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味甘，气微寒。生饵无毒，炼服杀人。出辰州（属湖广）。峦峒井中，（本境所出朱砂
，多在 獠峒、老鸦井得之。）在井围青石壁内。土人欲觅，多聚干柴。纵火满井焚之，致
壁迸裂，始见有石床如玉洁白。生砂块，似血鲜红。大类芙蓉头，（有四、五两，至十两一
块
者。）小若羽箭簇。（俗呼箭头砂。）其甚小者，平豆砂米砂。作墙壁明彻为优，成颗粒鹿簌
略
次。米砂下品，铁屑常多。磁石引除，染昼充用。一云∶火井者，不如水井力胜；（水井有
砂者，其水尽赤，每有烟霞郁蒸之气。）新井者，难及旧井色深。凡治病邪，惟取优等。磁
钵擂细，清水淘匀。服饵无忧，效验自应。恶磁石，畏咸水。经云∶丹砂象火，色赤主心。
故能镇养心神，通调血脉。杀鬼崇精魅，扫疥 疮疡。止渴除烦，安魂安魄。方士甚重，常
多买求。谓能点化飞升，每每烧炼不绝。 依法 ，以磁罐取汞，又名水银。（用
磁罐二个
，掘地成坎，深阔量可容二罐，先埋一罐于坎，四围用土筑稳实，内盛水满，仍一罐，入朱
砂半满，上加敲碎瓦粒，剪铁线髻如月圆样一块，闭塞罐口，倒覆下罐之上，务令两口相对
，
弦缝盐泥封固。以熟炭火先文、后武， 炼一炷香久，其砂尽出，水银流于下罐水内。复起
下罐，检出皮壳，入新朱砂，固脐再 。每好砂一两，常 出七、八钱。低者仅五、六钱而
已。）盛以葫芦，免其走失。杀五金大毒，恶磁石同前。得铅则凝，得硫则结。得紫河车则
仗。置金银铜铁于上则浮。并枣核研则散扬，并津唾则毙虱。尸体灌之不朽，铜锡搓之则明
。和大枫子研末，则杀疮虫；佐黄令为丸，则绝胎孕。（方名断孕丸。）匪专医药，亦入丹炉
。皮壳名曰天硫，仙方谓之已土。倘修炼得法，可点铜成银。 轻粉系汞再升，
加盐皂矾二
物。质轻色白，故此为名。（其法水银一两，皂矾七钱。白盐五钱同研，微见星为度，放炊
饼盆中按扁，以鸡翅扫圆如饼样，覆以乌盆。用炉灰罗过，水调封盆缝。盆底离火三寸许，
用熟炭火 之。火慢则渐加，至半斤为度，以点线香三炷为度。提出候冷，用刀轻轻挑起乌
盆仰放，拨去炉灰，勿令香落。鸡翅轻轻扫下盆底粉脚，任意扫净另放。又加皂矾、水银、
白
盐同研，复炼铁盆内饼上。或有升不起者，扫上面好者，亦和前再炼，以干湿得所为宜。干
则入少水润之，又不可太湿。其盆底粗者去之，或留擦疙 疥癣亦可。今市卖者，有烧凝水
石，
或石膏为粉以乱真。须烧火上走者，真也。）其功惟治外科，所忌一切生血。 银朱亦
汞烧
就，时俗又唤心红。染画色最奇，杀虫虱亦验。庸医不晓，研为药衣。违误太深，伤寒宁免
。
（谟）按∶汪石山曰∶经云∶朱砂微寒，生饵无毒。伏火者，大毒杀人。水银乃火 朱
砂而成
，何谓无毒？其性滑动，走而不守。气味俱阳，从可知矣。阳属热火。经云∶水银辛寒，似
难凭据。又云∶有毒。得非谓以朱砂伏火而成之耶？故毒比朱砂尤甚。宜其蚀脑至尽，入肉
百节拘挛也。又水银和入皂矾，再加火 ，飞着釜盖者，谓之水银粉，又名轻粉。此经 而
又，阳中之阳。更资皂矾燥烈，比之朱砂水银，尤为大毒燥烈之剂也。经云∶粉寒无毒
，
岂理也哉？近见世之淫夫淫妇，多生恶疮。始起阴股，不数日间，延及遍体，状似杨梅，因
名曰杨梅疮，甚者传染。俗医以轻粉为君，佐以雄、朱、脑、麝等剂。或散或丸，服之虽效
，愈而又发，发则又服。久久致手足挛曲，遂成痼疾。俗又名曰杨梅风。盖由药之燥热酷烈
，耗其血液，筋失所养，以致是也。俗人不知由死于药，良可哀悯。
味甘，气微寒。生服无毒，炼服杀人。产于辰州（属湖广省）。在峦峒井中，（本境所出的朱砂，多在獠峒、老鸦井获得。）位于井围青石壁内。当地人想要寻找，多聚集干柴。放火将井烧遍，致使石壁迸裂，才看见有像玉一样洁白坚硬的石床。上面生长着砂块，像血一样鲜红。大的像芙蓉头，（有四、五两，至十两一块的。）小的像羽箭簇。（俗称箭头砂。）其中极小的，称为平豆砂、米砂。以作墙壁般明彻者为优，成颗粒状鹿簌略次。米砂为下品，铁屑常多。用磁石吸除杂质，染白后充作他用。一说：火井产的，不如水井产的力量强；（水井中有砂的，其水尽赤，常有烟霞郁蒸之气。）新井产的，难比旧井颜色深。凡是治疗病邪，只取上等品。用磁钵研磨细，用清水淘洗均匀。服用无忧，效验自然应验。恶磁石，畏咸水。经云：丹砂象火，色赤主心。故能镇养心神，通调血脉。杀鬼崇精魅，扫疥疮疡。止渴除烦，安魂安魄。方士很重视，常多买求。谓能点化飞升，每每烧炼不绝。依法，以磁罐取汞，又名水银。（用磁罐二个，掘地成坎，深阔量可容二罐，先埋一罐于坎，四围用土筑稳实，内盛水满，仍一罐，入朱砂半满，上加敲碎瓦粒，剪铁线髻如月圆样一块，闭塞罐口，倒覆下罐之上，务令两口相对，弦缝盐泥封固。以熟炭火先文、后武，炼一炷香久，其砂尽出，水银流于下罐水内。复起下罐，检出皮壳，入新朱砂，固脐再炼。每好砂一两，常出七、八钱。低者仅五、六钱而已。）盛以葫芦，免其走失。杀五金大毒，恶磁石同前。得铅则凝，得硫则结。得紫河车则仗。置金银铜铁于上则浮。并枣核研则散扬，并津唾则毙虱。尸体灌之不朽，铜锡搓之则明。和大枫子研末，则杀疮虫；佐黄令为丸，则绝胎孕。（方名断孕丸。）匪专医药，亦入丹炉。皮壳名曰天硫，仙方谓之已土。倘修炼得法，可点铜成银。轻粉系汞再升，加盐皂矾二物。质轻色白，故此为名。（其法水银一两，皂矾七钱。白盐五钱同研，微见星为度，放炊饼盆中按扁，以鸡翅扫圆如饼样，覆以乌盆。用炉灰罗过，水调封盆缝。盆底离火三寸许，用熟炭火煅之。火慢则渐加，至半斤为度，以点线香三炷为度。提出候冷，用刀轻轻挑起乌盆仰放，拨去炉灰，勿令香落。鸡翅轻轻扫下盆底粉脚，任意扫净另放。又加皂矾、水银、白盐同研，复炼铁盆内饼上。或有升不起者，扫上面好者，亦和前再炼，以干湿得所为宜。干则入少水润之，又不可太湿。其盆底粗者去之，或留擦疙瘩疥癣亦可。今市卖者，有烧凝水石，或石膏为粉以乱真。须烧火上走者，真也。）其功惟治外科，所忌一切生血。银朱亦汞烧就，时俗又唤心红。染画色最奇，杀虫虱亦验。庸医不晓，研为药衣。违误太深，伤寒宁免。（谟）按：汪石山曰：经云：朱砂微寒，生饵无毒。伏火者，大毒杀人。水银乃火炼朱砂而成，何谓无毒？其性滑动，走而不守。气味俱阳，从可知矣。阳属热火。经云：水银辛寒，似难凭据。又云：有毒。得非谓以朱砂伏火而成之耶？故毒比朱砂尤甚。宜其蚀脑至尽，入肉百节拘挛也。又水银和入皂矾，再加火炼，飞着釜盖者，谓之水银粉，又名轻粉。此经言而又有，阳中之阳。更资皂矾燥烈，比之朱砂水银，尤为大毒燥烈之剂也。经云：粉寒无毒，岂理也哉？近见世之淫夫淫妇，多生恶疮。始起阴股，不数日间，延及遍体，状似杨梅，因名曰杨梅疮，甚者传染。俗医以轻粉为君，佐以雄、朱、脑、麝等剂。或散或丸，服之虽效，愈而又发，发则又服。久久致手足挛曲，遂成痼疾。俗又名曰杨梅风。盖由药之燥热酷烈，耗其血液，筋失所养，以致是也。俗人不知由死于药，良可哀悯。
