凡药藏贮，宜常提防。倘阴干、曝干、烘干未尽去湿，则蛀蚀、霉垢、朽烂不免为殃。
当春夏多雨水浸淫，临夜晚
或鼠虫吃耗。心力弗惮，岁月堪延。见雨久着火频烘，遇晴明向日旋曝。粗糙悬架上，细腻
贮坛中。人参须和细辛，冰
片必同灯草。（《本经》云∶和糯米炭相思子同藏，亦不耗蚀。）麝香宜蛇皮裹，硼砂共绿豆
收。生姜择老砂藏，山药候干
灰窖。沉香、真檀香甚烈，包纸须重；茧水、腊雪水至灵，埋阱宜久。类推隅反，不在悉陈。
庶分两不致耗轻，抑气味
尽得完具。辛烈者免走泄，甘美者无蛀伤。陈者新鲜，润者干燥。用斯主治，何虑不灵。
医药贸易，多在市家。辨认未精，差错难免。谚云∶卖药者两只眼，用药者一只眼，服
药者全无眼，非虚语也。许
多欺罔，略举数端。钟乳令白醋煎，细辛使直水渍，当归酒洒取润，枸杞蜜伴为甜，螵蛸胶
于桑枝，蜈蚣朱其足赤。此
将歹作好，仍以假乱真。荠 指人参，木
香捣，荔枝搀，霍香采，茄
叶杂。研石膏和轻粉，收苦薏当菊花。姜黄言郁金，土当称独滑。小半夏煮黄为玄胡索，嫩
松梢盐润为肉苁蓉。（金莲草
根盐润亦能假充。）草豆蔻将草仁充，南木香以西呆抵。煮鸡子及鲭鱼枕造琥珀，熬广胶入
荞麦面（炒黑）作阿胶。枇杷
蕊代款冬，驴脚骨捏虎骨。松脂搅麒麟竭，番硝插龙脑香。桑根白皮，株干者岂真；牡丹根
皮，枝梗者安是。如斯之类，
巧诈百般。明者竟叱其非，庸下甘受其侮。本资却病，反致杀人。虽上天责报于冥冥中，然
仓卒不能察实，或误归咎于
用药者之错，亦常有也。此诚大关紧要，非比小节寻常。务考究精详，辩认的实，修
庶免乖违。
凡是药物的贮藏保管，应当经常提防。如果阴干、日晒或烘干未能完全去除湿气，那么虫蛀、发霉、朽烂等灾祸就不可避免。
在春夏季节雨水多且浸淫之时，夜晚又可能遭受老鼠和昆虫的啃食消耗。只要不畏惧费心费力，就能延长药物的保存期限。遇到久雨便频繁用火烘烤，遇到晴朗天气就对着太阳翻晒。质地粗糙的药物悬挂在架子上，细腻的药物贮存在坛子里。人参须和细辛一起存放，冰片必须同灯草放在一起。（《神农本草经》说：与糯米炭、相思子一同贮藏，也不会损耗腐蚀。）麝香适宜用蛇皮包裹，硼砂同绿豆一起收藏。生姜选择老姜进行砂藏，山药候其干燥后放入灰窖中。沉香、真檀香气味非常猛烈，包装纸必须多层；茧水、腊雪水性灵效强，埋藏于地阱中时间宜久。以此类推，举一反三，不必全部陈述。这样分两（重量）就不会导致减轻，气味也能保持完整。辛烈的气味避免散失走泄，甘美的味道没有虫蛀损伤。陈旧的药材像新鲜的一样，湿润的药材变得干燥。使用这些方法来主治疾病，何必担心不灵验。
医药贸易，大多在市井商家中进行。辨认如果不精细，差错就难免发生。谚语说：“卖药的人有两只眼，用药的人有一只眼，服药的人全无眼”，这不是虚言啊。许多欺骗蒙蔽的手段，略举几端。钟乳石用白醋煎煮，细辛用直流水浸泡，当归洒酒取润泽，枸杞拌蜜使其变甜，海螵蛸胶结在桑枝上，蜈蚣涂朱砂使脚变红。这是将坏货当好货，仍以假乱真。荠菜冒充人参，木香捣碎，荔枝搀杂其中，藿香采摘（非正品），茄叶混杂。研磨石膏混合轻粉，收集苦薏当作菊花。姜黄说是郁金，土茯苓称独活。小半夏煮黄冒充玄胡索，嫩松梢盐润冒充肉苁蓉。（金莲花草根盐润也能假冒充数。）草豆蔻用草仁充当，南木香以西呆（一种劣质木材）抵充。煮鸡蛋及鲭鱼枕骨制造琥珀，熬制广胶加入荞麦面（炒黑）制作阿胶。枇杷蕊代替款冬花，驴脚骨捏造成虎骨。松脂搅拌麒麟竭，番硝插混龙脑香。桑根白皮，株干者难道是真的？牡丹根皮，枝梗者怎么可能是真的。像这样的例子，巧诈百般。明眼人竟然斥责其错误，平庸低下的人甘愿受其欺侮。本是用来祛除疾病，反而导致杀人。虽然上天在冥冥之中会责备报应，然而仓促之间不能察知实情，有时错误归咎于用药者的失误，也常有这种情况。这确实是大关紧要的事，不像小节那样寻常。务必考究精详，辨认确实，修习此道才能避免违背正道。
For the storage of all medicines, constant vigilance is required. If drying by shade, sun exposure, or fire has not completely removed moisture, damage from insect infestation, mold, and rot is inevitable.
