\r槐实\pj282.bmp\r
味苦、辛、咸，气寒。无毒。折枝插地即活，人家多植门庭。实生荚中，十月收采。
粒大如豆，色紫而坚。一荚两粒三粒者为良，若系单粒五粒者勿用。小铜锤击碎，乌牛乳浸
宵。蒸过才煎，景天为使。主五内邪热，去五痔肿疼。（七月七日取，捣绞汁，贮铜器内，
置高处曝二十日以上，煎稠硬，圆如鼠粪大，纳谷道内，三易之乃愈。）止涎唾，补绝伤，
凉大肠，消乳瘕。除男子阴疮湿痒不歇，却女子产户痛痒难当。仍理火疮，且堕胎孕。酒吞
七粒，催产尤良。嫩房荚收煎代茶，去头风明目补脑。老荚疏导风热，亦可取捣
煎尝。白皮
皮肤不仁服效。消阴疝卵肿，却壮热惊痫。茎叶功同，总治疮毒。熬膏贴
煮汁嗽口齿风疳。根作
神烛可烧，仍主喉痹寒热。枝洗疮住痒， 揩齿杀虫。花
去热。理肠风泻血及皮肤风，
止痔 来红并赤白痢。去胃脘卒痛，杀腹脏蛔 。胶主诸风化涎，任作汤散丸服。却
风痹肢难举动，散风毒身如虫
行。噤口急风殊功，破脑伤风立效。槐耳系菌，亦树所生。坚如桑耳者良，用作细末
酒服。去妇人阴中疮痛，治痔
谷道血流。
\r枳实\pj283.bmp\r
味苦、酸，气寒。味薄气浓，阴也，阴中微阳。无毒。商州（属河南）所生，似橘极小
。择如鹅眼，色黑陈者良。（近道亦生。一种俗呼臭橘，其皮微绿，不堪药用。今市家每采
指为绿衣者，欺世谋利无益有损。故凡入药剂，必求黑色为真也。）剜净内瓤，锉片麸炒用
。本与枳壳一物，因收迟早异名。枳实秋收，枳壳冬采。今医者不以此泥，惟视皮浓小者
实，完大者为壳也。壳大则
性详而缓治高，高者主气，治在胸膈；实小则性酷而速治下，下者主血，治在心腹。故胸中
痞，肺气结也，有桔梗枳壳
汤之煎；心下痞，脾血积也，有白术枳实汤之用。（白术补脾，枳实去脾经积血，脾无积血，
则不痞也。）此高下缓急之
分，易老详定以为准的也。除胀满，消宿食，削坚积，化稠痰。破气佐牵牛大黄芒硝，益气
佐人参干姜白术。仲景加承
气汤内，取疏通破结之功。丹溪入泻痰药中，有倒壁冲墙之捷。树皮治风中身直，久
不能屈伸。根皮主痔
来红，及肠风脏毒。树茎并皮收采，水胀风痛齐驱。其大枳壳，亦贵陈年。取翻
肚如盆口唇，制剜瓤锉片麸炒。
泻肺脏，宽大肠。结气胸中，两胁
关节并利；破痰癖积聚，宿
食亦推。同甘草瘦胎，（即枳壳散。）和黄连灭痔。（即连壳丸。）能损至高之气，不宜接迹服
多。虚怯劳伤，尤当全禁。
第七卷青橘皮款后（谟）按∶宜参看。
槐实
味苦、辛、咸，性寒。无毒。折断枝条插入土中即可成活，人们多将其种植在门前庭院。果实生长在荚果中，十月采收。
颗粒大如豆子，颜色紫黑且质地坚硬。一荚中有两粒或三粒的为佳品，若是单粒或五粒的则不可使用。用小型铜锤击碎，用乌牛乳浸泡过夜。经过蒸制后才能煎煮，以景天作为药引。主治五脏内的邪热，消除五种痔疮引起的肿痛。（七月七日采集，捣烂绞取汁液，储存在铜器内，放置在高处暴晒二十日以上，煎至浓稠坚硬，制成如鼠粪大小的丸剂，纳入肛门内，更换三次即可痊愈。）止住涎唾，补益绝伤（指严重的创伤或虚损），清凉大肠，消散乳房结块。去除男子阴部疮疡、潮湿瘙痒不止，缓解女子产后产道疼痛瘙痒难忍。还能治疗火烫伤，且具有堕胎作用。用酒送服七粒，催产效果尤佳。嫩枝叶和荚果收集煎煮代茶饮用，可去除头风、明目、补脑。老荚果疏导风热，也可以采集捣碎煎服。槐白皮
