凡诸草本、昆虫，各有相宜地产。气味功力，自异寻常。谚云∶一方风土养万民，是亦
一方地土出方药也。摄生之
士，宁几求真，多惮远路艰难，惟采近产充代。殊不知一种之药，远
者，亦有不可代用者。可代
者，以功力缓紧略殊，倘倍加犹足去病
。不可代者，因气味纯驳大异，若妄饵反致损人。故《本经》谓参、耆虽种异治同，而芎、
归则殊种各治足征矣。他如齐州半夏，华阴细辛，银夏柴胡，甘肃枸杞；茅山玄胡索、苍术
，怀庆干山药、地黄；歙白术，绵黄耆，上党参，交趾桂。每擅名因地，故以地冠名。地胜
药灵，视斯益信。又宜山谷者，难混家园所栽，芍药、牡丹皮为然；或宜家园者，勿杂山谷
自产，菊花、桑根皮是尔。云在泽取滋润，泽傍匪止泽兰叶也；云在石求清洁，石上岂特石
菖蒲乎？东壁土及各样土至微，用亦据理；千里水并诸般水极广，烹必合宜。总不悖于《图
经》，才有益于药剂。《书》曰∶慎厥始，图厥终。此之谓夫。
草木根梢，收采惟宜秋末、春初。春初则津润始萌，未充枝叶；秋末则气汁下降，悉归
本根。今即事验之。春宁宜
早，秋宁宜迟，尤尽善也。茎叶花实，四季随宜。采未老枝茎，汁
尚包藏。实收已熟味纯，叶
采新生力倍。入药诚妙，治病方灵。其诸玉、石、禽、兽、虫鱼，或取无时，或收按节，亦
有深义。匪为虚文，并各遵
依，毋恣
孟浪。
凡是各种草本植物和昆虫，都有各自适宜生长的产地。它们的药性和功效，自然与寻常之物不同。谚语说：“一方水土养育一方百姓”，这也意味着“一方水土出产一方药物”。注重养生的人，虽然渴望求得真品，但大多畏惧路途遥远艰难，只采集附近出产的药物来替代。却不知道，有些药物，即使产地不同，也有不可互相替代的。可以替代的，是因为药效的缓急略有差异，如果加倍用量，尚且足以祛除疾病。不可替代的，是因为药味的纯正与驳杂大不相同，如果胡乱服用，反而会导致损害人体。所以《神农本草经》中说：人参、黄芪虽然种植地不同但主治相同，而川芎、当归则因品种不同而主治各异，这就足以证明这一点了。其他如齐州的半夏，华阴的细辛，银州和夏州的柴胡，甘肃的枸杞；茅山的玄胡索、苍术，怀庆的山药、地黄；歙县的白术，绵州的黄芪，上党的人参，交趾的肉桂。每种药材都因地域特色而闻名，因此以地名冠名。产地优越则药物灵验，从这些例子来看更加可信。又比如适宜生长在山谷中的药材，难以混入家园中种植的，芍药、牡丹皮就是这样；或者适宜在家园中种植的，不要混杂山谷中自产的，菊花、桑根皮就是如此。说到在水泽之地取用滋润之药，水泽旁边不仅仅只有泽兰叶；说到在石头上寻求清洁之药，石头上难道只有石菖蒲吗？东壁土以及各种土壤虽然微小，但使用也依据道理；千里水以及各类水源极其广泛，烹煮时必须合乎适宜的方法。总之不违背《图经》的原则，才能对药剂有益。《尚书》说：“慎重对待开始，谋划好结局。”说的就是这个道理。
草木的根梢，采收最适宜在秋末、春初。春初时，津液滋润刚刚开始萌发，尚未充盈枝叶；秋末时，气汁下降，全部回归到根部。现在通过实际经验验证也是如此。春天宁可早采，秋天宁可晚采，尤其算是尽善尽美。至于茎、叶、花、实，四季都可以随宜采收。采摘未老化的枝茎，汁液还包含在内；果实收取已成熟的，味道纯正；叶子采摘新生长的，效力加倍。用于入药确实精妙，治疗疾病方才灵验。那些玉石、禽兽、虫鱼等，有的随时可取，有的按季节采收，其中也有深意。并非虚文套话，都应遵照执行，不要肆意轻率。
All herbs and insects have their respective suitable places of origin. Their flavors and therapeutic efficacies naturally differ from the ordinary. As the proverb goes, "The environment of one region nurtures its people," which also implies that "the land of one region produces the medicines for it." Those who pay attention to health preservation desire authentic products but are often deterred by the difficulties of long journeys, preferring to collect locally available substitutes. However, they fail to realize that some medicinal materials cannot be substituted even if produced elsewhere. Substitutes may be used when there is only a slight difference in the intensity of their effects; doubling the dosage can still suffice to cure the disease. In cases where substitution is not possible, it is because the purity or impurity of their flavors differs significantly; reckless ingestion may instead harm the body. Thus, *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states that although Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi) share the same indications despite different origins, Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) have different indications due to different species, which serves as evidence. Others include Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) from Qizhou, Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin) from Huayin, Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) from Yinzhou and Xiazhou, Lycii Fructus (Gouqi) from Gansu; Corydalis Rhizoma (Yanhusuo) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) from Maoshan, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao) and Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang) from Huaqing; Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) from Shezhou, Astragali Radix (Huangqi) from Mianzhou, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) from Shangdang, and Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui) from Jiaozhi. Each gains fame due to its place of origin, hence named after the location. Superior terroir yields potent medicines, making this observation credible. Furthermore, herbs suitable for mountain valleys should not be confused with those cultivated in gardens, such as Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Mudanpi) and Paeonia suffruticosa roots; conversely, garden-cultivated herbs like Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua) and Morus Alba Root Bark (Sangbaipipi) should not be mixed with wild ones from valleys. Regarding moistening herbs from marshes, it is not just Lysimachiae Herba (Zelan); regarding clean herbs from rocks, it is not only Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu). Although Dongbi Tu (Earth from East Wall) and various soils are minute, their use follows logical principles. Qianli Shui (Water from Thousand Li) and other waters are vast, and their decoction must be appropriate. Overall, adhering to the principles of *Tujing* (Illustrated Records) benefits the preparation of medicines. The *Book of Documents* states, "Be cautious at the beginning, plan for the end." This refers to the present context.
For roots and tips of herbs and trees, harvesting is most suitable in late autumn or early spring. In early spring, fluids begin to sprout but have not yet filled the branches and leaves; in late autumn, qi and juices descend and gather entirely in the roots. Current practical experience confirms this. Spring harvesting should preferably be early, while autumn harvesting should preferably be late, which is considered perfect. For stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, harvesting can be done according to convenience throughout the four seasons. Harvesting young stems retains the juice; collecting ripe fruits ensures pure flavor; picking fresh leaves doubles the efficacy. Such usage in medicine is indeed exquisite, making treatments effective. For minerals, birds, beasts, insects, and fish, some can be taken at any time, while others follow seasonal rhythms, each carrying profound meaning. These are not empty words; all should be followed strictly, avoiding rash actions.