹅
腹毳毛为衣、被絮，柔暖而性冷。婴儿尤宜之，能辟惊痫。柳子浓诗云∶鹅毛御腊缝山 ，
即此。盖毛与肉性不同也。
【附方】新二。
通气散∶治误吞铜钱及钩绳。鹅毛一钱（烧灰），磁石皂子大（ ），象牙一钱（烧存性），
为末。每服半钱，新汲水下。（《医方妙选》）
噎食病∶白鹅尾毛烧灰，米汤每服一钱。
掌上黄皮
【主治】烧研，搽脚趾缝湿烂。焙研，油调，涂冻疮良（
屎
【主治】绞汁服，治小儿鹅口疮（时珍。出《秘录》）。
苍鹅屎∶敷虫、蛇咬毒（《日华》）。
【附方】新一。
鹅口疮∶自内生出可治，自外生入不可治。用食草白鹅下清粪滤汁，入沙糖少许搽之。
或用雄鹅粪眠倒者烧灰，入麝香少许搽之，并效。（《永类钤方
（收录于《名医别录》上品）
【释名】家雁（出自《本草纲目》）、舒雁。
李时珍说：鹅的叫声像是在呼唤自己的名字。江东地区称它为舒雁，是因为它外形像雁但行动舒缓迟缓。
【集解】李时珍说：江淮以南地区多饲养这种动物。有青色和白色两种颜色，还有体型大且颈部皮垂（胡）下垂的。它们通常长着绿眼睛、黄嘴壳、红脚掌，善于争斗，夜间鸣叫能报更次。师旷在《禽经》中说：鹅脚靠近……（此处原文似有缺漏或断句问题，结合后文“谓向月取气助卵也”，推测意为鹅脚形态或习性相关描述，但原文断裂严重，仅翻译可见部分）。鹅的特性是能吞食蛇和蚯蚓，并能克制射工虫（一种毒虫）。
白鹅膏（腊月炼制收集）
【气味】味甘，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】滴入耳中，治疗突发性耳聋（出自《名医别录》）。滋润皮肤，可配合制作面部脂膏（出自《日华子本草》）。涂抹面部紧绷处，使人面色悦目洁白。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
《日华子本草》说：白鹅肉味辛，性凉，无毒；苍鹅肉性冷，有毒，易诱发疮肿。
孟诜说：鹅肉性冷，多吃容易让人患霍乱，引发陈旧性疾病。
李鹏飞说：嫩鹅有毒，老鹅较好。
【主治】通利五脏（出自《名医别录》）。解除五脏的热邪，服用丹石类药物的人适宜食用（孟诜）。煮成汁液，可止消渴症（陈藏器）。
【发明】陈藏器说：苍鹅吃虫子，主治射工虫毒效果最好。白鹅不吃虫子，但在止渴方面胜过苍鹅。
李时珍说：鹅的气味浓厚，引发风疾和疮疡，没有比这更严重的了，用火熏制的鹅尤其有毒。我曾亲眼目睹其危害，而本草书籍却说它性凉能利五脏，难道凡是能生发胃气、生津液的药物都算是性凉吗？仅仅因为能止渴就说它性凉吗？参苓白术散是治疗口渴的要药，何尝是寒凉性质的呢？
（鹅尾又称尾罂，即尾部肉）
李时珍说
【主治】涂抹手足干裂。塞入耳中，治疗耳聋及耳部疾病。
【气味】血味咸，性平，微毒。
【主治】被射工虫毒伤的人，饮用鹅血并涂抹全身（陶弘景）。解药物中毒（李时珍说：从事祈祷祭祀的人多用此法）。
胆
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】解除热毒及痔疮初起症状。频繁涂抹，自然消退（李时珍）。
【附方】新编一方。
痔疮有肿块：取二三枚白鹅胆，提取胆汁，加入二分熊胆、半分冰片，研磨均匀，用瓷器密封保存，不要漏气。使用时用手指蘸取涂抹，立即见效。（刘完素等医家经验，原文截断）
卵
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】补益中气，益气力。多吃会引发陈旧性疾病（孟诜）。
涎
【发明】
李时珍说：据洪迈《夷坚志》记载：小儿误吞稻芒，卡在咽喉中无法取出，名叫“谷贼”。只有用鹅唾液灌服才能痊愈。这是因为鹅唾液能化解谷物并相互制约的缘故。
毛
【主治】治疗射工水毒（《名医别录》）。小儿惊风癫痫。又烧……（原文截断）
【发明】陶弘景说：东川地区多有溪毒，养鹅可以辟除它。鹅的羽毛也很好，连同它的血液一起饮用。鹅未必真的吃射工虫，大概是……（原文截断）
李时珍说：《禽经》说：鹅飞起来，蜮（射工虫）就会沉下去。蜮就是射工虫。另外《岭南异物志》说：邕州少数民族挑选鹅腹部的细毛做衣服、被絮，柔软温暖且性质偏冷。婴儿尤其适合使用，能辟除惊风癫痫。柳宗浓的诗说：“鹅毛御腊缝山...”（诗句截断），说的就是这个道理。大概是因为鹅毛与鹅肉的性质不同。
【附方】新编二方。
通气散：治疗误吞铜钱及钩绳。鹅毛一钱（烧成灰），磁石皂子大小（捣碎），象牙一钱（烧至存性），研为细末。每次服用半钱，用刚打来的冷水送服。（出自《医方妙选》）
噎食病：将白鹅尾毛烧成灰，每次用米汤送服一钱。
掌上黄皮
【主治】烧成粉末，搽涂脚趾缝湿烂处。焙干研末，用油调匀，涂抹冻疮效果好（出处截断）
屎
【主治】绞取汁液服用，治疗小儿鹅口疮（李时珍，出自《秘录》）。
苍鹅屎：敷贴虫咬、蛇咬之毒（《日华子本草》）。
【附方】新编一方。
鹅口疮：从内部生出者可治，从外部侵入者不可治。用吃草白鹅排出的清粪过滤出汁液，加入少许砂糖涂抹患处。或者用雄鹅倒卧排泄的粪便烧成灰，加入少许麝香涂抹，均有效。（出自《永类钤方》）
