\r鸡头实\pj385.bmp\r
\r芰实\pj385a.bmp\r
（一名芡实。）味甘，气平。属土有水。无毒。处处池塘俱种，逢秋采实曝干。形类鸡
头，故此为誉。须先舂壳，才可取仁。煮熟食堪以代粮，生嚼食动风冷气。婴儿食形体矮小
，（孟诜云∶与婴儿食不能长大，故驻年耳。）老人食寿岁延长。入药可为散为丸，寻常任煮
粥作饼。主湿痹，止腰膝疼痛；益精气，令耳目聪明。强志疗颈瘰疮，补中除卒暴疾。久服
不厌，渐作神仙。古方和金樱子丸吞，故名曰水陆二仙丹也。嫩根乃名 菜，小腹气痛宜尝
。又种水菱，名曰芰实。气味相若，亦产池塘。有四角两角不同，任生啖煮食随用。
不能
治病，反有损人。令脏冷损阳气痿茎，饮热酒及姜汤可解。啖多腹胀，亦用此消。
\r甘蔗\pj386.bmp\r
味甘，气平。无毒。多生闽蜀，种有二般。一种似竹粗长，名曰竹蔗；一种类荻
细短
，荻蔗为云。凡入药中，捣碎绞汁。丹溪医案，每每用之。助脾气和中，解酒毒止渴。
利大
小肠益气，驱天行热定狂。腊月窖诸粪坑，夏取汁服尤妙。勿共酒食，令人发痰。
又有砂
糖，系汁熬出。杀疳虫润肺，除寒热凉心。共笋食则成血症，同葵食则生沉 。小儿多食，
损齿消肌。
鸡头实（即芡实）
芰实
（又名芡实。）味甘，气平。属性为土中兼有水。无毒。各地池塘均种植，秋季采收果实并晒干。形状像鸡头，因此得名。必须先舂去外壳，才能取出内仁。煮熟后食用可以代替粮食，生嚼则易引发风邪和冷气。婴儿食用会导致身体矮小，（孟诜说：给婴儿吃不能使其长大，所以有驻颜延年之效。）老人食用可延长寿命。入药可制成散剂或丸剂，平常也可煮粥做饼。主治湿痹，缓解腰膝疼痛；补益精气，使耳目聪明。增强意志，治疗颈部瘰疬疮疡，补益中焦，消除突发急病。长期服用不厌倦，逐渐达到神仙般的境界。古方中将金樱子丸同服，因此名为“水陆二仙丹”。嫩根称为 菜，适合治疗小腹气痛。又有一种水生菱角，名叫芰实。气味相似，也产于池塘。有四角和两角之分，无论生吃还是煮熟食用均可。但不能治病，反而损伤人体。会使内脏寒冷，损伤阳气，导致阴茎痿软，饮用热酒及姜汤可以解毒。吃多了会腹胀，也可以用此法来消除胀气。
甘蔗
味甘，气平。无毒。多生长在福建、四川等地，种植种类有两种。一种像竹子一样粗壮修长，名叫竹蔗；一种像芦苇一样细短，名叫荻蔗。凡是入药使用，需捣碎后绞取汁液。丹溪医案中经常使用它。助脾气，调和脾胃，解酒毒，止渴。通利大小肠，益气，驱除时行热邪，安定狂躁。腊月时将诸粪坑窖藏，夏季取汁服用尤为奇妙。不要与酒食同食，否则会使人产生痰湿。
又有砂糖，是由汁液熬制而成。杀灭疳虫，润肺，消除寒热，清心。与笋同食则会形成血症，与葵菜同食则会产生沉疾。小儿多吃，会损害牙齿，消耗肌肉。
Euryale Seed (Jitou Shi)
Trapa Fruit (Jishi)
(Also known as Qianshi.) Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Belongs to Earth with an affinity for Water. Non-toxic. Planted in ponds everywhere; fruits are harvested in autumn and dried in the sun. Its shape resembles a chicken's head, hence its name. The husk must first be pounded off before the kernel can be obtained. Cooked and eaten, it can serve as a substitute for grain; chewed raw, it may induce wind-cold pathogenic factors. If infants consume it, their physical growth will be stunted. (Meng Shen stated: Feeding this to infants prevents them from growing large, thus it is said to preserve youth and prolong life.) For the elderly, consumption extends longevity. In medicinal use, it can be processed into powders or pills; commonly, it is also boiled into porridge or made into cakes. It primarily treats damp-bi syndrome and stops pain in the waist and knees; it benefits essence and qi, making the ears and eyes clear. It strengthens willpower and treats scrofula and sores on the neck; it tonifies the Middle Jiao and eliminates sudden acute diseases. Long-term consumption without aversion leads gradually to a state akin to immortality. In ancient formulas, taken together with Jin Ying Zi Wan (Cherokee Rose Fruit Pill), it is named "Shui Lu Er Xian Dan" (Immortals of Water and Land). The tender root is called Cai vegetable, suitable for treating Qi pain in the lower abdomen. Another aquatic plant is the water caltrop, named Jishi. Its flavor and nature are similar, also produced in ponds. There are differences between four-cornered and two-cornered varieties; they can be eaten raw or cooked according to need. However, it cannot cure diseases and may instead harm the person. It causes coldness in the viscera, damages Yang Qi, and leads to penile flaccidity; drinking hot wine or ginger soup can resolve this toxicity. Excessive consumption causes abdominal distension, which can also be alleviated by this method.
Sugarcane
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Grows abundantly in Fujian and Sichuan; there are two types. One resembles bamboo, being thick and long, called Zhuzhe (Bamboo Sugarcane); the other resembles reeds, being thin and short, called Dizhe (Reed Sugarcane). When used medicinally, it is crushed and juiced. In medical cases recorded by Zhu Zhenheng (Danxi), it is frequently employed. It assists Spleen Qi, harmonizes the interior, resolves alcohol toxicity, and relieves thirst. It promotes urination through the Large and Small Intestines, tonifies Qi, expels epidemic heat, and settles mania. Stored in manure pits during the twelfth lunar month, the juice extracted in summer is particularly effective. Do not consume it with alcohol or food, as it induces phlegm.
There is also brown sugar (Shatang), derived from boiling down the juice. It kills pinworms, moistens the Lungs, removes alternating chills and fever, and cools the Heart. Consuming it with bamboo shoots may lead to blood disorders; consuming it with Malva verticillata (Kui Cai) may cause sinking ailments. Excessive consumption by children damages teeth and consumes muscle tissue.