（《本经》上品）
【释名】思仲（《别录》）、思仙（《本经》）、
时珍曰∶昔有杜仲服此得道，因以名之。思仲、思仙，皆由此义。其皮中有银丝如绵，
故曰木绵。其子名逐折，与浓朴子同名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶杜仲生上虞山谷及上党、汉中。二月、五月
弘景曰∶上虞在豫州，虞、虢之虞，非会稽上虞县也。今用出建平、宜都者。状如浓朴
，折之多白丝者为佳。
保升曰∶生深山大谷，所在有之。树高数丈，叶似辛夷。
颂曰∶今出商州、成州、峡州近处大山中，叶亦类柘，其皮折之白丝相连。
江南谓之 。初生嫩叶可食，谓之
皮
【修治】 曰∶凡使削去粗皮。每一斤，用酥一两，蜜三两，
锉用。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶甘，温。权曰∶苦，暖。
甘。气味俱薄，沉而降，阴也。
参、蛇蜕皮。
【主治】腰膝痛，补中益精气，坚筋骨，强志，除阴下痒湿，小便余沥。久服，轻身耐
老（《本经》）。脚中酸疼，不欲践地（《别录》）。
人虚而身强直，风也。腰不利，加而用之（甄权）。能使筋骨相着（
风虚（好古）。
【发明】时珍曰∶杜仲古方只知滋肾，惟王好古言是肝经气分药，润肝燥，补
昔人所未发也。盖肝主筋，肾主骨。肾充则骨强，肝充则筋健。屈伸利用，皆属于筋。杜仲
色紫而润，味甘微辛，其气温平。甘温能补，微辛能润。故能入肝而补肾，子能令母实也。
按∶庞元英《谈薮》∶一少年新娶，后得脚软病，且疼甚。医作香港脚治不效。路钤孙琳诊之。
用
曰∶此乃肾虚，非香港脚也。杜仲能治腰膝痛，以酒行之，则为效容易矣。
【附方】旧六，新三。
青娥丸∶方见补骨脂下。
肾虚腰痛∶崔元亮《海上集验方》∶用杜仲去皮炙黄一大斤，分作十剂。每夜取一剂，
以水一大升，浸至五更，煎三分减一，取汁，以羊肾三、四枚切下，再煮三、五沸，如作羹
法，和以椒、盐，空腹顿服。《圣惠方》∶入薤白七茎。箧中方∶加五味
腰背虚痛∶杜仲一斤切炒，酒二升，渍十日，日服三合。此陶隐居得效方也。《三因方》∶为
末，每旦以温酒服二钱。
止更服。（《肘后方》）
炒去丝），续断二两（酒浸焙干）。为末，以山药五、
十丸，空心米饮下。《肘后方》∶用杜仲焙研，枣肉
后诸疾及胎脏不安∶杜仲去皮，瓦上焙干，木臼捣末，煮枣肉和，丸弹子大。每服一丸，糯
米饮下，日二服。（《胜金方》）
芽
【气味】缺。
【主治】作蔬，去风毒香港脚，久积风冷，肠痔下血。亦可煎汤（苏颂）。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】思仲（出自《名医别录》）、思仙（出自《神农本草经》）。
李时珍说：从前有人服用此药得道成仙，因此用它来命名。思仲、思仙，都是依据这个含义命名的。它的皮中有像棉絮一样的银白色丝状物，所以称为木绵。它的种子名叫逐折，与厚朴的种子同名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：杜仲生长在上虞的山谷以及上党、汉中地区。二月、五月采收。
陶弘景说：上虞位于豫州，是虞国、虢国的虞地，不是会稽郡的上虞县。现在使用的杜仲产自建平、宜都。形状像厚朴，折断后白色丝多的是佳品。
苏保升说：生长在深山的大谷中，各地都有。树高数丈，叶子像辛夷。
苏颂说：现在产于商州、成州、峡州附近的大山中，叶子也像柘树，它的皮折断后白色丝相连。
江南人称它为[缺失字]。初生的嫩叶可以吃，称之为[缺失字]。
【修治】[缺失人名]说：凡是用杜仲，要削去粗皮。每一斤杜仲，用酥油一两，蜂蜜三两，锉碎后用。
【气味】辛味，平性，无毒。《名医别录》说：甘味，温性。王权说：苦味，暖性。
甘味。气味都比较淡薄，性质沉降，属于阴。
配伍人参、蛇蜕皮。
【主治】腰膝疼痛，补益中气，增益精气，坚固筋骨，增强意志，消除阴部瘙痒潮湿，小便淋漓不尽。长期服用，能使身体轻便，延缓衰老（出自《神农本草经》）。脚中酸痛，不想踩在地上（出自《名医别录》）。
人体虚弱而身体强直，这是风邪所致。腰部活动不利，加入杜仲使用（甄权）。能使筋骨紧密结合（[缺失人名]）。治疗风虚证（好古）。
【发明】李时珍说：杜仲在古代方剂中只知道滋补肾肾，只有王好古说是肝经气分的药物，能润肝燥，补益前人未曾阐发的理论。大概肝主筋，肾主骨。肾气充足则骨骼强健，肝气充足则筋脉健壮。屈伸运用，都归属于筋。杜仲颜色紫而润泽，味道甘微辛，气温平。甘温能补益，微辛能滋润。所以能入肝经并补肾经，子脏能令母脏充实。