(Recorded in the Upper Grade of *Bie Lu* [Separate Records])
[Names] Jia Yan (Domestic Goose, from *Ben Cao Gang Mu*), Shu Yan.
Li Shizhen stated: The goose calls out its own name. In the Jiangdong region, it is called Shu Yan because it resembles a wild goose but moves slowly and leisurely.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: It is widely raised south of the Jianghuai region. There are green and white varieties, as well as those that are large with hanging neck wattles. They typically have green eyes, yellow beaks, and red feet. They are good at fighting, and their night cries correspond to the watch hours. Shi Kuang's *Qin Jing* [Classic of Birds and Animals] states: ...feet near... (text fragment). It is said they draw qi from the moon to assist egg formation. Its nature allows it to eat snakes and earthworms, and it can counteract the She Gong insect [a toxic aquatic insect].
White Goose Ointment (Refined and collected in the twelfth lunar month)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Drip into the ear to treat sudden deafness (*Bie Lu*). Moisturizes the skin; can be combined to make facial cosmetics (*Ri Hua*). Applied to tight facial skin, it makes the complexion bright and white.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
*Ri Hua Ben Cao* states: White goose meat is pungent, cool, and non-toxic; Green goose meat is cold and toxic, prone to inducing sores and swelling.
Meng Shen stated: Goose meat is cold in nature; excessive consumption easily causes cholera and triggers chronic diseases.
Li Pengfei stated: Young geese are toxic; old geese are superior.
[Indications] Promotes the free flow of the Five Zang Organs (*Bie Lu*). Clears heat from the Five Zang Organs; suitable for those taking Dan Shi [mineral pills/elixirs] (Meng Shen). Boiled into juice, it stops thirst (Chen Cangqi).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi stated: Green geese eat insects and are best for treating She Gong toxicity. White geese do not eat insects but excel at quenching thirst.
