（宋《嘉 》）
【集解】藏器曰∶黄栌生商洛山谷，四川界甚有之。叶圆木黄，可
木
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】除烦热，解酒疸目黄，水煮服之（藏器）。洗赤眼及汤火、
【附方】新一。
大风癞疾∶黄栌木五两（锉，用新汲水一斗浸二七日，焙研），苏方木五两，乌麻子一
斗
（九蒸九曝），天麻二两，丁香、乳香各一两，为末。以赤黍米一升淘净，用浸黄栌水煮米
粥捣和，丸梧桐子大。每服二、三十丸，食后浆水下，日二、夜一。（《圣济总录
（《本经》中品）
【校正】并入有名未用逐折。
【释名】烈朴（《日华》）、赤朴（《别录》）、浓皮（同）、重皮（《广雅》），树名榛（《
别录》），子名逐折（《别录》）。
时珍曰∶其木质朴而皮浓，味辛烈而色紫赤，故有浓朴、烈、赤诸名。
颂曰∶《广雅》谓之重皮，方书或作浓皮也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶浓朴生交趾、冤句。三月、九月、十月采皮
弘景曰∶今出建平、宜都。极浓、肉紫色为好，壳薄而白者不佳。俗方多用，道家不须
也。
颂曰∶今洛阳、陕西、江淮、湖南、蜀川山谷中往往有之，而以梓州、龙州者为上。木
高三、四丈，径一、二尺。春生叶如槲叶，四季不凋。红花而青实。皮极鳞皱而浓，紫色多
润者佳，薄
宗 曰∶今伊芳阳县及商州亦有，但薄而色淡，不如梓州者浓而紫色有油。
时珍曰∶朴树肤白肉紫，叶如槲叶。五、六月开细花，结实如冬青子，生青熟赤，有核
。七、八月采之，味甘美。
皮
【修治】 曰∶凡使要紫色味辛者为好，刮去粗皮。入丸散，
若入汤饮，用自然姜汁八两炙尽为度。
大明曰∶凡入药去粗皮，用姜汁炙，或浸炒用。
宗 曰∶味苦。不以姜制，则棘人喉舌。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
《别录》曰∶大温。吴普曰∶神农、岐伯、雷公∶苦，无毒；李当之∶小温。
权曰∶苦、辛，大热。
元素曰∶气温，味苦、辛。气味俱浓，体重浊而微降，阴中阳也。
杲曰∶可升可降。
之才曰∶干姜为之使。恶泽泻、硝石、寒水石。忌豆，食之动气。
【主治】中风伤寒，头痛寒热惊悸，气血痹，死肌，去三虫（《本
温中益气，消痰下气，疗霍乱及腹痛胀满，胃中冷逆，胸中呕不止，泄痢淋露，除惊，
去留热心烦满，浓肠胃（《别录》）。健脾，治反胃，霍乱转筋，冷热气，泻膀胱及五脏一切
气
虚
吼，
（甄权）。
【发明】宗 曰∶浓朴，平胃散中用，最调中。至今此药盛行，既能温脾胃，又能走冷
气，为世所须也。元素曰∶浓朴之用有三∶平胃，一也；去腹胀，二也；孕妇忌之，三也。
虽除腹胀，若
药也。
泻
哉！其治腹胀者，因其味辛以提其滞气，滞行则宜去之。若气实人，误服参、 药多补气，
胀闷或作喘，宜此泻之。
浓肠胃，去腹满，果
是
也。若与橘皮、苍术同用，则能除湿满，所谓温中益气是也。与解利药同用，则治伤寒头痛；
与泻痢药同用，则浓肠胃。大抵其性味苦温，用苦则泄，用温则补也。故成无己云∶浓朴之
苦，以泄腹满。
【附方】旧九，新五。
浓朴煎丸∶孙兆云∶补肾不如补脾。脾胃气壮，则能饮食。饮食既进，则益营卫，养精
血，滋骨髓。是以《素问》云∶精不足者补之以味；形不足者，补之以气。此药大补脾胃虚
损，温中降气，
皮切片），以水五升同煮干，去姜，焙朴。以干姜四两，甘
去草，焙姜、朴为末。用枣肉、生姜同煮熟，去姜，捣枣和，丸梧子大。每服五十丸，米饮
下。一方加熟附子。（王 《百一选方》）
炙黄为末。非时米饮调下二钱匕。（《圣惠方》）
五枚，以水一斗二升，煎取五升，入大黄四两，再煎三升。温服一升，转动更服，不动勿服。
（张仲景《金匮要略》）
十
枚，大枳实五枚，桂二两，生姜五两，以水一斗，煎取四升。温服八合，日三。呕者，加半
夏五合。（《金匮要略》）
黑）为末。以陈米饮调服二钱匕，日三服。（《斗门方》）
朴、干姜等分为末，蜜丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸，米饮下。（鲍氏方）
痰
惊∶梓朴散∶用梓州浓朴一两，半夏（汤泡七次，姜汁浸半日，晒干）一钱，以米泔三升同
浸
一百刻，水尽为度。如未尽，少加火熬干。去浓朴，只研半夏。每服半钱或一字。薄荷汤调
下。（钱乙《小儿直诀》）
姜
二两，水六升，煎取二升，分三服。此陶隐居方也。唐·石泉公王方庆《广南方》云∶此方
不惟治霍乱，凡诸病皆治。《圣惠方》∶用浓朴（姜汁炙），研末。新汲水服二钱，如神。