皮肤麻木不仁者服用有效。消除阴疝睾丸肿胀，退去高热惊痫。茎叶功效相同，总治疮毒。熬成膏剂贴敷，或煮汁漱口治疗牙齿风虫龋齿。槐根
可制作神烛燃烧，仍主治喉痹寒热。树枝清洗疮口止痒，擦拭牙齿杀虫。槐花
去除热邪。调理肠风便血及皮肤风邪，
止住痔漏出血以及赤白痢疾。去除胃脘突发疼痛，杀灭腹内脏器的蛔虫。槐胶主治各种风证引起的痰涎，可作汤剂、散剂或丸剂服用。缓解风痹导致肢体难以活动，疏散风毒使身体感觉如虫行。对噤口急风有殊效，对脑部受风立竿见影。槐耳属于菌类，也是槐树所生。质地坚硬如桑耳的为佳品，研成细末用酒送服。去除妇女阴道疮痛，治疗痔疮谷道流血。
枳实
味苦、酸，性寒。气味淡薄而气机浓郁，属阴，阴中微含阳。无毒。产于商州（属河南），形状像橘子但极小。
选择像鹅眼一样大小、颜色黑陈久的为佳品。（附近地区也有生长。一种俗称为臭橘，其皮微绿，不堪药用。现在市井商家常采摘标榜为绿衣的来欺骗世人谋取利益，这无益反而有害。所以凡是入药剂，必须追求黑色才是真品。）挖净内部瓤膜，切片后用麦麸炒制使用。本与枳壳是同一种植物，因采收时间不同而得名。枳实秋季采收，枳壳冬季采收。现在的医生不拘泥于此，只看皮厚小的为实，完整大的为壳。壳大则药性详缓，主治上部，上部主气，病位在胸膈；实小则药性猛烈迅速，主治下部，下部主血，病位在心腹。所以胸中痞塞，是肺气郁结，有用桔梗枳壳汤煎服；心下痞塞，是脾血积滞，有用白术枳实汤服用。（白术补脾，枳实去除脾经积血，脾无积血，则不会痞塞。）这是高下缓急的区别，李东垣详细定夺以此为准则。消除胀满，消化宿食，削坚积，化解稠痰。破气时配合牵牛子、大黄、芒硝使用，益气时配合人参、干姜、白术使用。张仲景将其加入承气汤内，取其疏通破除结聚的功效。朱丹溪将其加入泻痰药中，有倒壁冲墙般的快捷效力。树皮治疗中风导致身体僵硬，长久不能屈伸。根皮主治痔疮出血，以及肠风脏毒。树干和树皮采收，可驱除水胀和风痛。较大的枳壳，也珍贵陈年的。选取翻肚状如盆口唇形的，加工挖瓤切片麸炒。
泻肺脏之气，宽畅大肠。胸中结气，两胁关节并通利；破除痰癖积聚，宿食也能推荡。同甘草配伍可瘦胎（即枳壳散），同黄连配伍可灭痔（即连壳丸）。能损伤至高之气，不宜接连多次服用。体虚怯弱劳伤者，尤其应当完全禁止。
第七卷青橘皮款后（谟）按：宜参看。
Huai Shi (Sophorae Fructus)
Bitter, pungent, and salty in taste; cold in nature. Non-toxic. Branches inserted into the ground take root easily; it is commonly planted in courtyards. The fruit develops within pods, harvested in the tenth lunar month.