Li Shizhen stated: The flavor and nature of goose are strong; it induces wind disorders and sores more severely than any other food. Fire-smoked goose is especially toxic. I have witnessed its harmful effects with my own eyes. Yet, herbal texts claim it is cool and benefits the five zang organs. Does every substance that generates stomach qi and produces body fluids count as cool? Just because something quenches thirst does not mean it is inherently cool? Can Ling Bai Zhu San [Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder], a key remedy for thirst, be considered cold or cool?
(Goose tail is also known as Wei Ying, referring to the tail meat.)
Li Shizhen stated
[Indications] Apply to cracked hands and feet. Insert into the ear to treat deafness and ear diseases.
[Blood - Flavor and Nature] Salty, neutral, slightly toxic.
[Indications] For those poisoned by the She Gong insect, drink the blood and apply it to the body (Tao Hongjing). Resolves drug toxicity (Li Shizhen stated: Often used by practitioners of prayer and rituals).
[Gallbladder]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves heat toxicity and early-stage hemorrhoids. Frequent application leads to spontaneous resolution (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] New Formula 1.
Hemorrhoids with nodules: Take two or three gallbladders from a white goose, extract the juice, add two fen of Ursus Arctos Bile [Bear Gallbladder] and half a fen of Borneolum Syntheticum [Borneol], grind uniformly, seal tightly in a porcelain vessel to prevent leakage. When using, apply with a finger; immediate effect is achieved. (Liu...)
[Egg]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Tonifies the Middle Jiao and boosts Qi. Excessive consumption triggers chronic diseases (Meng Shen).
[Saliva]
[Indications] Treats "Gu Zei" [Rice awn stuck in throat] in the throat (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Hong Mai's *Yi Jian Zhi*: If a child accidentally swallows a rice awn that gets stuck in the throat and cannot be removed, it is called "Gu Zei." Only irrigating with goose saliva brings recovery. This is because goose saliva dissolves grain matter through mutual constraint.
[Feather]
[Indications] Treats She Gong water toxicity (*Bie Lu*). Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Also burned... (text fragment)
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing stated: The Dongchuan region has many stream toxins; raising geese repels them. The feathers are also excellent, along with drinking its blood. Geese may not necessarily eat the She Gong insect, but rather... (text fragment)
Li Shizhen stated: *Qin Jing* says: When the goose flies, the Yu [She Gong insect] sinks. The Yu is the She Gong insect. Additionally, *Lingnan Yiwu Zhi* states: People in Yongzhou select the down from the goose's belly to make clothes and quilts; they are soft, warm, and have a cold nature. Infants benefit particularly from them, as they repel convulsions and epilepsy. Liu Zongnong's poem states: "Goose feathers ward off the bitter cold, stitched into mountain..." (poem fragment), referring to this. It seems the nature of feathers differs from that of meat.
[Attached Prescriptions] New Formulas 2.
Tong Qi San [Ventilation Powder]: Treats accidental swallowing of copper coins, hooks, and ropes. Goose feather one qian [burned to ash], Magnetitum [magnet stone] the size of a soap bean [crushed], Elephantis Dentis Substantia [Ivory] one qian [burned until charred but retaining essence], ground into powder. Take half a qian per dose, washed down with fresh drawn water. (*Yi Fang Miao Xuan*)
Dysphagia [Swallowing difficulty]: Burn white goose tail feathers to ash, take one qian each time with rice soup.
[Yellow Skin on Palm]
[Indications] Burn and grind into powder, apply to wet rot between toes. Bake, grind into powder, mix with oil, and apply for chapped/cold-sores (Source truncated).
[Feces]
[Indications] Squeeze out juice and ingest to treat pediatric thrush [Candidiasis] (Li Shizhen, from *Mi Lu*).
Green goose feces: Apply to insect and snake bites/poison (*Ri Hua*).
[Attached Prescriptions] New Formula 1.
Pediatric Thrush: Those arising from within are treatable; those invading from without are untreatable. Use clear feces from a grass-eating white goose, filter the juice, add a little rock sugar, and apply to the affected area. Alternatively, burn the feces of a male goose found lying down to ash, add a little Moschus [Musk], and apply; both methods are effective. (*Yong Lei Qian Fang*)