During the spring and summer seasons, when rain is abundant and pervasive, nocturnal consumption by rats and insects may also occur. With diligence and without shirking effort, the longevity of the drugs can be extended. When enduring prolonged rain, frequent baking with fire is necessary; on clear days, immediate sun exposure should be practiced. Coarse materials are hung on racks, while fine materials are stored in jars. Ginseng roots (Ren Shen Xu) and Asarum (Xi Xin) should be stored together; Borneol (Bing Pian) must be kept with rush grass (Deng Cao). (The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: storing them together with rice charcoal and *Abrus precatorius* seeds prevents loss and corrosion.) Musk (She Xiang) is suitably wrapped in snake skin; Borax (Peng Sha) is collected together with mung beans. Old ginger (Sheng Jiang) is selected for sand storage; Yam (Shan Yao) is placed in ash cellars after drying. Agarwood (Chen Xiang) and genuine Sandalwood (Zhen Tan Xiang) have very potent aromas, requiring multiple layers of paper for wrapping; Water from silkworm cocoons (Jian Shui) and snow water from winter solstice (La Xue Shui) are highly efficacious and should be buried deep in pits for a long time. By analogy and inferring from one instance, there is no need to enumerate all cases. In this way, weight will not be lost, and aroma and flavor will remain intact. Pungent and potent properties will avoid volatilization, and sweet and pleasant qualities will be free from insect damage. Old herbs will appear fresh, and moist herbs will become dry. Using these methods for treatment, why worry about ineffectiveness?
Medical trade mostly takes place among market merchants. Without precise identification, errors are unavoidable. The proverb says: "The seller has two eyes, the prescriber has one eye, and the patient has none," which is not an empty statement. Many deceptive practices exist; a few examples are listed below. *Ostreae Concha* (Zhong Ru) is boiled in white vinegar; *Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Xi Xin) is soaked in plain water; *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Dang Gui) is sprinkled with wine to gain moisture; *Lycii Fructus* (Gou Qi) is mixed with honey to become sweet; *Sepiae Endoconcha* (Piao Xiao) is glued onto mulberry branches; *Scolopendra* (Wu Gong) is painted with cinnabar to make its legs red. These practices involve passing off inferior goods as good ones, using fakes to deceive the real. Shepherd's purse (Qi Mai) is passed off as Ginseng; *Aucklandiae Radix* (Mu Xiang) is crushed; Lychee is掺mixed; *Agastache Herba* (Huo Xiang) is harvested improperly; Eggplant leaves are mixed in. Ground gypsum is mixed with calomel; bitter *Artemisia* seeds are collected as chrysanthemum. Turmeric is claimed to be Curcuma; *Smilax Glabra* (Tu Fu Ling) is called *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Du Huo). Small *Pinelliae Tuber* (Xiao Ban Xia) is boiled yellow to fake Corydalis (*Yan Hu Suo*); tender pine tips are salted to fake Cistanche (*Rou Cong Rong*). (The root of *Lotus nelumbo* salted can also be used as a fake.) *Cardamomi Fructus Rotundus* (Cao Dou Kou) is filled with straw kernels; Southern *Aucklandiae Radix* (Nan Mu Xiang) is substituted with inferior wood. Amber is fabricated by boiling eggs and mackerel vertebrae; Gelatin (Guang Jiao) is made into E-jiao by adding roasted buckwheat flour. Loquat stamen substitutes for Winter Jasmine (*Kuan Dong Hua*); donkey leg bones are molded into tiger bone. Pine resin is stirred with Dragon's Blood (Qilin Xie); saltpeter is inserted with borneol. White bark of mulberry root: are woody stems truly authentic? Cortex Moutan (Mu Dan Pi): are branch barks really genuine? Such tricks are manifold. The discerning rebuke them, while the mediocre accept their deception. Intended to cure diseases, they instead cause death. Although Heaven may punish in the unseen realm, in haste, facts cannot be verified, and blame is often wrongly attributed to the prescriber's error, which is common. This is indeed a matter of great importance, unlike trivial matters. One must investigate meticulously and identify accurately to avoid deviation from the correct path.