痢
水谷久不瘥者∶浓朴三两，黄连三两，水三升，煎一升，空心细服。（《梅师
浓朴生研，猪脏（煮）捣和，丸梧桐子大。每姜水下三十丸。（《十便良方》）
脾
不调，肾气混浊。用浓朴（姜汁炙）一两，白茯苓一钱，水、酒各一碗，煎一碗，温服。（《经
验良方》）。月水不通∶浓朴三两（炙切）。水三升，煎一升，分二服，空心饮。不过三、四
剂，神验。一加桃仁、红花。（《子母秘录
逐折
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】疗鼠 ，明目益气（《别录》）。
【正误】《别录》有名未用曰∶逐折杀鼠，益气明目。一名百合，一名浓实，生木间，
茎黄。七月实，黑如大豆。弘景曰∶杜仲子，亦名逐折。《别录》浓朴条下，已言子名逐折；
而有名未用中复出逐折，主治相同，惟鼠 、杀鼠字误，未知孰是尔？所云浓实，乃浓朴实
也，故皮谓之浓皮。陶氏不知，援引杜仲为注，皆误矣。今正之。
【附录】浮烂罗勒 藏器曰∶生康国。皮似浓朴，味酸，平，无毒。
主一切风气，开胃补心，除冷痹，调脏腑。
【集解】唐代苏恭（《新修本草》）记载：黄栌生长在商州、洛州的深山谷中，四川边界也非常多。叶子圆形，木质黄色，可以用来……
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】清除烦热，解除酒疸引起的目黄，用水煮后服用（苏恭）。清洗红眼以及烫伤、火伤……
【附方】新增一方。
大风癞疾（麻风病）：取黄栌木五两（锉碎，用一斗新汲井水浸泡两个七天，焙干研末），苏方木五两，乌麻子一斗（经过九次蒸、九次晒），天麻二两，丁香、乳香各一两，研成细末。用赤黍米一升淘洗干净，用浸泡过黄栌的水来煮米粥，捣烂混合，制成梧桐子大小的药丸。每次服用二三十丸，饭后用浆水送服，每日两次，夜间一次。（出自《圣济总录》）
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【校正】并入“有名未用”类，逐折单独析出。
【释名】烈朴（《日华子本草》）、赤朴（《名医别录》）、浓皮（同义）、重皮（《广雅》），树名叫榛（《名医别录》），种子叫逐折（《名医别录》）。
李时珍说：它的木质朴实而树皮厚浓，味道辛辣猛烈且颜色紫赤，所以有浓朴、烈、赤等名称。
苏颂说：《广雅》称之为重皮，医方书中有时写作浓皮。
【集解】《名医别录》说：浓朴生长在交趾、冤句。三月、九月、十月采集树皮。
陶弘景说：现在出产于建平、宜都。极厚、肉质紫色的是上品，壳薄而白色的不好。俗方多用，道家不需要。
苏颂说：现在洛阳、陕西、江淮、湖南、蜀川的山谷中往往都有，但以梓州、龙州出产的为上品。树木高三四丈，直径一二尺。春天生叶像槲树叶，四季不凋谢。开红花结青果。树皮极皱裂且厚，紫色多润泽的好，薄的……
寇宗奭说：现在伊阳县及商州也有，但皮薄色淡，不如梓州的厚且紫色有油性。
李时珍说：朴树肤白肉紫，叶像槲树叶。五六月开小花，结实像冬青子，生时青色熟时红色，有核。七八月采集，味道甘美。
【修治】……说：凡是使用要选紫色味辛的为好，刮去粗皮。入丸散剂，……若入汤剂饮用，用自然姜汁八两炙透为止。
孟诜说：凡是入药去掉粗皮，用姜汁炙，或浸炒使用。
寇宗奭说：味苦。不用姜炮制，就会刺激喉咙舌头。
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
《名医别录》说：大温。吴普说：神农、岐伯、雷公认为：苦，无毒；李当之认为：小温。
李珣说：苦、辛，大热。
张元素说：气温，味苦、辛。气味俱浓，体重浊而微降，属于阴中之阳。
张杲说：可升可降。
徐之才说：干姜是它的引经药。厌恶泽泻、硝石、寒水石。忌食豆类，吃了会动气。
【主治】中风伤寒，头痛寒热惊悸，气血痹阻，死肌，去除三虫（《神农本草经》）。
温中益气，消痰下气，治疗霍乱及腹痛胀满，胃中冷逆，胸中呕吐不止，泄痢淋露，消除惊恐，去除留热心烦满，厚肠胃（《名医别录》）。健脾，治疗反胃，霍乱转筋，冷热气，泻膀胱及五脏一切气虚吼……（甄权）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：浓朴在平胃散中使用，最能调理中焦。至今此药盛行，既能温脾胃，又能驱散冷气，为世人所需。
张元素说：浓朴的作用有三点：一是平胃，二是去腹胀，三是孕妇忌用。虽然能除腹胀，如果……误服参、芪等补气药多了导致胀闷甚至喘促，宜用此药泻之。
厚肠胃，去腹满，果然是……如果是实证，误服参、芪等补气药多了，胀闷或作喘，宜用此药泻之。