Cinnabar (Dan Sha)
Taste is sweet, nature is slightly cold. Raw consumption is non-toxic, refined consumption kills. It originates from Chenzhou (belonging to Huguang). It is found in the wells of Luandong. (The cinnabar produced in this region is mostly obtained from Liaodong and Laoya wells.) It lies within the blue stone walls surrounding the well. Locals who wish to find it often gather dry firewood. They set fire to burn the entire well, causing the stone walls to crack open, revealing a stone bed as white and pure as jade. Cinnabar nodules grow upon it, bright red like blood. Large ones resemble lotus heads, (weighing four or five taels, up to ten taels per piece.) Small ones resemble arrowheads. (Commonly called "arrowhead cinnabar".) The smallest are called flat bean cinnabar or rice cinnabar. Those forming clear, wall-like structures are superior; granular "luslu" forms are next best. Rice cinnabar is of inferior grade, often containing much iron filings. Magnetic stones are used to remove impurities, and it is dyed white for other uses. One view holds: cinnabar from fire wells is not as potent as that from water wells; (in water wells containing cinnabar, the water turns entirely red, often emitting a miasma of smoke and rosy clouds.) New wells produce cinnabar that cannot match the deep color of old wells. For treating pathological factors, only the premium grade should be taken. Grind finely in a porcelain mortar, wash evenly with clear water. There is no worry in consumption, and efficacy will naturally manifest. It is adverse to magnetic stones and fears salty water. The Classics state: Cinnabar resembles fire, its red color corresponds to the Heart. Therefore, it can calm and nourish the Shen (Spirit), and regulate the Blood vessels. It destroys evil spirits and demons, clears scabies and sores. It stops thirst and removes irritability, calms the Hun and Po souls. Alchemists value it highly and frequently purchase it, believing it can facilitate transmutation and ascension, thus refining it incessantly. According to the method, mercury (Shui Yin) is extracted using porcelain jars, also known as Quicksilver. (Use two porcelain jars. Dig a pit deep and wide enough to hold two jars. Bury one jar in the pit first, compact the soil around it firmly. Fill it with water. Place the second jar inside, half-filled with cinnabar. Add crushed tile pieces on top. Cut an iron wire into a bun shape resembling a full moon, seal the mouth of the upper jar, invert it