The seeds are as large as beans, purple-black in color and hard in texture. Those with two or three seeds per pod are of good quality; those with a single seed or five seeds should not be used. Crush with a small copper hammer, soak overnight in milk from a black ox. Only decoct after steaming, using *Jingtian* (*Sedum aizoon*) as an adjuvant. It treats pathogenic heat in the five viscera and eliminates swelling and pain of the five types of hemorrhoids. (Harvest on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, crush and squeeze out the juice, store in a copper vessel, expose to sunlight at a high place for more than twenty days, decoct until thick and hard, form into pills the size of mouse feces, insert into the anus, change three times to achieve cure.) It stops saliva production, nourishes severe injuries, cools the large intestine, and dissipates breast masses. It removes persistent dampness, itching, and sores of the male genitals, and relieves unbearable pain and itching of the female postpartum vagina. It also treats burns caused by fire and has the effect of aborting pregnancy. Swallowing seven grains with wine is particularly effective for inducing labor. Decoction of tender leaves, branches, and pods as tea removes head wind, brightens the eyes, and nourishes the brain. Old pods guide out wind-heat and can also be crushed and decocted for consumption. Huai Bai Pi (Sophorae Cortex)
Effective for skin numbness. Eliminates yin hernia and testicular swelling, clears intense fever, convulsions, and epilepsy. The stems and leaves have similar functions and generally treat toxic sores. Applied as a paste after boiling, or decocted for mouth rinsing to treat dental wind-carries caries. Huai Gen (Sophorae Radix)
Can be made into divine candles for burning; still treats throat obstruction with alternating chills and fever. Washing sores with branches stops itching; rubbing teeth with them kills parasites. Huai Hua (Sophorae Flos)
Clears heat. Regulates intestinal wind with bleeding and skin wind,
stops hemorrhoidal bleeding as well as bloody and white dysentery. Removes sudden epigastric pain, kills roundworms in the abdomen and viscera. Huai Jiao (Sophorae Gum)
Treats phlegm induced by various wind patterns; can be taken as a decoction, powder, or pill. Relieves limb immobility due to wind-bi, disperses wind-toxin causing sensations like insects crawling on the body. It shows special efficacy for locked-jaw acute wind and immediate effects for head wind injuries. Huai Er (Sophorae Polyporus) is a fungus growing on the tree. Those hard like *Sang Er* (Morus polyporus) are of good quality; grind into fine powder and take with wine. Removes painful sores in the female vagina, treats blood flow from hemorrhoids in the anal canal.
Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus)
Bitter and sour in taste; cold in nature. Thin in flavor but strong in qi, belonging to Yin, with slight Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. Grows in Shangzhou (Henan province), resembling a very small orange.
Select those resembling goose eyes, dark in color and aged, as good quality. (Also grows in nearby regions. One variety is colloquially called "stinky orange," with slightly green peel, unsuitable for medicinal use. Market vendors often pass off green-skinned ones as genuine to deceive the public for profit, which is harmful rather than beneficial. Therefore, for medicinal use, only black ones are considered authentic.) Hollow out the inner pith, slice, and stir-fry with wheat bran. It is originally the same substance as Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus), named differently due to harvesting time. Zhi Shi is harvested in autumn, Zhi Ke in winter. Current physicians do not rigidly adhere to this distinction, judging based on thickness and size: thick and small fruits are Zhi Shi, complete and large fruits are Zhi Ke. Zhi Ke is larger, with milder properties, treating upper areas; the upper area governs Qi, affecting the chest and diaphragm. Zhi Shi is smaller, with potent properties, acting rapidly to treat lower areas; the lower area governs Blood, affecting the heart and abdomen. Thus, chest fullness/stagnation results from Lung Qi stagnation, treated with Jiegeng Zhike Tang (Platycodon and Aurantii Fructus Decoction); subcardiac fullness/stagnation results from Spleen Blood accumulation, treated with Baizhu Zhishi Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Decoction). (Baizhu tonifies the Spleen, Zhishi removes Spleen channel blood stasis; without blood stasis, there is no stagnation.) This distinction between upper/lower and slow/fast was detailed by Li Dongyuan as the standard. It eliminates distension and fullness, digests retained food, breaks down hard accumulations, and transforms thick phlegm. To break Qi, combine with Qianni (Pharbitidis Semen), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), and Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas). To tonify Qi, combine with Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). Zhang Zhongjing added it to Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) to utilize its unblocking and breaking-aggregation power. Zhu Danxi included it in phlegm-draining formulas for its swift action akin to toppling walls. Bark treats wind-stroke causing stiff body unable to bend or stretch for long periods. Root bark treats hemorrhoidal bleeding and intestinal wind with visceral toxin. Tree trunk and bark collected together drive away water retention and wind-pain. Large Zhi Ke is also valued when aged. Select those turned inside out like a basin rim or lip, process by hollowing pith, slicing, and stir-frying with wheat bran.
Drains Lung Qi, relaxes the Large Intestine. Resolves Qi knotting in the chest, benefits both hypochondriac joints; breaks down phlegm-thirst and accumulations, pushes out retained food. Combined with Gancao (Licorice Root), it thins the fetus (i.e., Zhike San/Aurantii Fructus Powder). Combined with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), it eliminates hemorrhoids (i.e., Lianke Wan/Coptis-Aurantii Pill). It damages the highest Qi; should not be taken continuously or in excess. Contraindicated entirely for those with deficiency, timidity, and劳伤 (labor injury/exhaustion).
(Note at the end of Qing Ju Pi section in Volume 7: [Mo] comments: Refer to this entry for comparison.)