浓肠胃，去腹满，果真是……它与橘皮、苍术同用，则能除湿满，所谓温中益气就是如此。与解表药同用，则治伤寒头痛；与泻痢药同用，则厚肠胃。大致其性味苦温，用苦则泄，用温则补。所以成无己说：浓朴之苦，以泄腹满。
【附方】旧方九首，新方五首。
浓朴煎丸：孙兆说：补肾不如补脾。脾胃气壮，则能饮食。饮食既进，则益营卫，养精血，滋骨髓。所以《素问》说：精不足者补之以味；形不足者，补之以气。此药大补脾胃虚损，温中降气。
（将浓朴切片），与水五升同煮至干，去掉姜，焙干浓朴。用干姜四两，甘草（去草，焙干），姜、朴研末。用枣肉、生姜同煮熟，去掉姜，捣枣肉和药末，制成梧桐子大小的丸。每次五十丸，米饮送下。另一方加熟附子。（王璆《百一选方》）
炙黄（浓朴）为末。不时用米饮调下二钱匕。（《圣惠方》）
（枳实）十枚，大黄四两，以水一斗二升，煎取五升，入大黄四两，再煎至三升。温服一升，转动更服，不动勿服。（张仲景《金匮要略》）
（厚朴）十枚，大枳实五枚，桂枝二两，生姜五两，以水一斗，煎取四升。温服八合，每日三次。呕者，加半夏五合。（《金匮要略》）
黑）为末。用陈米饮调服二钱匕，每日三次。（《斗门方》）
朴、干姜等分为末，蜜丸梧桐子大。每次五十丸，米饮送下。（鲍氏方）
痰惊：梓朴散：用梓州浓朴一两，半夏（汤泡七次，姜汁浸半日，晒干）一钱，用米泔水三升同浸一百刻，水尽为度。如未尽，稍加火熬干。去掉浓朴，只研半夏。每次半钱或一字。薄荷汤调下。（钱乙《小儿直诀》）
姜二两，水六升，煎取二升，分三次服。这是陶隐居的方子。唐代石泉公王方庆《广南方》说：此方不仅治霍乱，凡诸病皆治。《圣惠方》：用浓朴（姜汁炙），研末。新汲水服二钱，如神。
痢疾水谷久不瘥者：浓朴三两，黄连三两，水三升，煎一升，空心细服。（《梅师方》）
浓朴生研，猪脏（煮）捣和，丸梧桐子大。每次姜水下三十丸。（《十便良方》）
脾不调，肾气混浊。用浓朴（姜汁炙）一两，白茯苓一钱，水、酒各一碗，煎一碗，温服。（《经验良方》）。月水不通：浓朴三两（炙切）。水三升，煎一升，分二次服，空心饮。不过三四剂，神验。一加桃仁、红花。（《子母秘录》）
逐折
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】治疗鼠瘰，明目益气（《名医别录》）。
【正误】《名医别录》有名未用条下说：逐折杀鼠，益气明目。一名百合，一名浓实，生在树林间，茎黄。七月结果，黑如大豆。陶弘景说：杜仲子，也叫逐折。《名医别录》浓朴条下，已经说子名逐折；而在有名未用中又复出逐折，主治相同，惟鼠瘰、杀鼠字有误，不知谁是谁非？所说的浓实，乃是浓朴之实也，所以皮谓之浓皮。陶氏不知，援引杜仲为注，都是错误的。现在纠正。
[Collection of Explanations] Su Gong (Tang Dynasty, *Xinxiu Bencao*) records: Huanglu grows in the deep valleys of Shangzhou and Luozhou, and is very abundant in the border areas of Sichuan. The leaves are round, and the wood is yellow, which can be used for...
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Clears irritability and heat, resolves jaundice with yellow eyes caused by alcohol intoxication; decoct in water and take orally (Su Gong). Wash red eyes as well as burns and scalds...
[Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Leprosy (Hansen's disease): Take 5 liang of Huanglu wood (crushed, soaked in 1 dou of fresh well water for 14 days, dried and powdered), 5 liang of Sufang wood, 1 dou of black sesame seeds (steamed and sun-dried nine times), 2 liang of Tianma, 1 liang each of Dingxiang and Ruxiang, ground into fine powder. Wash 1 sheng of red millet thoroughly, cook the millet porridge using the water in which the Huanglu was soaked, mash and mix with the powder, and form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20-30 pills after meals, washed down with fermented grain drink (jiangshui), twice daily and once at night. (From *Shengji Zonglu*)
(Listed in Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Merged into the "Named but Unused" category; Zhuzhe is extracted separately.
[Names] Liepo (*Rihua Bencao*), Chipo (*Mingyi Bielu*), Nongpi (synonymous), Chongpi (*Guangya*). The tree is named Zhen (*Mingyi Bielu*), and the seed is named Zhuzhe (*Mingyi Bielu*).
Li Shizhen states: Its wood is plain and its bark is thick; its flavor is pungent and acrid, and its color is purple-red. Hence the names Nongpo, Lie, and Chi.
Su Song states: *Guangya* calls it Chongpi; medical texts sometimes write it as Nongpi.
[Collection of Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Nongpo grows in Jiaozhi and Yuanju. The bark is harvested in the third, ninth, and tenth months.
Tao Hongjing states: It is currently produced in Jianping and Yidu. Those that are extremely thick with purple flesh are superior; those with thin shells and white interiors are inferior. Common prescriptions use it frequently, but Daoist practitioners do not require it.
Su Song states: It is now found in the valleys of Luoyang, Shaanxi, Jianghuai, Hunan, and Shuchuan, but those from Zizhou and Longzhou are considered the best. The trees are three to four zhang high and one to two chi in diameter. Leaves emerge in spring resembling oak leaves and remain evergreen. They bear red flowers and green fruits. The bark is deeply wrinkled and thick; those that are purple and moist are good, while thin ones are...
