味辛，温，有大毒。主治金创乳 ，中恶风，咳逆上气，水肿，杀鬼疰蛊毒。破症积，
除脚膝痹痛，四肢拘挛，恶疮疥虫，杀鸟兽。一名野葛。折之青烟出者名固活。甚热，不入
汤。生传高山谷及会稽东野。秦钩吻，味辛。治喉痹，咽中塞，声变，咳逆气，温中，一
名除辛，一名毒根。生寒石山，二月、八月采。（半夏为之使，恶黄芩。）
五府中亦云，钩吻是野葛，言其入口能钩人喉吻，或言吻作挽字，牵挽人腹而绝之。核
事而言，乃是两物。野葛是根，状如牡丹，所生处亦有毒，飞鸟不得集之，今人用合膏服之
无嫌。钩吻别是一草，叶似黄精而茎紫，当心抽花，黄色，初生既极类黄精，故以为杀生之
对
或云钩吻是毛茛，此《本经》及后说皆参错不同，未详定云何？又有一物名阴命，赤色，
着
，《政和》二五二页）
味苦，微寒，有毒。主治惊痫，摇头弄舌，热气在腹中，癫疾，痈疮，阴蚀，下三虫，
去蛇毒。一名蚩休。生山阳川谷及宛朐。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二七九页）
微温。主通利月水，破留血症结。
田野甚多此，状如大马蓼，茎斑而叶圆。极主暴瘕，酒渍根服之也。（《大观》卷十三，
《政和》三三三页）
味咸、苦，微寒，有毒。主治寒热恶疮，大热，辟鬼气不祥。下三虫。一名丹草。生咸
阳山谷。
世中虽时有采者，方药亦不复用。近道亦有，是细细草叶，花紫色尔。南中多生石岩下，
叶
二八○页）
【钩吻】
味辛，性温，有大毒。主治金创（金属利器造成的创伤）、乳痈（乳房红肿热痛的病症），中恶风（感受恶劣的风邪），咳逆上气（咳嗽气逆），水肿，能杀鬼疰蛊毒（指由鬼神或寄生虫引起的慢性消耗性疾病及中毒）。破除症积（腹内结块），去除脚膝痹痛（下肢关节麻木疼痛），四肢拘挛（肢体抽搐僵硬），治疗恶疮疥虫（严重的皮肤疮疡及疥癣寄生虫），能杀死鸟兽。又名野葛。折断它时有青烟冒出者名为固活。药性极热，不用于煎汤服用。生长在深山峡谷及会稽东面的野外。秦地的钩吻，味辛。主治喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），咽中塞闷，声音改变，咳逆气，温中（温暖中焦脾胃），又名除辛，又名毒根。生长在寒石山，二月、八月采集。（半夏为之使，与黄芩相恶。）
五府中也记载，钩吻就是野葛，说它入口能钩住人的喉咙，或者有人说“吻”通“挽”字，牵拉人的腹部使其断绝。从核实的角度来看，这是两种植物。野葛是根部，形状像牡丹，生长的地方也有毒，飞鸟不敢栖息在上面，现在人们用它合膏服用没有禁忌。钩吻是另一种草，叶子像黄精但茎是紫色的，心部抽出花，花色黄色，刚生出来时极像黄精，所以认为它是杀生的解药。或者说钩吻是毛茛，这《本经》及后世的说法都参差错落不同，未能详细确定是哪一种？又有一种名叫阴命，呈赤色，着……（《政和》二五二页）
【石长生】
味苦，微寒，有毒。主治惊痫（惊恐引发的癫痫），摇头弄舌（头部摇动、舌头吐弄），热气在腹中，癫疾（精神失常的疾病），痈疮，阴蚀（外阴溃烂），下三虫（驱除体内的三种寄生虫），去蛇毒。又名蚩休。生长在山阳川谷及宛朐。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二七九页）
微温。主要功效是通利月经，破除留血症结。田野中很多这种植物，形状像大马蓼，茎有斑点而叶子圆形。极擅长治疗暴发的瘕聚（突然形成的腹内结块），用酒浸泡根部服用即可。（《大观》卷十三，《政和》三三三页）
【丹草】
味咸、苦，微寒，有毒。主治寒热恶疮，大热，辟鬼气不祥。下三虫。又名丹草。生长在咸阳山谷。世间虽然偶尔有人采集，但方药中已不再使用。近处道路旁也有，是细细的草叶，花紫色罢了。南方多生长在石岩下，叶……（《政和》二八○页）
[Hooking Ginkgo / Gouwen]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, highly toxic. It treats metal wounds (injuries caused by metal instruments), breast abscesses (swelling, redness, heat, and pain in the breast), evil wind (pathogenic wind of a severe nature), cough with rebellious qi (coughing with upward rushing of qi), edema, and kills ghostly tanzhu (chronic wasting diseases attributed to spirits or parasites) and gu poison. It breaks up mass accumulations (abdominal masses), removes bi pain in the feet and knees (numbness and pain in lower limb joints), four-limb spasms (limb twitching and stiffness), malignant sores and scabies mites (severe skin ulcers and parasitic scabies), and kills birds and beasts. Also known as Wild Ge. Those that emit blue smoke when broken are called Gu Huo. Its thermal property is extreme; it is not used in decoctions. It grows in high mountains and valleys and in the eastern wilds of Kuaiji. The Gouwen from Qin region is pungent in flavor. It treats throat obstruction (swelling and blockage of the throat), sensation of fullness in the throat, voice changes, cough with rebellious qi, warms the middle jiao (warms the spleen and stomach), also known as Chu Xin, also known as Du Gen. It grows on cold stone mountains and is harvested in the second and eighth months. (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum serves as its guide drug; it is antagonistic to Scutellariae Radix.)