over the lower jar, ensuring the mouths face each other. Seal the seam with salt mud. Use熟 charcoal fire, starting gentle then increasing intensity. Refine for the duration of one incense stick. All the cinnabar will be transformed, and mercury will flow into the water in the lower jar. Retrieve the lower jar, remove the crust, add new cinnabar, secure the navel area, and refine again. From one tael of good cinnabar, seven or eight qian of mercury are usually obtained. Inferior quality yields only five or six qian.) Store in a gourd to prevent loss. It neutralizes the great toxicity of the five metals. It is adverse to magnetic stones as mentioned before. It coagulates when combined with lead, and binds when combined with sulfur. It relies on Ziheche (Human Placenta). Precious metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron float on it. When ground with jujube pits, it disperses; mixed with saliva, it kills lice. Pouring it on corpses prevents decay; rubbing with copper and tin makes them bright. Mixed with powder of Jidafengzi (Semecarpus anacardium), it kills skin parasites; combined with Huangling to form pills, it terminates pregnancy. (Formula name: Duan Yun Wan / Pregnancy Termination Pill.) It is not solely for medicine but also enters the alchemical furnace. The crust is named Tianshu (Heavenly Sulfur), and in immortal formulas, it is called Yitu (Earth of Ji). If refined according to the correct method, it can transmute copper into silver. Calomel (Qing Fen) is mercury sublimated again, added with salt and Vitriol (Zaofan). Its texture is light and color white, hence the name. (The method: one tael of mercury, seven qian of vitriol, five qian of white salt, ground together until slight stars appear. Place in a cooking pot mold, press flat, sweep into a round cake shape with a chicken wing, cover with a black earthenware pot. Sieve furnace ash, mix with water to seal the pot seams. Place the pot bottom about three inches above the fire. Use熟 charcoal fire to calcine. If the fire is slow, gradually increase it, up to half a jin. Measure by three incense sticks. Remove and let cool. Gently lift the black pot with a knife, place upside down, brush away furnace ash, do not let incense fall. Sweep the powder residue from the bottom of the pot gently with a chicken wing, clean it arbitrarily, and set aside separately. Add more vitriol, mercury, and white salt, grind together, and refine again on the cake in an iron pot. If some does not sublime, sweep the good parts from the top, mix with the previous batch, and refine again. Moisture content should be appropriate. If too dry, add a little water to moisten, but not too wet. Discard