Kou Zongshi states: It is also found in Yixian County and Shangzhou, but the bark is thin and pale, lacking the thickness and oily purple hue of Zizhou specimens.
Li Shizhen states: The Pu tree has white skin and purple flesh, with leaves resembling oak leaves. Small flowers bloom in the fifth and sixth months; the fruit resembles holly berries, turning from green to red when ripe, containing a core. Harvested in the seventh and eighth months, it has a sweet and pleasant taste.
[Processing] ...states: Select specimens that are purple and pungent in flavor for best quality; scrape off the rough outer bark. For pills and powders... If used in decoctions, process with 8 liang of natural ginger juice until fully roasted.
Meng Shen states: Remove the rough bark before medicinal use; process with ginger juice or stir-fry after soaking.
Kou Zongshi states: It is bitter. Without ginger processing, it will irritate the throat and tongue.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Greatly warm. Wu Pu states: Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong consider it bitter and non-toxic; Li Dangzhi considers it slightly warm.
Li Xun states: Bitter and pungent, greatly hot.
Zhang Yuansu states: Warm in nature, bitter and pungent in flavor. Both flavor and qi are strong; it is heavy, turbid, and slightly descending, belonging to yang within yin.
Zhang Gao states: It can ascend and descend.
Xu Zhicai states: Ganjiang is its guiding herb. It clashes with Zexie, Xiaoshi, and Hanshuishi. Beans are contraindicated, as consumption disturbs qi.
[Indications] Wind-stroke and cold damage, headache with alternating chills and fever, palpitations due to fright, bi-syndrome of qi and blood, necrotic tissue, expels the three parasites (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Warms the middle and benefits qi, resolves phlegm and directs qi downward, treats cholera-like syndrome with abdominal pain and distension, cold rebellion in the stomach, incessant vomiting in the chest, dysentery and strangury, eliminates fright, removes lingering heat, irritability, and fullness, and thickens the intestines and stomach (*Mingyi Bielu*). Strengthens the spleen, treats retrograde vomiting, cholera with muscle cramps, cold and hot qi disorders, bladder emptying, and all qi deficiencies affecting the five zang organs causing wheezing... (Zhen Quan).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi states: Nongpo is used in Pingwei San to regulate the middle jiao most effectively. This herb is popular today because it warms the spleen and stomach and dispels cold qi, meeting worldly needs.
Zhang Yuansu states: Nongpo has three uses: first, to level the stomach; second, to remove abdominal distension; third, it is contraindicated for pregnant women. Although it removes distension, if... mistakenly taken with Ginseng and Astragalus (tonifying herbs) leading to bloating or asthma, this herb should be used to drain it.
Thickens the intestines and stomach, removes abdominal fullness, indeed... If the patient has excess condition, and mistakenly taking tonifying herbs causes bloating or wheezing, this herb is suitable to drain it.
Thickening the intestines and stomach and removing abdominal fullness is indeed... When combined with Chenpi and Cangzhu, it dampens distension, which is what is meant by warming the middle and benefiting qi. Combined with exterior-resolving herbs, it treats headache from cold damage; combined with dysentery-resolving herbs, it thickens the intestines and stomach. Generally, its nature and flavor are bitter and warm; bitterness drains, while warmth tonifies. Thus, Cheng Wuji stated: The bitterness of Nongpo drains abdominal fullness.
[Prescriptions] Nine old prescriptions, five new prescriptions.
Nongpo Decoction Pills: Sun Zhao states: Tonifying the kidney is不如 tonifying the spleen. When spleen and stomach qi are strong, digestion occurs. Once food is ingested, it nourishes Ying and Wei, nurtures essence and blood, and moisturizes bone marrow. Thus, *Suwen* states: Deficiency of essence is treated by flavor; deficiency of form is treated by qi. This formula greatly tonifies spleen and stomach deficiency, warms the middle, and directs qi downward.