The Five Departments also state that Gouwen is Wild Ge, saying that upon entering the mouth it hooks the human throat, or some say "Wen" is interchangeable with "Wan," pulling the abdomen to cause death. From a verified perspective, these are two different substances. Wild Ge refers to the root, resembling Peony Root, which is also toxic where it grows, preventing birds from perching there; nowadays, people use it to compound ointments for oral administration without objection. Gouwen is a separate herb, with leaves resembling Polygonatum Rhizome but with purple stems, producing yellow flowers from the center. When newly sprouted, it closely resembles Polygonatum Rhizome, hence it was considered an antidote against killing life. Or it is said that Gouwen is Ranunculus japonicus. Both the *Shennong Bencao Jing* and later accounts are inconsistent and confused, making it unclear what it actually is? There is another substance named Yin Ming, which is reddish... (Zhenghe, p. 252)
[Stone Longevity / Shichangsheng]
Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature, toxic. It treats fright epilepsy (epilepsy triggered by fright), head shaking and tongue protrusion, heat qi in the abdomen, mania (mental disorder), carbuncles and sores, genital erosion (ulceration of the external genitalia), expels three types of intestinal parasites, and removes snake venom. Also known as Chi Xiu. It grows in the river valleys of Shanyang and Wanqu. (Daguan, Vol. 11; Zhenghe, p. 279)
Slightly warm. It primarily promotes the free flow of menstruation and breaks up blood stasis accumulations. This plant is abundant in fields, resembling large smartweed, with spotted stems and round leaves. It is extremely effective for sudden phlegm-masses (sudden formation of abdominal lumps); one should soak the root in wine and take it. (Daguan, Vol. 13; Zhenghe, p. 333)
[Cinnabar Grass / Dancao]
Salty and bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature, toxic. It treats chills and fever with malignant sores, intense heat, wards off evil qi and inauspicious influences, and expels three types of intestinal parasites. Also known as Dan Cao. It grows in the mountain valleys of Xianyang. Although occasionally gathered in the world, it is no longer used in medical formulas. It is also found near roadsides; it has fine grass-like leaves and purple flowers. In the southern regions, it grows abundantly under rocky cliffs... (Zhenghe, p. 280)