按：庞元英《谈薮》记载：一个少年刚结婚，后来得了脚软病，而且非常疼痛。医生当作香港脚（痛风/下肢疾病）治疗无效。路钤孙琳诊断后说：这是肾虚，不是香港脚。杜仲能治疗腰膝痛，用酒送服，就能容易见效了。
【附方】旧方六首，新方三首。
青娥丸：方剂见补骨脂条下。
肾虚腰痛：崔元亮《海上集验方》：用杜仲去皮炙黄一大斤，分作十剂。每晚取一剂，用水一大升，浸泡到五更天，煎煮至减少三分之一，取汁液，用羊肾三四枚切好，再煮三、五沸，像做羹汤的方法，加入花椒、盐，空腹顿服。《圣惠方》：加入薤白七茎。箧中方：加五味子。
腰背虚痛：杜仲一斤切片炒制，酒二升，浸泡十天，每天服用三合。这是陶隐居验证有效的方子。《三因方》：研为末，每天早上用温酒送服二钱。
继续服用。（《肘后方》）
炒去丝），续断二两（酒浸焙干）。研为末，用山药五、十丸，空心时用米饮送下。《肘后方》：用杜仲焙干研粉，枣肉和丸如弹子大。每次服用一丸，糯米饮送下，每天两次。（《胜金方》）
[缺失字]芽
【气味】缺。
【主治】作为蔬菜食用，去除风毒香港脚，久积的风冷，肠痔便血。也可以煎汤服用（苏颂）。
(Shangpin, High Grade, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names:** Sizhong (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Sixian (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Li Shizhen said: In the past, someone attained the Dao (immortality/enlightenment) by taking this herb, hence its name. "Sizhong" and "Sixian" are both derived from this meaning. Its bark contains silver-white silk-like fibers resembling cotton, thus it is called Mumian (Wood Cotton). Its seed is named Zhuzhe, sharing the same name as the seed of Houpo (Magnolia Bark).
**Collection and Explanation:** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Du Zhong grows in the valleys of Shangyu, as well as in Shangdang and Hanzhong. It is harvested in the second and fifth lunar months.
Tao Hongjing said: Shangyu is located in Yuzhou, referring to the state of Yu or Guo, not the Shangyu County in Kuaiji Commandery. The Du Zhong currently used comes from Jianping and Yidu. It resembles Houpo; the variety with more white fibers upon breaking is considered superior.
Su Baosheng said: It grows in deep mountains and large valleys, found everywhere. The tree is several zhang high, and its leaves resemble Xinyi (Magnolia Flower).
Su Song said: It is now produced in the large mountains near Shangzhou, Chengzhou, and Xiazhou. The leaves also resemble those of Zhe (Mulberry relative); when its bark is broken, white fibers remain connected.