the coarse powder at the bottom of the pot, or keep it to rub on sores and tinea. Nowadays, market sellers may use calcined gypsum or gypsum powder to pass off as fake. True Calomel must sublime upwards when heated on fire.) Its function is solely for external medicine; it is contraindicated for all conditions involving fresh bleeding. Vermilion (Yin Zhu) is also made by burning mercury, commonly called Xinhong (Heart Red). It is most remarkable for dyeing and painting colors, and effective for killing insects and lice. Ignorant physicians do not understand this, grinding it for medicinal coating. This error is profound; how can Typhoid Fever (Shanghan) be avoided? (Mo) Notes: Wang Shishan said: The Classics state: Cinnabar is slightly cold, raw consumption is non-toxic. Fire-refined cinnabar is greatly toxic and kills. Mercury is formed by fire-refining cinnabar, how can it be said to be non-toxic? Its nature is slippery and mobile, moving without staying. Its aroma and taste are both Yang, which can be inferred. Yang belongs to hot fire. The Classics state: Mercury is pungent and cold, which seems unreliable. It also states: Toxic. Is this referring to mercury formed by fire-refining cinnabar? Thus, its toxicity is greater than cinnabar itself. It is fitting that it erodes the brain completely and causes contraction of all joints when entering the flesh. Furthermore, when mercury is mixed with vitriol and further refined, flying onto the lid of the cauldron, it is called Mercury Powder, also known as Calomel. This is described in the Classics as Yang within Yang. Relying further on the drying and acrid nature of vitriol, compared to cinnabar and mercury, it is an even more greatly toxic and drying/acrid agent. The Classics state: Powder is cold and non-toxic, how can this be logical? Recently, I have seen promiscuous men and women in the world often developing malignant sores. Starting in the groin, within a few days, it spreads throughout the body, resembling bayberries, hence named Bayberry Sore (Mei Yang Chuang). Severe cases are contagious. Folk doctors use Calomel as the sovereign herb, assisted by Realgar (Xiong), Cinnabar (Zhu), Camphor (Nao), and Musk (She) preparations. Whether in powder or pill form, although initially effective, it recurs after healing, and is taken again. Over time, this leads to contracture of hands and feet, becoming a chronic disease. Commonly also called Bayberry Wind. This is due to the extreme heat and dryness of the drugs consuming the Blood and fluids, causing the sinews to lose nourishment, leading to this condition. Common people do not know they die from the medicine, which is truly lamentable.