(Slice Nongpo), boil together with 5 sheng of water until dry, remove ginger, and dry-roast Nongpo. Use 4 liang of Ganjiang, Gancao (remove stalks, dry-roast), and grind Jiang and Po into powder. Cook dates and ginger together until soft, remove ginger, mash dates, and mix with the powder to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills washed down with rice drink. Another version adds Shu Fuzi. (Wang Qiu, *Baiyi Xuanfang*)
Roasted Huang (Nongpo) powdered. Take 2 qianbi mixed with rice drink as needed. (*Shenghui Fang*)
(Zhishi) 10 pieces, Dahuang 4 liang, boil 1 dou 2 sheng of water to obtain 5 sheng, add Dahuang 4 liang, boil again to 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm; if bowels move, take more; if not, do not take. (Zhang Zhongjing, *Jingui Yaolue*)
(Houpo) 10 pieces, large Zhishi 5 pieces, Guizhi 2 liang, Shengjiang 5 liang, boil 1 dou of water to obtain 4 sheng. Take 8 ge warm, three times daily. If vomiting, add Banxia 5 he. (*Jingui Yaolue*)
Black) powdered. Take 2 qianbi mixed with aged rice drink, three times daily. (*Doumen Fang*)
Po and Ganjiang in equal parts, powdered, honey-pilled to paulownia seed size. Take 50 pills washed down with rice drink. (Bao's Formula)
Phlegm-Fright: Zipo San: Use 1 liang of Zizhou Nongpo, Banxia (boiled seven times, soaked in ginger juice for half a day, dried) 1 qian, soak together in 3 sheng of rice wash water for 100 ke (approx. 4 hours) until water is exhausted. If not dry, apply slight heat to dry. Remove Nongpo, only powder the Banxia. Take half a qian or one zi character amount. Mix with mint tea. (Qian Yi, *Xiao'er Zhijue*)
Ginger 2 liang, water 6 sheng, boil to obtain 2 sheng, divide into three doses. This is Tao Hongjing's formula. Tang Dynasty Prince Shiquan Wang Fangqing's *Guangnan Fang* states: This formula not only treats cholera but all diseases. *Shenghui Fang*: Use Nongpo (processed with ginger juice), powder it. Take 2 qian with fresh well water, miraculous effect.
Dysentery with undigested food persisting: Nongpo 3 liang, Huanglian 3 liang, water 3 sheng, boil to 1 sheng. Take finely on an empty stomach. (*Meishi Fang*)
Freshly powdered Nongpo, pork intestine (boiled) mashed and mixed, formed into paulownia seed-sized pills. Take 30 pills washed down with ginger water. (*Shibian Liangfang*)
Spleen dysfunction and turbid kidney qi. Use Nongpo (ginger-processed) 1 liang, Baifuling 1 qian, boil one bowl each of water and wine to one bowl, take warm. (*Jingyan Liangfang*). Amenorrhea: Nongpo 3 liang (roasted and sliced). Water 3 sheng, boil to 1 sheng, divide into two doses, take on an empty stomach. Within three to four doses, miraculous effect. Add Taoren and Honghua. (*Zimu Milu*)
Zhuzhe
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats scrofula, brightens eyes, benefits qi (*Mingyi Bielu*).
[Correction/Verification] *Mingyi Bielu* under "Named but Unused" states: Zhuzhe kills rats, benefits qi and brightens eyes. Also known as Baihe and Nongshi, growing among trees, with yellow stems. Bears fruit in the seventh month, black like soybeans. Tao Hongjing states: Du Zhong seeds are also called Zhuzhe. In the Nongpo section of *Mingyi Bielu*, the seed is already named Zhuzhe; yet it reappears in "Named but Unused" with identical indications, except for errors regarding "scrofula" and "rat-killing." It is unclear which is correct. The term Nongshi refers to the fruit of Nongpo, hence the bark is called Nongpi. Tao did not understand this and cited Du Zhong as a note, which is erroneous. This is now corrected.
[Appendix] Fuluan Luole Su Gong states: Grows in Kangguo. Bark resembles Nongpo, sour flavor, neutral, non-toxic. Treats all wind conditions, opens the stomach, tonifies the heart, removes cold bi-syndrome, regulates the zang-fu.