In Jiangnan, it is called [missing character]. The young shoots can be eaten, referred to as [missing character].
**Processing:** [Missing Name] said: When using Du Zhong, remove the rough outer bark. For every jin (approx. 500g), use one liang (approx. 37.5g) of butter (su) and three liang of honey, then chop/crush for use.
**Flavor and Nature:** Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* says: Sweet, Warm. Wang Quan said: Bitter, Warm.
Sweet. The flavors and natures are relatively thin/light, sinking and descending, belonging to Yin.
Compatible with Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Shetuipi (Snake Skin).
**Indications:** Pain in the lower back and knees, tonifies the Middle Jiao, benefits Essence and Qi, strengthens bones and sinews, fortifies willpower, eliminates itching and dampness in the genital area, and stops dribbling urine. Long-term consumption makes the body light and delays aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Soreness and pain in the feet, unwillingness to tread on the ground (*Mingyi Bielu*).
When the human body is deficient yet stiff, this is due to Wind pathogen. If waist movement is impaired, add Du Zhong for use (Zhen Quan). It can cause the sinews and bones to adhere closely ([Missing Name]). Treats Wind-Deficiency patterns (Hao Gu).
**Elucidation:** Li Shizhen said: Ancient formulas only knew Du Zhong for nourishing the Kidney. Only Wang Haogu stated it is a medicine for the Qi aspect of the Liver Meridian, moistening Liver dryness, supplementing what previous scholars had not expounded. Generally, the Liver governs the sinews, and the Kidney governs the bones. When Kidney Qi is sufficient, bones are strong; when Liver Qi is sufficient, sinews are robust. Flexion and extension rely on the sinews. Du Zhend is purple and moist, tastes sweet and slightly pungent, and has a neutral temperature. Sweet and warm can tonify; slightly pungent can moisten. Therefore, it enters the Liver to tonify the Kidney; the Child organ enriches the Mother organ.
Note: Pang Yuanying's *Tanshu* records: A young man who had recently married later developed weakness in his legs, accompanied by severe pain. Physicians treated it as Hongxiangjiao (Hong Kong Foot/Gout/Lower Limb Disease) without effect. Luqian Sun Lin diagnosed it and said: This is Kidney Deficiency, not Hongxiangjiao. Du Zhong can treat lower back and knee pain; if administered with wine, efficacy will be easily achieved.
**Attached Prescriptions:** Six old prescriptions, three new ones.
Qing'e Wan: See under Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit).
Kidney Deficiency Lower Back Pain: Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Jiyan Fang*: Use one da jin (large jin) of Du Zhong, peeled and roasted until yellow, divided into ten doses. Each night, take one dose, soak in one sheng (approx. 1L) of water until dawn, decoct until reduced by one-third, extract the juice, add three or four sliced Sheep Kidneys, boil for three to five boils, prepare like a soup, mix with Sichuan pepper and salt, and take in one dose on an empty stomach. *Shenghui Fang*: Add seven stalks of Xiebai (Garlic Allium). Qiezhong Fang: Add Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry).
Lower Back and Waist Deficiency Pain: One jin of Du Zhong, sliced and stir-fried, soaked in two sheng of wine for ten days. Take three he daily. This is a formula verified effective by Tao Hongjing. *Sanyin Fang*: Grind into powder, take two qian with warm wine every morning.
Continue taking. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Stir-fry to remove fibers), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root) two liang (soaked in wine and baked dry). Grind into powder, form pills with five parts Yam... ten pills, take on an empty stomach with rice drink. *Zhouhou Fang*: Roast Du Zhong, grind into powder, mix with date flesh to form pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill each time, wash down with glutinous rice drink, twice daily. (*Shengjin Fang*)
[Missing Character] Sprouts
**Flavor and Nature:** Missing.
**Indications:** Used as a vegetable, removes Wind-Toxin Hongxiangjiao, long-standing Wind-Cold accumulation, intestinal hemorrhoids and bleeding. Can also be decocted in soup (Su Song).